Influence of Different Drying Temperatures on Quality of Balsam Pear Slices

[Objective] The aim was to investigate the effects of different drying temperatures on the physiochemical properties and antioxidant activity of balsam pear slices. [Method] Balsam pear slices were dried at different hot air temperatures, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 ℃. [Result] The polyphenols content was highest （2.83 mg/g） in the balsam pear slices dried at 50 ℃, and the flavonoids content was highest （2.584 mg/g） in those dried at 60 ℃. Different drying temperatures had a great impact on the antioxidant capacity of polyphenols in balsam pear. The balsam pear slices dried at 50 ℃ showed the strongest capacity for scavenging DPPH free radicals with IC50 of 0.015 mg/ml, and those dried at 80 ℃ showed the strongest capacity for removing ABTS free radicals with IC50 of 0.0689 mg/ml. [Conclusion] The hot air temperature of 50 ℃ had the least impact on the quality of balsam pear slices.

Callus and Adventitious Buds Formation from Stem Explants of Balsam Pear （Momordica charantia L.）

The effects of sterilization pretreatment, sampling time and growth regulators on callus formation, explant contamination and adventitious bud induction from stems of balsam pear （Momordica charantia L.） were investigated. Sterilized for 6 rain with 0.1% （w/v） mercuric chloride solution is an essential sterilization method for stems. June and July proved to be better for material taking, followed by May. The callus formation rate of balsam pears reached the highest when medium added with IBA 1.0mg/L and BA 2.0 mg/L, while the optimum medium for adventitious bud induction was MS added with IBA 0.5mg/L and BA 4.0 mg/L. And it will provide theoretical and technical basis for rapid propagation and breeding.

Morphological Characteristics of Floral Organ at Different Microspore Developmental Stage in Balsam Pear （Momordica Charantia L.）

The relationship between microspore developmental stages and morphological characteristics of floral organ in balsam pear was studied. The results showed that flower buds developed a series of morphological changes at different microspore developmental stages, and morphological characteristics of floral organ were significantly different when sampling from different part or cultivar of balsam pear. Anther at late-uninucleate stage was best for culture, in which stage flower buds swelled obviously, and white floss on the surface reduced. In addition, calyxes were obvious but did not spread, and the most of anthers were light green.

Effect of Different Treatment on Anther Callus Formation and Browning in Balsam Pear （Mornordica charantia L.）

Brown callus derived from anther limited the application of anther culture in balsam pear. In order to establish a more perfect regeneration system from anther cultuer, the effects of low temperature pretreatment, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D）, vitamin C （Vc） and silver nitrate （AgNO3） on callus induction and browning in anther culture of balsam pear （Momordiea charantia L.） were investigated. The results showed that after pretreatment at 4 ℃ for 1 day, callus induction rate was the highest and browning rate was the lowest. Anthers on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L formed more and better callus. The medium supplemented with Vc or AgNO3 was advantageous to the induction of callus and reduction of browning. When cultured on medium supplemented with 50 mg/L Vc or 5 mg/L AgNO3, callus induction rate was the highest and browning rate was rather low.

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Balsam Pear(Momordica charantia L.) by ISSR Marker

[Objective] The aim was to explore the relationship between the classification and regional distribution of balsam pear. [Method] In the research, 30 varieties of balsam pear were analyzed by ISSR marker. [Result] The research showed that172 bands were amplified by 18 primers, in which, 132 bands were polymorphism and the polymorphic proportion was 76.7%. All of the samples can be divided into four categories by UPGMA analysis. [Conclusion] The results indicated that the classification of balsam pear is similar as varieties' regional distribution, which will be useful for genetic relationships analysis and parents selection in hybridization breeding.

A Review on the Regeneration of Balsam Pear （Momordica Charantia L.）

An efficient protocol was developed for direct plant regeneration, multiplication and rooting of Balsam pear in vitro. The key factors influencing regeneration such as genotypes, explants type, seedling age, plant hormones and additives were summarized. The paper also discussed the problems existing on balsam pear tissue culture and prospected the future development of this system.

