Hepatic encephalopathy(HE)is one of the main complications of cirrhosis,characterized by a wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric alterations that lead to an increase in mortality,morbidity and recurrent hospitalizations.D...Hepatic encephalopathy(HE)is one of the main complications of cirrhosis,characterized by a wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric alterations that lead to an increase in mortality,morbidity and recurrent hospitalizations.Due to the central role in HE pathogenesis of ammonia and other neurotoxins primarily produced by the gut microbiota,the main therapeutic approaches for the treatment of HE are based on the modulation of the gut microbiota.Rifaximin is a non-absorbable broad-spectrum antibiotic,that is effective against ammonia-producing grampositive,gram-negative,and anaerobic species,approved for the treatment of HE in secondary prophylaxis.The chronic administration of rifaximin in this setting is associated with a lower risk of HE recurrence and mortality,while the role of rifaximin for the treatment of an overt-HE episode in inpatients is still unclear.Limited data exist about the coadministration of rifaximin and broad-spectrum antibiotics commonly used to treat concomitant infections,as patients receiving or recently treated with antibiotics were frequently excluded from clinical trials.In this editorial we comment on the article by Ward et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Hepatology.It is a single center,retrospective,quasiexperimental,pharmacist-driven protocol,with the aim to evaluate the feasibility and safety of rifaximin discontinuation in critically ill patients with HE and chronic liver disease receiving broad-spectrum antibiotic therapies in intensive care units.The study revealed no differences between the protocol and control group in terms of primary outcome(days alive and free of delirium and coma to day 14)and secondary outcomes which include:Intensive care mortality,intensive care length of stay,intravenous vasopressor requirement changes and adverse effects rate.Therefore,rifaximin discontinuation during broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy does not appear to negatively impact the clinical status of critically ill liver patients,with a similar safety profile and significant cost savings,as compared to the coadministration of rifaximin and broad-spectrum antibiotics.In agreement with Ward et al,a recently published double-blind,randomized controlled trial provided additional evidence to support the feasibility of withholding rifaximin during broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy in critically ill cirrhotic patients.However,given the limitations of these studies,further multicentric and prospective clinical trials,enrolling a larger sample of non-critically ill patients,are needed to better establish the role of rifaximin in this setting.展开更多
Hepatic encephalopathy(HE)is a formidable complication in patients with decompensated cirrhosis,often necessitating the administration of rifaximin(RFX)for effective management.RFX,is a gut-restricted,poorly-absorbabl...Hepatic encephalopathy(HE)is a formidable complication in patients with decompensated cirrhosis,often necessitating the administration of rifaximin(RFX)for effective management.RFX,is a gut-restricted,poorly-absorbable oral rifamycin derived antibiotic that can be used in addition to lactulose for the secondary prophylaxis of HE.It has shown notable reductions in infection,hospital readmission,duration of hospital stay,and mortality.However,limited data exist about the concurrent use of RFX with broad-spectrum antibiotics,because the patients are typically excluded from studies assessing RFX efficacy in HE.A pharmacist-driven quasi-experimental pilot study was done to address this gap.They argue against the necessity of RFX in HE during broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment,particularly in critically ill patients in intensive care unit(ICU).The potential for safe RFX discontinuation without adverse effects is clearly illuminated and valuable insight into the optimization of therapeutic strategies is offered.The findings also indicate that RFX discontinuation during broadspectrum antibiotic therapy was not associated with higher rates of delirium or coma,and this result remained robust after adjustment in multivariate analysis.Furthermore,rates of other secondary clinical and safety outcomes,including ICU mortality and 48-hour changes in vasopressor requirements,were comparable.However,since the activity of RFX is mainly confined to the modulation of gut microbiota,its potential utility in patients undergoing extensive systemic antibiotic therapy is debatable,given the overlapping antibiotic activity.Further,this suggests that the action of RFX on HE is class-specific(related to its activity on gut microbiota),rather than drug-specific.A recent double-blind randomized controlled(ARiE)trial provided further evidence-based support for RFX withdrawal in critically ill cirrhotic ICU patients receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics.Both studies prompt further discussion about optimal therapeutic strategy for patients facing the dual challenge of HE and systemic infections.Despite these compelling results,both studies have limitations.A prospective,multi-center evaluation of a larger sample,with placebo control,and comprehensive neurologic evaluation of HE is warranted.It should include an exploration of longer-term outcome and the impact of this protocol in