EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON HORIZONTAL COMBUSTION TECHNIQUE FOR BITUMINOUS COAL BRIQUET

Through a lot of experiments, a new kind of stove using horizontal combustion tech-nique for bituminous coal briquet has been developed. Making use of this stove, studies have been made on burning process of bituminous coal briquet, distribution of temperature field in the stove, the regularities of evolution and combustion of volatile matter, the burning rate and edi-ciency of bituminous coal briquet, characteristics of fire-sealing and sulfur-retention. The results show that, with the technique, some achievements can be obtained in combustion of bituminous coal briquet, such as lower pollution that the flue gas black degree is below 0. 5R and dust con-centration is below 90 mg/m3. The stove’s combustion efficiency reaches 90%, sulfur fixing effi-ciency is 60%, and oO concentration is decreased by 40% compared with other traditional stoves. With so many advantages, the stove can be used extensively in civil stoves and smaller industrial boilers.

躯体形式障碍及其与Briquet障碍、癔症的关系

在世界范围内业已承认,将几种以生理或躯体症状为主的障碍放在一起,定名为躯体形式障碍是有用的,如今它已成为ICD—10、DSM—IV的分类标题。做为一个集合概念,躯体形式障碍不仅包含了我国医生熟知的疑病症,而且还包含了不为大家熟悉的躯体化障碍等多科疾病或障碍,因此有必要将ICD—10、DSM—IV及CCMD—2—R有关躯体形式障碍内容作一比较。鉴于在上述标准中。

Metalizing reduction and magnetic separation of vanadium titano-magnetite based on hot briquetting

To achieve high efficiency utilization of Panzhihua vanadium titano-magnetite, a new process of metalizing reduction and magnetic separation based on hot briquetting is proposed, and factors that affect the cold strength of the hot-briquetting products and the efficiency of reduction and magnetic separation are successively investigated through laboratory experiments. The relevant mechanisms are elucidated on the basis of microstructural observations. Experimental results show that the optimal process parameters for hot briquetting include a hot briquetting temperature of 475°C, a carbon ratio of 1.2, ore and coal particle sizes of less than 74 μm. Additionally, with respect to metalizing reduction and magnetic separation, the rational parameters include a magnetic field intensity of 50 mT, a reduction temperature of 1350°C, a reduction time of 60 min, and a carbon ratio of 1.2. Under these above conditions, the crushing strength of the hot-briquetting agglomerates is 1480 N, and the recovery ratios of iron, vanadium, and titanium are as high as 91.19%, 61.82%, and 85.31%, respectively. The new process of metalizing reduction and magnetic separation based on hot briquetting demonstrates the evident technological advantages of high efficiency separation of iron from other valuable elements in the vanadium titano-magnetite.

Study on the strength of cold-bonded high-phosphorus oolitic hematite-coal composite briquettes

Composite briquettes containing high-phosphorus oolitic hematite and coal were produced with a twin-roller briquette machine using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, molasses, starch, sodium silicate, and bentonite as binders. The effect of these binders on the strength of the composite briquettes, including cold strength and high-temperature strength, was investigated by drop testing and compression testing. It was found the addition of Ca（OH）2 and Na2CO3 not only improved the reduction of iron oxides and promoted dephosphorization during the reduction-separation process but also provided strength to the composite briquettes during the briquetting process; a compressive strength of 152.8 N per briquette was obtained when no binders were used. On this basis, the addition of molasses, sodium silicate, starch, and ben- tonite improved the cold strength of the composite briquettes, and a maximum compressive strength of 404.6 N per briquette was obtained by using starch. When subjected to a thermal treatment at 1200~C, all of the composite briquettes suffered from a sharp decrease in compressive strength during the initial reduction process. This decrease in strength was related to an increase in porosity of the composite briquettes. X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） analyses showed that the decrease in strength of the composite briquettes could be caused by four factors： decomposition of bonding materials, gasification of coal, transportation of byproduct gases in the composite briquettes, and thermal stress.

