基于偏振自稳定双环的受激Brillouin散射光电振荡器

基于偏振自稳定双环结构提出一种受激Brillouin散射(SBS)光电振荡器(OEO),利用SBS的窄带宽增益谱实现相位调制到强度调制的转换(PM-IM),并选择OEO的振荡模式,构造偏振自稳定双环结构,在每个回路中的输入光被45°Faraday旋转镜反射后,将通过45°Faraday旋转器和不同长度单模光纤返回其路径,保证输出信号和输入信号的偏振态始终相差180°,从而消除外界机械振动和温度干扰.由于环路结构为反射式往返传输,因此所需光纤长度缩短1/2.实验结果表明,该OEO通过改变泵浦光波长实现频率调谐,可产生1~16 GHz的微波信号,10 GHz处边模抑制比(SMSR)达67.14 dB,相位噪声为-116.3 dBc/Hz@10 kHz.

Aubry-André模型的Wigner函数和Wigner熵

Wigner函数是一种用于可视化量子态在相空间中分布特点的工具.为了探究一维Aubry-André(AA)模型中不同相在相空间中的分布特征,以及拓展—局域转变的临界性中的Wigner熵,对Wigner函数进行了计算.结果显示:当系统处于拓展相时,波函数在坐标空间中展宽,在动量空间中局域化,符合海森堡不确定性原理;相反,当系统处于局域相时,分布特征与之相反.同时,还成功利用Wigner熵标识了拓展—局域转变的相变点,并发现Wigner熵在临界点处达到最大值,与拓展相和局域相中Wigner熵值的降低相比较,有显著差异.该结果为理解AA模型拓展—局域相变提供了新视角.

Study of the spatial growth of stimulated Brillouin scattering in a gas-filled hohlraum via detecting the driven ion acoustic wave

In an experiment performed on the Shenguang-III prototype laser facility, collective Thomson scattering (TS) is used to study the spatialgrowth of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in a gas-filled hohlraum by detecting the SBS-driven ion acoustic wave. High-quality timeresolved SBS and TS spectra are obtained simultaneously in the experiment, and these are analyzed by a steady-state code based on theray-tracing model. The analysis indicates that ion–ion collisions may play an important role in suppressing SBS growth in the Au plasma;as aresult, the SBS excited in the filled gas region is dominant. In the early phase of the laser pulse, SBS originates primarily from the high-densityplasma at the edges of the interaction beam channel, which is piled up by the heating of the interaction beam. Throughout the duration of thelaser pulse, the presence of the TS probe beam might mitigate SBS by perturbing the density distribution around the region overlapping withthe interaction beam.

Widely-wavelength-tunable brillouin fiber laser with improved optical signal-to-noise ratio based on parity-time symmetric and saturable absorption effect

A widely-wavelength-tunable Brillouin fiber laser(BFL)with improved optical signal-to-noise ratio(OSNR)based on parity-time(PT)symmetric and saturable absorption(SA)effect is present.This novel BFL realizes PT symmetry and SA effect through polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber(PM-EDF)Sagnac loop,which is composed of a PM-EDF,a coupler and two polarization controllers(PCs).By using the inherent birefringence characteristic of PM-EDF,two feedback loops in orthogonal polarization state are formed when the Strokes signal in injected.One of these loops provides gain in the clockwise direction with in the Sagnac loop,while the other loop generates loss in the counterclockwise direction.By adjusting the PCs to control the polarization state of the PM-EDF,a single-longitudinal-mode(SLM)BFL can be achieved,as the PT symmetry is broken when the SA participating stimulated Brillouin scattering(SBS)gain and loss are well-matched and the gain surpasses the coupling coefficient.Compared to previous BFLs,the proposed BFL has a more streamlined structure and a wider wavelength tunable range,at the same time,it is not being limited by the bandwidth of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier while still maintaining narrow linewidth SLM output.Additionally,thanks to SA effect of the PM-EDF,the PT symmetric SBS gain contract is enhanced,resulting in a higher optical signal-to-noise(OSNR).The experimental results show that the laser has a wide tunable range of 1526.088 nm to 1565.498 nm,an improved OSNR of 77 dB,and a fine linewidth as small as 140.5 Hz.