原子吸收光谱法测定苦瓜中微量金属元素的含量

用微波消解法对苦瓜进行预处理,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了苦瓜中钙、镁、铁、锌四种微量金属元素的含量。在最佳条件下测得苦瓜中各金属元素的含量分别为Ca:3843.50μg/g,Mg:2545.492μg/g,Fe:93.3415μg/g,Zn:77.685μg/g;RSD为0.19%~0.85%;检出限为0.0020μg·mL^(-1)~0.0703μg·mL^(-1);相关系数为0.9927~0.9997;加标回收率为94.60%~102.92%,此方法简单、快捷、经济、有效。

滴灌管布置方式和灌溉定额对矮化密植香梨果实品质的影响

【目的】研究不同滴灌管布置方式和灌溉定额对库尔勒香梨果实品质的影响,为滴灌技术在香梨种植中的应用与发展提供重要的参考依据。【方法】以7a生矮化密植库尔勒香梨为研究对象,设计滴灌管布置方式(P1:1行2管,P2:1行3管,P3:1行4管)和灌溉定额(W1:6750 m^(3)/hm^(2),W2:5250 m^(3)/hm^(2))2个因素,研究滴灌管布置方式和灌溉定额对土壤质量含水率、香梨单果质量及果实品质影响,筛选出适宜提升香梨果实品质的滴灌技术参数。【结果】灌溉定额相同时,0~100 cm土层土壤含水率整体呈随土层深度的增加而先增加后减少的趋势,各处理土壤含水率在70~90 cm土层均达到峰值;各处理对果肉硬度的影响不显著,对单果质量、可溶性糖量、VC量影响显著;当灌溉定额一定时,果实纵径随着滴灌管数量的增加而增大,当灌溉定额为6750 m^(3)/hm^(2)时,果实VC量随滴灌管数量的增加而增加;果实可滴定酸量与VC量变异系数最大,均超过了30%。单果质量与果实纵径、果实横径、固酸比正相关,与可滴定酸量、可溶性糖量、VC量负相关。【结论】库尔勒香梨果实综合品质表现最优处理为W2P2处理(滴灌布置方式为1行3管、灌溉定额为5250 m^(3)/hm^(2))。

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定杜阮凉瓜中20种元素的含量

本文建立了测定杜阮凉瓜中20种元素含量的电感耦合等离子体质谱法。样品经过微波消解后上机测定,检测方法检出限、回收率和相对标准偏差。结果表明,各元素线性关系良好,相关系数均≥0.9980,检出限在0.0018~2.1540μg·L^(-1),回收率在95.6%~106.3%,相对标准偏差在0.55%~2.50%。该方法简便快捷、灵敏精确,适用于杜阮凉瓜中20种元素的测定。

苦瓜耐低钾性生理生化指标评估体系的构建

【目的】探讨苦瓜种质资源耐低钾胁迫的鉴定方法,为培育耐低钾丰产优质苦瓜品种提供种质资源。【方法】以11份苦瓜种质为材料,设置低钾(K+浓度0.2 mmol/L)和正常钾(K+浓度4.0 mmol/L)处理,采用多元统计的方法综合分析低钾胁迫下的苦瓜种质的各项生长及生理指标。【结果】苦瓜种质的株高、茎粗、节间长、叶面积、地下部干重、地上部干重、根长、根表面积、根体积、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、总叶绿素、丙二醛和钾累积量等15个鉴定指标的变异幅度较大,变异系数均超过10.0%。利用主成分分析将15个鉴定指标的胁迫系数经过标准化(Z-score法)后进行降维处理,从所有的因子中聚焦为4个主成分,共解释总变异的83.690%。根据4个主成分得分计算隶属函数值最终确定综合指标(D值),采用聚类分析方法将11份种质分为4类,第Ⅰ类的04-25、1717、KG01-2和03-8为耐低钾种质,第Ⅱ类的1721、11-8、DD14-1、04-17-4和26-2为中等耐低钾种质,第Ⅲ类的06-16为低钾弱敏感种质,第Ⅳ类的25-15为低钾敏感种质。通过多元回归分析法建立最优的综合评价数学模型:Y=0.768×株高+0.443×钾累积量+0.390×根表面积+0.595×叶绿素a-0.415。【结论】11份苦瓜种质中04-25为最耐低钾种质,株高、钾累积量、根表面积和叶绿素a可作为苦瓜种质耐低钾性评价指标,该评价体系可用于苦瓜种质耐低钾性的快速筛选。

18%氟唑菌酰胺·咪鲜胺微囊悬浮-悬浮剂防治苦瓜白粉病的田间药效试验

为探究18%氟唑菌酰胺·咪鲜胺微囊悬浮-悬浮剂防治苦瓜白粉病的防效以及确定最佳推荐施用剂量开展本试验。试验结果表明,18%氟唑菌酰胺·咪鲜胺微囊悬浮-悬浮剂对棚室苦瓜白粉病具有良好的防治效果,建议使用剂量为有效成分用量108~162 g/hm^(2)(制剂用量40~60 mL/667 m^(2)),在苦瓜白粉病发病初期开始施药,共3次,每次间隔7 d。从施药到调查结束,未发现该药剂各剂量对作物苦瓜产生副作用,苦瓜生长良好。