non-critically ill liver disease patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pediatric abdominal infection is a common but serious disease that requires timely and effective treatment.In surgical treatment,accurate diagnosis and rational application of antibiotics are the keys to im...BACKGROUND Pediatric abdominal infection is a common but serious disease that requires timely and effective treatment.In surgical treatment,accurate diagnosis and rational application of antibiotics are the keys to improving treatment effects.AIM To investigate the effect of broad-spectrum bacterial detection on postoperative antibiotic therapy.METHODS A total of 100 children with abdominal infection who received surgical treatment in our hospital from September 2020 to July 2021 were grouped.The observation group collected blood samples upon admission and sent them for broad-spectrum bacterial infection nucleic acid testing,and collected pus or exudate during the operation for bacterial culture and drug sensitivity testing;the control group only sent bacterial culture and drug sensitivity testing during the operation.RESULTS White blood cell count,C-reactive protein,procalcitonin,3 days after surgery,showed better postoperative index than the control group(P<0.05).The hospital stay in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group.The hospitalization cost in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Early detection of broad-spectrum bacterial infection nucleic acids in pediatric abdominal infections can help identify pathogens sooner and guide the appropriate use of antibiotics,improving treatment outcomes and reducing medical costs to some extent.展开更多
The effect of temperature (18°C - 30°C), water activity (0.85 - 1) and pH (4 - 9) was studied by dual culture technique on the antagonism of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma harzianum to Colletotri...The effect of temperature (18°C - 30°C), water activity (0.85 - 1) and pH (4 - 9) was studied by dual culture technique on the antagonism of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma harzianum to Colletotrichum acutatum, responsible of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa (Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier) anthracnose. The antagonistic bacteria’s strains behave significantly and differently according to the parameters studied. These results reveal useful information about the applicability of their biocontrol in agricultural culture with the change of environmental factors.展开更多
Species of Trichoderma, Penicillium, Aspergillus and Mucor were found to dominate the rhizosphere of tea bushes in different regions of the Indian Himalayas. The Himachal Himalayas were dominated by Monilia humiscola ...Species of Trichoderma, Penicillium, Aspergillus and Mucor were found to dominate the rhizosphere of tea bushes in different regions of the Indian Himalayas. The Himachal Himalayas were dominated by Monilia humiscola (45.08%) and Mucor hiemalis (33.11%). In the Uttaranchal Himalayas, Aspergillus clavatum dominated the rhizosphere (54.01%), followed by A. flavous (20.07%). Although the fungal isolates require a mesophillic temperature (15 ℃ to 35 ℃), the tea rhizospheric isolates tolerate a wide range of temperatures (5 ℃ to 45 ℃). When tested for pH tolerance, these fungi showed a wide range (2.0 to 13.0) of pH tolerance under in vitro conditions. Seasonal variations also influenced the colony forming units (cfu) of the rhizospheric fungi, with the maximum forming in November and March, and the minimum in December^February. During this period, the populations of the fungi were found inversely proportional to the bacterial populations. In addition, the dominant bacteria in the tea rhizosphere, i.e., Bacillus subtilis and B. mycoides, showed antagonistic activity against fungal isolates by inhibiting the growth and causing structural abnormalities in mycelium. Tab 5, Ref展开更多
Through a modified agar well diffusion assay,antagonism of a novel chitinase-producing strain C3 against the phy- topathogenic fungi including Phoma wasabiae Yokogi,Cochlibolus Heterostrophus,Exserohilum Turcicum,Curu...Through a modified agar well diffusion assay,antagonism of a novel chitinase-producing strain C3 against the phy- topathogenic fungi including Phoma wasabiae Yokogi,Cochlibolus Heterostrophus,Exserohilum Turcicum,Curuvularia Lunata (Walk)Boed,Thantephorus cucumris,Fusarium graminearum was tested.The data showed that the crude extracts of strain C3 had stable antifungal activity in the range of pH 5.0 to pH 8.0.The active components were heat labile and sensitive to proteinase K.A series of experiments supported that the compound responsible for inhibitory aetivity appeared to be chitinase.The 16s rDNA analysis indicated that C3 was subject to genus Burkholderia.Phenotypic characterization of C3 was also consisted with the result of molecular identification.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to identify strain HN-1 against banana wilt disease and to determine its antagonism. [Method] The strain HN-1 was ob- tained from the soil in fields heavily infected by Fusarium oxysporum f. ...[Objective] The paper was to identify strain HN-1 against banana wilt disease and to determine its antagonism. [Method] The strain HN-1 was ob- tained from the soil in fields heavily infected by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense （FOC）. Antagonism of the strain against F. oxysporum was tested via dual-cul- ture and inhibition test on spore germination. [Result] HN-1 effectively inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination of F. oxysporum, Strain HN-1 was identi- fied as BrevibaciUus brevis according to its characteristics in morphology, physiology and biochemistry and its 16S rDNA sequence. The strain showed high inhibition effect on 15 species of fungal pathogens in the dual-culture trials with fungal pathogens. [ Conclusion] The study provides theoretical basis for application of strain HN-1 in agricultural fields.展开更多