Wavelength-interval switchable Brillouin–Raman random fiber laser through Brillouin pump manipulation

A wavelength-interval switchable Brillouin–Raman random fiber laser(BRRFL) based on Brillouin pump(BP) manipulation is proposed in this paper. The proposed wavelength-interval switchable BRRFL has a full-open cavity configuration, featuring multiwavelength output with wavelength interval of double Brillouin frequency shifts. Through simultaneously injecting the BP light and its first-order stimulated Brillouin-scattered light into the cavity, the laser output exhibits a wavelength interval of single Brillouin frequency shift. The wavelength-interval switching effect can be manipulated by controlling the power of the first-order stimulated Brillouin scattering light. The experimental results show the multiwavelength output can be switched between double Brillouin frequency shift multiwavelength emission with a broad bandwidth of approximately 60 nm and single Brillouin frequency shift multiwavelength emission of 44 nm. The flexible optically controlled random fiber laser with switchable wavelength interval makes it useful for a wide range of applications and holds significant potential in the field of wavelength-division multiplexing optical communication.

Suppression of stimulated Brillouin and Raman scatterings using an alternating frequency laser and transverse magnetic fields

A novel scheme to suppress both stimulated Brillouin scattering(SBS) and stimulated Raman scattering(SRS) by combining an alternating frequency(AF) laser and a transverse magnetic field is proposed. The AF laser allows the laser frequency to change discretely and alternately over time. The suppression of SBS is significant as long as the AF difference is greater than the linear growth rate of SBS or the alternating time of the laser frequency is shorter than the linear growth time of SBS. However, the AF laser proves ineffective in suppressing SRS, which usually has a much higher linear growth rate than SBS. To remedy that, a transverse magnetic field is included to suppress the SRS instability. The electrons trapped in the electron plasma waves(EPWs) of SRS can be accelerated by the surfatron mechanism in a transverse magnetic field and eventually detrapped. While continuously extracting energy from EPWs, the EPWs are dissipated and the kinetic inflation of SRS is suppressed. The one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation results show that both SBS and SRS can be effectively suppressed by combining the AF laser with a transverse magnetic field with tens of Tesla. The total reflectivity can be dramatically reduced by more than one order of magnitude. These results provide a potential reference for controlling SBS and SRS under the related parameters of inertial confinement fusion.

Temperature and Salinity Dual-parameter Sensing Based on Forward Brillouin Scattering in 1060-XP SMF

A novel temperature and salinity discriminative sensing method based on forward Brillouin scattering(FBS)in 1060-XP single-mode fiber(SMF)is proposed.The measured frequency shifts corresponding to different radial acoustic modes in 1060-XP SMF show different sensitivities to temperature and salinity.Based on the new phenomenon that different radial acoustic modes have different frequency shift-temperature and frequency shift-salinity coefficients,we propose a novel method for simultaneously measuring temperature and salinity by measuring the frequency shift changes of two FBS scattering peaks.In a proof-of-concept experiment,the temperature and salinity measurement errors are 0.12℃and 0.29%,respectively.The proposed method for simultaneously measuring temperature and salinity has the potential applications such as ocean surveying,food manufacturing and pharmaceutical engineering.