苦瓜霜滴眼液抗眼疲劳动物实验的研究

目的:评价苦瓜霜滴眼液抗眼疲劳的药理作用。方法:通过家兔眼睫状肌张力差异、小鼠肠系膜微循环的恢复时间、小鼠热板法致痛的痛阈值和醋酸所致扭体次数的比较。结果:苦瓜霜滴眼液明显降低兔眼睫状肌张力,缩短小鼠肠系膜微循环的恢复时间,提高热板法致小鼠疼痛的痛阈值;减少醋酸致小鼠的扭体次数。结论:苦瓜霜滴眼液具有显著的抗实验动物眼疲劳和改善症状的作用。

滴头流量对砂壤土水分分布及果树生长的影响研究

【目的】揭示不同滴头流量对土壤水分分布特征、香梨树生长指标的影响,为筛选当地香梨滴灌选择的最佳滴头流量提供理论参考。【方法】以5年生库尔勒香梨为试验对象,通过设定不同的滴头流量,研究滴头流量下土壤水分水平、垂直运移特征以及对香梨新梢长度、粗度、叶片光合特性、果实纵横径、单果质量变化的影响。【结果】滴头流量为q=10 L/h时,土壤水分运移特征与根系分布达到较高吻合,且对香梨果实生长具有较明显的促进作用。【结论】通过试验得出结论最佳滴头流量为q=10 L/h。

23个苦瓜品种(系)农艺性状的主成分分析

对 2 3份苦瓜品种 (系 )的 2 4个农艺性状进行了调查研究 ,其中 16个差异显著的性状进行了主成分分析 ,得出前 3个主成分分别为早熟因子、产量因子和生长势因子。这 3个因子对变异的累计贡献率达 76 .2 % 。

灰色系统理论应用于苦瓜主要品种的评估

利用灰色系统理论对苦瓜品种进行综合评估 ,结果证明 ,各品种的灰色关联排序综合评估与品种的实际表现一致。

金银花菊花苦瓜保健饮料的研制

研究了以金银花、菊花、苦瓜为主要原料经加工处理制成一种新型保健饮料的新工艺 ,探讨了苦瓜汁护色及脱苦条件、产品配方和最佳杀菌条件。

辐照对鲜切苦瓜杀菌效果及感官品质的影响

本试验将60Co-γ辐照引入苦瓜的鲜切加工过程,研究不同辐照剂量对苦瓜杀菌效果和感官品质的影响。结果表明:辐照剂量0.52kGy以上的辐照处理对鲜切苦瓜细菌、大肠菌群、肠炎沙门氏菌(D10=0.33),英诺克李斯特菌(D10=0.29)杀灭效果显著;1.86kGy以下的辐照对鲜切苦瓜色度、硬度的影响在5%水平上差异不显著。0.52～1.86kGy辐照处理对苦瓜的色泽、气味、质地和滋味、组织状态等方面可接受性没有显著影响。因此,0.52～1.86kGy辐照剂量可以有效控制鲜切苦瓜中的微生物而不影响其感官品质,能满足糖尿病人的食用要求,货架期可达6d。

苦瓜的研究进展及展望

综述了我国苦瓜栽培、育种、制种技术的研究进展,并对未来苦瓜的研究方向进行了展望。

苦瓜品种亲缘关系的RAPD分析

利用RAPD技术对来自国内外的45份苦瓜栽培品种进行了亲缘关系分析。实验采用UPGMA方法进行聚类分析,并在此基础上建立分子系统树。实验结果将45个苦瓜品种分成滑身苦瓜和麻点苦瓜2大类,滑身苦瓜又可以分为来源于东南亚和来源于国内的2组,麻点苦瓜也可分为来源于中国香港和来源于中国内地的2组,说明苦瓜品种存在一定的地域性差异,另外亲缘关系上相近的品种也聚类到一起。

不同来源苦瓜遗传亲缘关系RAPD分析

利用12个随机引物对24份苦瓜材料进行RAPD分析,共扩增出的79条谱带,有56条为多态性带,比例为70.89%;聚类分析结果,在遗传距离为0.343时.供试的24份苦瓜材料可聚成三大类群。