Variations in the radial growth rate of 24 isolates belonging to ten species of Trichoderma, three isolates of conifer pathogen Heterobasidion annosum s.s. and four isolates of H. parviporum were evaluated by incubati...Variations in the radial growth rate of 24 isolates belonging to ten species of Trichoderma, three isolates of conifer pathogen Heterobasidion annosum s.s. and four isolates of H. parviporum were evaluated by incubation on a solid malt extract medium at a temperature of 4℃, 15℃ and 21℃. Trichoderma antagonism against Heterobasidion was investigated in dual culture in vitro. The slowest rate of growth was referable to all seven strains of Heterobasidion spp. All Heterobasidion spp. strains were overgrown by 63% of Trichoderma spp. strains after two weeks at 21℃ and by 33% of strains at 15℃. 21% of Trichoderma strains did not grow and only four strains belonging to T. koningii, T. viride and T. viridescens demonstrated the ability to completely overgrow Heterobasidion spp. after two weeks incubation at 4℃. According to the antagonistic efficiency, Trichoderma strains were divided into five groups with an Euclidean distance of 25. The groups contained isolates from different species. It was suggested that selected psychrotrophic fast growing T. viride, T. koningii and T. viridescens strains could be examined in different substrate conditions as suitable antagonist agents for the control of H. annosum and H. parviporum.展开更多
Synergism and antagonism of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and selenium (Se) to biological toxicities in red soil, yellow brown soil and black soil were evaluated by MICROTOX method. The relation between forms of the teste...Synergism and antagonism of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and selenium (Se) to biological toxicities in red soil, yellow brown soil and black soil were evaluated by MICROTOX method. The relation between forms of the tested metals in soil and the synergism or antagonism between them was also studied.Results showed that owing to the difference of soil chemical properties, toxicity of these metals in soils was different. In red soil with acid reaction and low in cation exchange capacity, antagonism occurred significantly between metals when they coexisted at high concentrations, while synergism occurred only under low concentrations. It is indicated that in red soil, toxicity of metals affected by synergism or antagonism depends on concentration of the metals present. For yellow brown soil and black soil with larger cation exchange capacity and lower exchangeable aluminium (A1), no toxicity of metals was observed even if metals were added to soil in high concentrations. Synergism and antagonism between Cd, Cu and Se were controlled by the forms of metals present. The amount of water-soluble metals was the most important factor in determining synergism and antagonism.In this paper, comparisons of synergism and antagonism between metals in soils and in water solutions were made. There occurred the synergism of metal toxicity in water solutions when the concentration of coexisting metals was high. This is just opposite to the case in soils.展开更多
The local isolates of Trichoderma spp. and Fusarium solani were colected from citrus orchards in the Mekong delta of Vietnam and isolated on PDA, PDB and TSM medium for antagonism and Koch’s postulate testing. The re...The local isolates of Trichoderma spp. and Fusarium solani were colected from citrus orchards in the Mekong delta of Vietnam and isolated on PDA, PDB and TSM medium for antagonism and Koch’s postulate testing. The results showed that the high chitinolytic enzymes content of Trichoderma isolates can antagonise with Fusarium solani isolates by preventing the germination of Fusarium macroconidia in in-vitro condition. There are five promising isolates of Trichoderma spp. having high antagonism with Fusarium solani. These Trichoderma isolates also grew well in rice straws, maize stems, weeds and water hyacinth biowaste materials. These results supply the promising trend for biological control of root rot disease on citrus orchards of the Mekong delta.展开更多
The world military situation in 2016was complex,military strategies of major countries undergoing profound readjustment,contest in emerging fields increasing and a new round of populism cropping up worldwide which res...The world military situation in 2016was complex,military strategies of major countries undergoing profound readjustment,contest in emerging fields increasing and a new round of populism cropping up worldwide which resulted in'Black swan events'happening one after another,major-country contest and geopolitical conflicts piling up and local展开更多
A strain B34 against Thanatephorus cucumeris was screened from rice plants. Lab and field experiments showed that the control effects of this fungal strain were better than that of Jinggangmycin on PDA plate. Based on...A strain B34 against Thanatephorus cucumeris was screened from rice plants. Lab and field experiments showed that the control effects of this fungal strain were better than that of Jinggangmycin on PDA plate. Based on the chemical components of cell wall and physiological and biochemical characters of B34, the fungal was named as Pseudomonas aureofaciens. It was a new antagonistic strain against Thanatephorus cucumeris.展开更多