Novel blast furnace operation process involving charging with low-titanium vanadium–titanium magnetite carbon composite hot briquette

An innovative process of blast furnace （BF） operation involving charging with low-titanium vanadium-titanium magnetite carbon composite hot briquette （LVTM-CCB） was proposed for utilizing LVTM and conserving energy, In this study, the effect of LVTM-CCB charging ratio on the softening, melting, and dripping behaviors of the mixed burden was explored systemically, and the migration of valu- able elements V and Cr was extensively investigated. The results show that with increasing LVTM-CCB charging ratio, the softening inter- val T40 - T4 increases from 146.1℃ to 266.1℃, and the melting interval To - Ts first decreases from 137.2℃ to 129.5℃ and then increases from 129.5℃ to 133.2℃. Moreover, the cohesive zone becomes narrower and then wider, and its location shifts slightly downward. In addi- tion, the recovery ratios of V and Cr in dripped iron first increase and then decrease, reaching maximum values of 14.552% and 28.163%, respectively, when the charging ratio is 25%. A proper LVTM-CCB charging ratio would improve the softening--melting behavior of the mixed burden; however, Ti（C,N） would be generated rapidly in slag when the charging ratio exceeds 25%, which is not favorable for BF op- eration. When considering the comprehensive softening-melting behavior of the mixed burden and the recovery ratios of V and Cr, the rec- ommended LVTM-CCB charging ratio is 20%.

Physical properties of solid fuel briquettes from bituminous coal waste and biomass

Biomass and bituminous coal fines from four different coalfields were used to produce fuel briquettes. Two physical properties of briquettes, water resistance index and compressive strength were analyzed. The influence of type and quantity of biomass on physical properties was also studied. The results reveal that depending on the mineral content of the coal, the physical properties of the briquettes differ noticeably. The comparison of briquettes with and without biomass showed that the presence of the beet pulp increased CS in all types of coal samples. Samples containing beet pulp had better physical properties than sawdust. Mezino II coal briquettes had highest CS and WRI than the other ones. Calorific value of biomass/Mezino lI coal briquettes was lessened in comparison with raw coal, but it remained in an acceptable range.

Study on coal dust wettability measurement using cold briquetting technique

Quantitatively-measuring of coal dust wettability is essential for the R/D of chemical coal dust suppressants in the field of dust control with wetting-agent-added water. Analysed the causes which in present lab testing of coal dust wettability cause out-comes＇ low repeat rate and poor consistency with coal dust suppression practices in fields, and investigated the influence of different briquetting pressure （from 0 to 6.5×10^8 Pa） on the wet behavior of coal dust as a new way to evaluate quantitatively coal dust wettability. The study shows that there is a fairly high coincidence between the coal dust wettability data measured by briquetting technique and the results gained from the lab dust suppression tests using an apparatus MCYZ.

Briquet综合征2例报告

例1，患者女，28岁，已婚，农民。8年前在怀孕期忧心忡忡，担心胎儿畸形，担心生产期感染，留下产后病等，有时失眠，情绪紧张。结果分娩顺产，母婴健康。产后第二天，与婆母发生口角．便感头部受风，额顶部疼痛，眼球倍感寒冷，长时紧闭不敢睁开，喉部梗塞感，胸部疼，经县医院检查，无病理征所见，

Standardized processes of biomass briquetting densification fuel

Forest biomass resources are available in enormous quantities in China. The development of forest biomass briquetting densification fuel, which has a high calorific value, can ease the energy shortage in China. But the molding technology is still at the primary stage with many questions unresolved, such as unequal distribution of resources, imperfect technology and an inadequate mechanism of market supply and demand. There are no consistent production and quality standards to refer to, which seriously hinder the industrialization of biomass molding technology. Hence, it is imperative to speed up the formulation of production standards of biomass briquetting densification fuel which not only conform to international standards, but are in accordance with national condi- tions in China. Drawing on the standards of biomass briquetting densification fuel in Europe, a standard system should be concerned with raw material collection, transport and storage of the end products, terminology, denomination and classification of molding equipment, as well as with technical conditions, testing methods, safety and environmental protection. The establishment of a stan- dard system is useful for the development of a healthy, orderly and sustainable biomass fuel industry.

X-ray fluorescence spectrometry determination of open-hearth furnace slag by pressed powder briquetting

A rapid analysis method of determining content of eight compounds of open-hearth furnace slag was developed using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and pressed powder briquettes. Matrix effect was corrected using theoretical alpha coefficient. Grains-size effect was eliminated by optimized sample preparation technique parameters. Mineral effect was corrected with standard curve of specially made standard samples. The analysis results of TiO2, TFe, SiO2, MgO, Al2O3, CaO, MnO and P2O5 in slag samples showed that both precision and accuracy are comparable with that of chemical method.

COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTIC OF COMBINED-BRIQUET

Briquet is a civil modeling solid fuel. It has 16 vertical holes and can be combined horizontally and vertically for getting better combusion. Using combined-briquet in small boilers can decrease the amount of smoke and dust and save energy. This paper describes the combustion characteristic of the cornbined-briquet from its structure, combustion process to strength and combination form to match the briquet with boilers better.

Pharmacological Evaluation of Hexane Fraction of Casearia gossypiosperma Briquet： Antivenom Potentiality

Neuromuscular junction is the main target for snakebites, which venoms act depending on the snake genus for paralyzing the prey （neurotoxicity） or for facilitating the digestion processes of the victim （myotoxicity）, and also as a defense mechanism against predators. In the present study, a mouse neuromuscular apparatus was used for testing the hexane fraction of Casearia gossypiosperma plant, that showed the better antiophidian ability than dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions, against the irreversible paralysis induced by two, Bothrops jararacussu （Bjssu, 40 μg/mL） and Crotalus durissus terrificus （Cdt, 10 μg/mL） snake venoms. All fractions were obtained by liquid-liquid partition from the C. gossypiosperma hydroalcoholic lyophilized extract. The preliminary chromatographic profile of this plant showed phenols and flavonols as active constituents, whereas hexane fraction expressed mainly 13-sitosterol and quercetin. In spite of hexane fraction protection （≌95% and 48% against Bjssu and Cdt, respectively）, isolately, only quercetin protected against the blockade-induced by Bjssu venom （65.5%）. This study showed that hexane fraction acts against these snake venoms by a synergistic phytocomplex mechanism.

生物质燃料颗粒热压成型过程分析

“双碳”战略下,生物质因其可再生、低污染和“零”碳排等优点而备受关注。生物质成型制备燃料颗粒能有效地解决其结构松散、能量密度低等问题,可用作化石燃料的替代品,对于新型能源体系的建设具有重要意义。笔者概述了生物质热压成型过程的影响因素,分析并探讨了热压成型过程中生物质颗粒的演变行为和结合机制。生物质成型工艺主要包括冷压成型和热压成型。与冷压成型相比,热压成型能耗较低,制得成型燃料品质较高。生物质含水率(4%~15%)对其成型燃料密度影响较大,成型温度(70~150℃)影响较小,成型压力(60~130 MPa)和原料粒度(<2.5 mm)对其成型燃料密度的影响因生物质种类不同而存在较大差异。生物质热压成型过程中纤维素主要起骨架支撑作用,半纤维素、木质素则起到黏结剂作用。在热压成型的微观过程中,生物质颗粒经惯性移动后黏弹塑性变形,形成机械互锁。脆性颗粒破碎后释放出天然黏性成分,在水分、温度和压力的共同作用下形成颗粒间桥接。机械互锁和桥接缩小了生物质分子间的距离,促进了分子间作用力的产生。在对生物质热压成型机制认识的基础上,利用不同生物质掺混或水热等预处理手段对生物质组分进行调控可提高燃料颗粒的品质。利用分子动力学手段对生物质成型过程进行仿真模拟,可获得生物质组分分子间的键合机制,有利于进一步探究生物质热压成型机制,对生物质成型燃料乃至成型材料的制备有着重要的指导意义。

煤基压块活性炭的制备及吸附水溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的能力研究

为了降低压块活性炭的制备成本,以大同不黏煤为主料,桃山焦煤和重相沥青为黏结成分,以高温煤焦油和水为成型助剂制备压块活性炭。依靠调节配煤比例和改变活化条件来调控活性炭孔结构。利用碘吸附值、亚甲蓝吸附值、耐磨强度等表征活性炭常规性能;研究了样品吸附水溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的能力,并考察了活性炭再生效率和质量损耗情况。结果表明:在大同不黏煤、桃山焦煤、重相沥青、高温煤焦油和水的配比为51∶24∶9∶7∶9的基础上,活化温度和时间分别为875℃和2.5 h的条件下制备出的压块活性炭性能最优,其耐磨强度为90%,碘吸附值为902 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为270 mg/g,比表面积为992.6 m^(2)/g;对水溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)最大吸附容量可达27.3 mg/g;质量分数为5%的硝酸溶液对饱和活性炭在50℃条件下再生8 h效果最佳,再生5次以后,其质量损耗率为21%,性能恢复率为70.06%。