Broadband bidirectional Brillouin–Raman random fiber laser with ultra-narrow linewidth

We present a Brillouin–Raman random fiber laser(BRRFL)with full-open linear cavity structure to generate broadband Brillouin frequency comb(BFC)with double Brillouin-frequency-shift spacing.The incorporation of a regeneration portion consisting of an erbium-doped fiber and a single-mode fiber enables the generation of broadband BFC.The dynamics of broadband BFC generation changing with the pump power(EDF and Raman)and Brillouin pump(BP)wavelength are investigated in detail,respectively.Under suitable conditions,the bidirectional BRRFL proposed can produce a flatamplitude BFC with 40.7-nm bandwidth ranging from 1531 nm to 1571.7 nm,and built-in 242-order Brillouin Stokes lines(BSLs)with double Brillouin-frequency-shift spacing.Moreover,the linewidth of single BSL is experimentally measured to be about 2.5 kHz.The broadband bidirectional narrow-linewidth BRRFL has great potential applications in optical communication,optical sensing,spectral measurement,and so on.

Wigner function of optical cumulant operator and its dissipation in thermo-entangled state representation

To conveniently calculate the Wigner function of the optical cumulant operator and its dissipation evolution in a thermal environment, in this paper, the thermo-entangled state representation is introduced to derive the general evolution formula of the Wigner function, and its relation to Weyl correspondence is also discussed. The method of integration within the ordered product of operators is essential to our discussion.

Brillouin scattering spectrum for liquid detection and applications in oceanography

The Brillouin scattering spectrum has been used to investigate the properties of a liquid medium.Here,we propose an improved method based on the double-edge technique to obtain the Brillouin spectrum of a liquid.We calculated the transmission ratios and deduced the Brillouin shift and linewidth to construct the Brillouin spectrum by extracting the Brillouin edge signal through filtered double-edge data.We built a detection system to test the performance of this method and measured the Brillouin spectrum for distilled water at different temperatures and compared it with the theoretical prediction.The observed difference between the experimental and theoretical values for Brillouin shift and linewidth is less than 4.3 MHz and 3.2 MHz,respectively.Moreover,based on the double-edge technique,the accuracy of the extracted temperatures and salinity is approximately 0.1°C and 0.5‰,respectively,indicating significant potential for application in water detection and oceanography.

The Bell Inequality, Inviolable by Data Used Consistently with Its Derivation, Is Satisfied by Quantum Correlations Whose Probabilities Satisfy the Wigner Inequality

It is not generally known that the inequality that Bell derived using three random variables must be identically satisfied by any three corresponding data sets of ±1’s that are writable on paper. This surprising fact is not immediately obvious from Bell’s inequality derivation based on causal random variables, but follows immediately if the same mathematical operations are applied to finite data sets. For laboratory data, the inequality is identically satisfied as a fact of pure algebra, and its satisfaction is independent of whether the processes generating the data are local, non-local, deterministic, random, or nonsensical. It follows that if predicted correlations violate the inequality, they represent no three cross-correlated data sets that can exist, or can be generated from valid probability models. Reported data that violate the inequality consist of probabilistically independent data-pairs and are thus inconsistent with inequality derivation. In the case of random variables as Bell assumed, the correlations in the inequality may be expressed in terms of the probabilities that give rise to them. A new inequality is then produced: The Wigner inequality, that must be satisfied by quantum mechanical probabilities in the case of Bell experiments. If that were not the case, predicted quantum probabilities and correlations would be inconsistent with basic algebra.

High efficiency of Brillouin scattering behavior in single-mode Ge–As–Se–Te fibers at 2μm

The Brillouin characteristics of step-index Ge–As–Se–Te(GAST)fibers at 2μm are designed and simulated on the basis of optical and acoustic properties.The refractive indexes of Ge_(20)As_(20)Se_(45)Te_(15)glass and Ge_(20)As_(20)Se_(43)Te_(17)glass serving as fiber core and cladding are 3.20 and 3.18 at 2μm,and their acoustic velocities are 2200 m/s and 2300 m/s,respectively.Numerical results indicate that the stimulated Brillouin scattering(SBS)efficiency is 248 m^(-1)·W^(-1),and the Brillouin threshold power is 66 m W when the core diameter of the 2-m-long GAST fiber is 4μm at 2-μm wavelength.The optic–acoustic coupling factor,the Brillouin frequency shift,and the Brillouin gain coefficient are 0.98,7.02 GHz,and 3.81×10^(-9)m/W,respectively.The SBS effect of GAST fibers simulated for the first time provides a new promising approach to selecting gain medium based on 2-μm-wavelength fiber laser.