文摘Hepatic encephalopathy(HE)is one of the main complications of cirrhosis,characterized by a wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric alterations that lead to an increase in mortality,morbidity and recurrent hospitalizations.Due to the central role in HE pathogenesis of ammonia and other neurotoxins primarily produced by the gut microbiota,the main therapeutic approaches for the treatment of HE are based on the modulation of the gut microbiota.Rifaximin is a non-absorbable broad-spectrum antibiotic,that is effective against ammonia-producing grampositive,gram-negative,and anaerobic species,approved for the treatment of HE in secondary prophylaxis.The chronic administration of rifaximin in this setting is associated with a lower risk of HE recurrence and mortality,while the role of rifaximin for the treatment of an overt-HE episode in inpatients is still unclear.Limited data exist about the coadministration of rifaximin and broad-spectrum antibiotics commonly used to treat concomitant infections,as patients receiving or recently treated with antibiotics were frequently excluded from clinical trials.In this editorial we comment on the article by Ward et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Hepatology.It is a single center,retrospective,quasiexperimental,pharmacist-driven protocol,with the aim to evaluate the feasibility and safety of rifaximin discontinuation in critically ill patients with HE and chronic liver disease receiving broad-spectrum antibiotic therapies in intensive care units.The study revealed no differences between the protocol and control group in terms of primary outcome(days alive and free of delirium and coma to day 14)and secondary outcomes which include:Intensive care mortality,intensive care length of stay,intravenous vasopressor requirement changes and adverse effects rate.Therefore,rifaximin discontinuation during broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy does not appear to negatively impact the clinical status of critically ill liver patients,with a similar safety profile and significant cost savings,as compared to the coadministration of rifaximin and broad-spectrum antibiotics.In agreement with Ward et al,a recently published double-blind,randomized controlled trial provided additional evidence to support the feasibility of withholding rifaximin during broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy in critically ill cirrhotic patients.However,given the limitations of these studies,further multicentric and prospective clinical trials,enrolling a larger sample of non-critically ill patients,are needed to better establish the role of rifaximin in this setting.
基金Supported by the Chang Gung Medical Research Project,No.CMRPG3M1931-1932the National Science and Technology Council,No.MOST 110-2314-B-182A-093-and No.NMRPG3L0331.
文摘Hepatic encephalopathy(HE)is a formidable complication in patients with decompensated cirrhosis,often necessitating the administration of rifaximin(RFX)for effective management.RFX,is a gut-restricted,poorly-absorbable oral rifamycin derived antibiotic that can be used in addition to lactulose for the secondary prophylaxis of HE.It has shown notable reductions in infection,hospital readmission,duration of hospital stay,and mortality.However,limited data exist about the concurrent use of RFX with broad-spectrum antibiotics,because the patients are typically excluded from studies assessing RFX efficacy in HE.A pharmacist-driven quasi-experimental pilot study was done to address this gap.They argue against the necessity of RFX in HE during broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment,particularly in critically ill patients in intensive care unit(ICU).The potential for safe RFX discontinuation without adverse effects is clearly illuminated and valuable insight into the optimization of therapeutic strategies is offered.The findings also indicate that RFX discontinuation during broadspectrum antibiotic therapy was not associated with higher rates of delirium or coma,and this result remained robust after adjustment in multivariate analysis.Furthermore,rates of other secondary clinical and safety outcomes,including ICU mortality and 48-hour changes in vasopressor requirements,were comparable.However,since the activity of RFX is mainly confined to the modulation of gut microbiota,its potential utility in patients undergoing extensive systemic antibiotic therapy is debatable,given the overlapping antibiotic activity.Further,this suggests that the action of RFX on HE is class-specific(related to its activity on gut microbiota),rather than drug-specific.A recent double-blind randomized controlled(ARiE)trial provided further evidence-based support for RFX withdrawal in critically ill cirrhotic ICU patients receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics.Both studies prompt further discussion about optimal therapeutic strategy for patients facing the dual challenge of HE and systemic infections.Despite these compelling results,both studies have limitations.A prospective,multi-center evaluation of a larger sample,with placebo control,and comprehensive neurologic evaluation of HE is warranted.It should include an exploration of longer-term outcome and the impact of this protocol in non-critically ill liver disease patients.