添加热压铁块对宝钢2号高炉生产的影响

为了探索减少高炉碳排放的新途径,在宝钢2号高炉进行了添加热压铁块工业试验。从炉况顺行、煤气流、透气性、煤气发生量、热制度、渣比、日产量、CO_(2)排放量等方面,阐述了添加热压铁块对2号高炉生产的影响。热压铁块比加到60kg/t后的结果表明:①随着热压铁块比的提升,炉况顺行得到改善,入炉品位提高,燃料比大幅降低,产量提升,取得了明显的增产降耗效果;②焦比由基准期的415kg/t降至353kg/t,燃料比从514kg/t降至最低488kg/t;③富氧率提升至4.255%,利用系数达到2.181t/(m^(3)·d),日产量较基准期提高5.9%。

Application of tobacco stems briquetting in tobacco flue-curing in rural area of China

To reduce the conventional energy consumption in rural area of China,tobacco stems briquetting(TSB)was used as fuel during the process of tobacco flue-curing,compared with honeycomb briquette(HB).Three fire furnaces with different heat exchangers using TSB were compared using the tobacco flue-curing.The results showed that the smog temperature of TSB was higher than that of HB,the efficiency of bio-fuel system with TSB was from 43.5%to 54%,while the efficiency of traditional fuel system was 51.5%.And the cost of tobacco flue-curing per hectare with TSB and HB was$750.0 and$1282.5,respectively.It is proved that TSB is an alternative choice using for the industry of tobacco flue-curing,and the improvement in the structure of fire furnace could optimize the process of tobacco flue-curing.

重载荷高精度对辊成型机架的工艺研究

氰化钠对辊成型机属于重载荷高精度设备,对辊成型机架是其关键部件,其直接关系到氰化钠成型机的运行安全。针对氰化钠成型特殊使用要求,给出机架制造工艺的实例,从材料选用、焊接工序设计、焊后热处理、精密机械加工等方面阐述对辊成型机架的工艺设计要点,通过无损检测检验和用户使用验证结果表明,该成型机架工艺设计合理、可靠。

一种新型设计的转向机压块预紧机构

压块预紧机构作为转向机重要组成部分,主要作用为齿轮齿条啮合提供预紧力,保证齿轮齿条一直处于啮合状态,消除齿轮齿条间隙;其次为转向机在冲击工况下提供缓冲作用,保护各个零件,防止零件破坏引起噪音问题;最后为齿条提供支撑作用,防止齿条旋转。因此压块预紧机构的好坏直接影响转向机各个性能,而现有设计的膜片弹簧耐久磨损后,由于明显的刚度下降,为齿轮齿条提供的预紧力大大减小,导致转向机在耐久后易出现压块间隙变大,造成转向机噪音问题。本文新型设计的蝶形弹簧,解决了现有技术的不足,大大提高了压块机构的承载能力以及寿命。本文从材料性能、刚度、预紧力衰减以及工艺装配流程进行具体分析。

双孢蘑菇三次堆肥自动化打包生产线设计

设计的双孢菇三次堆肥自动化打包生产线,由出料、输送、打包、热塑封设备以及控制系统组成。介绍了整条生产线的组成原理及运行功能,重点分析了控制系统及其运行方式。选用PLC作为控制器,完成自动化程序编写,通过触摸屏设计人机交互。打包实验结果表明,该生产线设计合理,系统运行稳定,能有效提升作业自动化水平及工作效率,每小时可打550包,为双胞菇三次堆肥远距离安全运输提供了有效的解决方案。

Thermal and chemical analysis of massive use of hot briquetted iron inside basic oxygen furnace

The integrated steelmaking cycle based on the blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace（BOF）route plays an important role in the production of plain and ultra-low carbon steel,especially for deep drawing operations.BOF steelmaking is based on the conversion of cast iron in steel by impinging oxygen on the metal bath at supersonic speed.In order to avoid the addition of detrimental chemical elements owing to the introduction of uncontrolled scrap and in order to decrease environmental impact caused by the intensive use of coke for the production of cast iron,HBI（hot briquetted iron）can be used as a source of metal and a fraction of cast iron.Forty industrial experimental tests were performed to evaluate the viability of the use of HBI in BOF.The experimental campaign was supported by a thermal prediction model and realized through the estimation of the oxidation enthalpy.Furthermore,the process was thermodynamically analyzed based on oxygen potentials using the off-gas composition and the bath temperature evolution during the conversion as reference data.