基于改进Radon-wigner变换的微弱目标加速度估计算法

针对已有Radon-Wigner变换(RWT)对线性调频连续波(linear frequency modulated continuous wave,LFMCW)雷达目标加速度估计计算复杂高、精度低的问题,提出了一种改进的RWT算法。该算法通过熵值法得到加速度的粗估计,对RWT结果求二阶原点矩减小搜索计算量,并且提出了RWT插值方法,将其应用到迭代RWT中用于提高加速度估计精度。实验结果表明,该算法在低信噪比的情况下可以准确检测出匀加速微弱目标,计算量较小且精度较高。

基于线性正则域τ-Wigner分布输出信噪比不等式建模的雷达信号检测研究

为提升瞬时互相关函数型Wigner分布(Instantaneous Cross-correlation Function Wigner Distribu-tion, ICFWD)检测性能,本文采用τ-Wigner分布与其结合,提出瞬时互相关函数型τ-Wigner分布(Instantaneous Cross-correlation Function τ-Wigner Distribution, ICFτWD),通过构建其输出信噪比不等式模型克服优化模型无法针对双分量线性调频(Linear Frequency-Modulated, LFM)信号进行求解的困难,得出有关线性正则变换(Linear Canonical Transform, LCT)自由参数与参数τ的不等式约束,据此实现白噪声干扰的单、双分量LFM信号高性能检测。数值仿真实验验证了理论分析的正确性,以及ICFτWD在检测性能方面的优势。

基于RS-GBSM M2M信道模型的Wigner-Ville功率谱仿真与分析

为了充分研究通信系统中收发两端移动性对信道时变功率谱的影响,本文对RS-GBSM M2M信道模型的时变功率谱进行了仿真分析。由于Wigner-Ville谱的性能在时变功率谱当中相对较优,故仿真结果主要围绕RS-GBSMM2M信道模型的Wigner-Ville谱而展开。本文充分研究并仿真了RS-GBSMM2M信道模型,并对其Wigner-Ville谱进行了分析。首先作出了收发两端移动速度和移动方位角不同变化情况下,RS-GBSM M2M信道模型的自相关函数图像,然后利用傅里叶变换作出了在这些不同的变化情况下,RS-GBSMM2M信道模型的Wigner-Ville谱密度图像,并针对这些变化情况进行了对比分析,得出了当收发两端散射体的俯仰角和方位角均服从均匀分布时,信道模型的Wigner-Ville谱密度图像的带宽只与移动速度有关而与移动方位角无关的结论。最后将Wigner-Ville谱与传统傅里叶功率谱进行了对比,得出了相较于传统傅里叶功率谱,Wigner-Ville谱的性能更优的结论。

基于拉曼放大的长距离BOTDR传感系统研究

布里渊光时域反射(BOTDR)系统可实现沿传感光纤的全分布式温度和应变传感,然而由于光纤损耗的存在,布里渊信号光在长距离传输后往往会淹没在噪声中,信噪比极低。对此,利用拉曼泵浦对光纤全段布里渊信号的增益效果,研究拉曼放大前后系统在测量距离方面的差异和不同泵浦功率对应的放大曲线。通过实验验证了基于拉曼放大的BOTDR传感系统测量距离可提高至100 km量级;在50 m空间分辨率下,成功实现了光纤末端103 km处的温度测量,获得了2.19℃的测量精度。