基金Zhangjiakou Science and Technology Tackling Program,No.2021099D.
文摘BACKGROUND Pediatric abdominal infection is a common but serious disease that requires timely and effective treatment.In surgical treatment,accurate diagnosis and rational application of antibiotics are the keys to improving treatment effects.AIM To investigate the effect of broad-spectrum bacterial detection on postoperative antibiotic therapy.METHODS A total of 100 children with abdominal infection who received surgical treatment in our hospital from September 2020 to July 2021 were grouped.The observation group collected blood samples upon admission and sent them for broad-spectrum bacterial infection nucleic acid testing,and collected pus or exudate during the operation for bacterial culture and drug sensitivity testing;the control group only sent bacterial culture and drug sensitivity testing during the operation.RESULTS White blood cell count,C-reactive protein,procalcitonin,3 days after surgery,showed better postoperative index than the control group(P<0.05).The hospital stay in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group.The hospitalization cost in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Early detection of broad-spectrum bacterial infection nucleic acids in pediatric abdominal infections can help identify pathogens sooner and guide the appropriate use of antibiotics,improving treatment outcomes and reducing medical costs to some extent.
文摘The effect of temperature (18°C - 30°C), water activity (0.85 - 1) and pH (4 - 9) was studied by dual culture technique on the antagonism of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma harzianum to Colletotrichum acutatum, responsible of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa (Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier) anthracnose. The antagonistic bacteria’s strains behave significantly and differently according to the parameters studied. These results reveal useful information about the applicability of their biocontrol in agricultural culture with the change of environmental factors.
文摘Species of Trichoderma, Penicillium, Aspergillus and Mucor were found to dominate the rhizosphere of tea bushes in different regions of the Indian Himalayas. The Himachal Himalayas were dominated by Monilia humiscola (45.08%) and Mucor hiemalis (33.11%). In the Uttaranchal Himalayas, Aspergillus clavatum dominated the rhizosphere (54.01%), followed by A. flavous (20.07%). Although the fungal isolates require a mesophillic temperature (15 ℃ to 35 ℃), the tea rhizospheric isolates tolerate a wide range of temperatures (5 ℃ to 45 ℃). When tested for pH tolerance, these fungi showed a wide range (2.0 to 13.0) of pH tolerance under in vitro conditions. Seasonal variations also influenced the colony forming units (cfu) of the rhizospheric fungi, with the maximum forming in November and March, and the minimum in December^February. During this period, the populations of the fungi were found inversely proportional to the bacterial populations. In addition, the dominant bacteria in the tea rhizosphere, i.e., Bacillus subtilis and B. mycoides, showed antagonistic activity against fungal isolates by inhibiting the growth and causing structural abnormalities in mycelium. Tab 5, Ref
文摘Through a modified agar well diffusion assay,antagonism of a novel chitinase-producing strain C3 against the phy- topathogenic fungi including Phoma wasabiae Yokogi,Cochlibolus Heterostrophus,Exserohilum Turcicum,Curuvularia Lunata (Walk)Boed,Thantephorus cucumris,Fusarium graminearum was tested.The data showed that the crude extracts of strain C3 had stable antifungal activity in the range of pH 5.0 to pH 8.0.The active components were heat labile and sensitive to proteinase K.A series of experiments supported that the compound responsible for inhibitory aetivity appeared to be chitinase.The 16s rDNA analysis indicated that C3 was subject to genus Burkholderia.Phenotypic characterization of C3 was also consisted with the result of molecular identification.
基金Supported by Special Funds for Construction of Modern Agricultural Technology System(nycytx-24)Fundamental Research Special Project for Central Public-interest Scientific Institutes(ITBB130502)
文摘[Objective] The paper was to identify strain HN-1 against banana wilt disease and to determine its antagonism. [Method] The strain HN-1 was ob- tained from the soil in fields heavily infected by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense （FOC）. Antagonism of the strain against F. oxysporum was tested via dual-cul- ture and inhibition test on spore germination. [Result] HN-1 effectively inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination of F. oxysporum, Strain HN-1 was identi- fied as BrevibaciUus brevis according to its characteristics in morphology, physiology and biochemistry and its 16S rDNA sequence. The strain showed high inhibition effect on 15 species of fungal pathogens in the dual-culture trials with fungal pathogens. [ Conclusion] The study provides theoretical basis for application of strain HN-1 in agricultural fields.
文摘Variations in the radial growth rate of 24 isolates belonging to ten species of Trichoderma, three isolates of conifer pathogen Heterobasidion annosum s.s. and four isolates of H. parviporum were evaluated by incubation on a solid malt extract medium at a temperature of 4℃, 15℃ and 21℃. Trichoderma antagonism against Heterobasidion was investigated in dual culture in vitro. The slowest rate of growth was referable to all seven strains of Heterobasidion spp. All Heterobasidion spp. strains were overgrown by 63% of Trichoderma spp. strains after two weeks at 21℃ and by 33% of strains at 15℃. 21% of Trichoderma strains did not grow and only four strains belonging to T. koningii, T. viride and T. viridescens demonstrated the ability to completely overgrow Heterobasidion spp. after two weeks incubation at 4℃. According to the antagonistic efficiency, Trichoderma strains were divided into five groups with an Euclidean distance of 25. The groups contained isolates from different species. It was suggested that selected psychrotrophic fast growing T. viride, T. koningii and T. viridescens strains could be examined in different substrate conditions as suitable antagonist agents for the control of H. annosum and H. parviporum.
文摘Synergism and antagonism of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and selenium (Se) to biological toxicities in red soil, yellow brown soil and black soil were evaluated by MICROTOX method. The relation between forms of the tested metals in soil and the synergism or antagonism between them was also studied.Results showed that owing to the difference of soil chemical properties, toxicity of these metals in soils was different. In red soil with acid reaction and low in cation exchange capacity, antagonism occurred significantly between metals when they coexisted at high concentrations, while synergism occurred only under low concentrations. It is indicated that in red soil, toxicity of metals affected by synergism or antagonism depends on concentration of the metals present. For yellow brown soil and black soil with larger cation exchange capacity and lower exchangeable aluminium (A1), no toxicity of metals was observed even if metals were added to soil in high concentrations. Synergism and antagonism between Cd, Cu and Se were controlled by the forms of metals present. The amount of water-soluble metals was the most important factor in determining synergism and antagonism.In this paper, comparisons of synergism and antagonism between metals in soils and in water solutions were made. There occurred the synergism of metal toxicity in water solutions when the concentration of coexisting metals was high. This is just opposite to the case in soils.
文摘The local isolates of Trichoderma spp. and Fusarium solani were colected from citrus orchards in the Mekong delta of Vietnam and isolated on PDA, PDB and TSM medium for antagonism and Koch’s postulate testing. The results showed that the high chitinolytic enzymes content of Trichoderma isolates can antagonise with Fusarium solani isolates by preventing the germination of Fusarium macroconidia in in-vitro condition. There are five promising isolates of Trichoderma spp. having high antagonism with Fusarium solani. These Trichoderma isolates also grew well in rice straws, maize stems, weeds and water hyacinth biowaste materials. These results supply the promising trend for biological control of root rot disease on citrus orchards of the Mekong delta.
文摘The world military situation in 2016was complex,military strategies of major countries undergoing profound readjustment,contest in emerging fields increasing and a new round of populism cropping up worldwide which resulted in'Black swan events'happening one after another,major-country contest and geopolitical conflicts piling up and local
文摘A strain B34 against Thanatephorus cucumeris was screened from rice plants. Lab and field experiments showed that the control effects of this fungal strain were better than that of Jinggangmycin on PDA plate. Based on the chemical components of cell wall and physiological and biochemical characters of B34, the fungal was named as Pseudomonas aureofaciens. It was a new antagonistic strain against Thanatephorus cucumeris.