基于经验模态分解的单端BOTDA系统降噪方法研究

针对单端布里渊光时域分析(BOTDA)系统存在噪声大、信噪比较低等不足,提出一种基于经验模态分解的降噪方法。理论分析经验模态分解的降噪原理和少模光纤单端布里渊光时域分析传感原理,通过搭建的单端结构布里渊光时域分析温度传感系统,对经验模态分解的降噪效果进行对比分析。实验和仿真结果表明,经验模态分解算法对温度传感系统具有良好的降噪效果,降噪后信噪比提升了约3.06dB,温度测量精度提升了约0.98℃。

基于双斜坡法的光纤应变快速测量方法

为了提高基于布里渊散射的光纤应变测量的实时性,将仅根据两个工作点布里渊增益计算布里渊频移的双斜坡法用于光纤应变测量。介绍双斜坡法的基本原理,基于仿真布里渊谱研究左右两侧工作点选择对布里渊频移计算准确性的影响规律,确定最佳的工作点。基于确定的最佳工作点和不同信噪比的布里渊谱,研究信噪比(signal-to-noise ratio, SNR)对双斜坡法和最小二乘拟合法准确性的影响规律。结果表明:双斜坡法的两个工作点围绕光纤沿线布里渊频移的均值对称时误差最小;随两个工作点频率之差的增加布里渊频移误差先减小后增大。相似准确性下双斜坡法的布里渊谱测量时间仅为最小二乘拟合法的约1/30,布里渊频移的计算时间仅约为后者的1/480。

基于布里渊动态光栅的高灵敏度保偏光纤多参量同时解调

为了实现基于保偏光纤在布里渊动态光栅的温度、快轴压力和慢轴压力同时解调,并克服传统压力传感灵敏度不足的缺点,提出了一种边孔型高灵敏度光子晶体光纤。利用有限元方法,研究了温度、快轴压力和慢轴压力与双折射频移、布里渊频移和布里渊线宽之间的关系,据此可实现多参量的同时解调。结果表明,该光子晶体光纤可以实现三参量的同时解调,且解调误差在1 MPa和1℃以内。快轴压力、慢轴压力和温度的误差均值分别为0.21 MPa、0.31 MPa和0.30℃,误差的标准差分别为0.15 MPa、0.21 MPa和0.21℃。在施加0~30 MPa的横向压力和0~100℃的温度时,该光子晶体光纤快轴方向上的压力灵敏度为-1.961 GHz/MPa,光纤慢轴方向上的压力灵敏度为1.356 GHz/MPa,其温度灵敏度为0.105MHz/℃。相较于目前最优结构的光子晶体光纤压力灵敏度提升了-957MHz/MPa。该传感器及解调方法适用于土木结构和大型机械在建造和使用过程中监测其内部所受温度和不同方向压力的变化。

基于布里渊光时域峰值边沿分析的变压器绕组局部热点检测

变压器绕组的温度分布一直是电网运行人员重点关注的对象。与传统传感器相比,分布式光纤传感具有抗电磁干扰能力强、可实现分布式测量等优势,其中布里渊光时域分析技术(BOTDA)的性能稳定,适用于大多数场景,但BOTDA的空间分辨率为m级,难以分辨绕组运行中的局部热点。该文从布里渊散射增益谱的机理入手,利用双峰拟合算法,并结合对异常峰值曲线的边沿分析,提出了一种在不增加系统硬件复杂度的基础上提升BOTDA空间分辨率的方法,以满足局部热点检测要求。通过对光纤沿线不同位置、不同热点长度及不同热点温度下的模拟试验验证了该方法的有效性,在实验室条件下可将准确传感的热点长度提升至原空间分辨率的一半以内。基于变压器实际绕组的局部升温试验,实现了绕组异常热点的精确定位和长度感知,并准确解调了绕组局部热点的温度,进一步验证了该方法的实际可行性和检测优越性,温度相对误差控制在5%以内,为提高变压器绕组温度在线监测的经济性和可行性提供新的思考,同时也为变压器绕组局部故障的提前感知和预警提供了新的思路。