To the problem of the unknown underwater target detection, according to the feature that the underwater target radiated noise contains the stable line spectrum, a weighted method based on the main-to-side lobe ratio ...To the problem of the unknown underwater target detection, according to the feature that the underwater target radiated noise contains the stable line spectrum, a weighted method based on the main-to-side lobe ratio （MSLR） is proposed for broadband beam-forming. This weighted method can be implemented by using the following steps. Firstly, optimize the spatial spectrum of each frequency unit by the second-order cone programming （SOCP）, and obtain the optimized spatial spectrum with lower side lobe. Secondly, construct weighting factors based on the MSLR of the optimized spatial spectrums to from weight factors. Lastly, cumulate the spatial spectrum of each frequency unit via the weight statistical method of this paper. This method can restrain the disturbance of background noise, enhance the output signal-to-noise ratio （SNR）, and overcome the difficulty of traditional four-dimensional display. The theoretical analysis and simulation results both verify that this method can well enhance the spatial spectrum of line spectrum units, restrain the spatial spectrum of background noise units, and improve the performance of the broadband beam-forming.展开更多
Metalenses with achromatic performance offer a new opportunity for high-quality imaging with an ultracompact configuration;however,they suffer from complex fabrication processes and low focusing efficiency.In this stu...Metalenses with achromatic performance offer a new opportunity for high-quality imaging with an ultracompact configuration;however,they suffer from complex fabrication processes and low focusing efficiency.In this study,we propose an efficient design method for achromatic microlenses on a wavelength scale using materials with low dispersion,an adequately designed convex surface,and a thickness profile distribution.By taking into account the absolute chromatic aberration,relative focal length shift(FLS),and numerical aperture(NA),microlens with a certain focal length can be realized through our realized map of geometric features.Accordingly,the designed achromatic microlenses with low-dispersion fused silica were fabricated using a focused ion beam,and precise surface profiles were obtained.The fabricated microlenses exhibited a high average focusing efficiency of 65%at visible wavelengths of 410-680 nm and excellent achromatic capability via white light imaging.Moreover,the design exhibited the advantages of being polarization-insensitive and near-diffraction-limited.These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed achromatic microlens design approach,which expands the prospects of miniaturized optics such as virtual and augmented reality,ultracompact microscopes,and biological endoscopy.展开更多
Phase gradient metasurfaces（PGMS） offer a fascinating ability to control the amplitude and phase of the electromagnetic（EM） waves on a subwavelength scale, resulting in new applications of designing novel microwav...Phase gradient metasurfaces（PGMS） offer a fascinating ability to control the amplitude and phase of the electromagnetic（EM） waves on a subwavelength scale, resulting in new applications of designing novel microwave devices with improved performances. In this paper, a reflective symmetrical element, consisting of orthogonally I-shaped structures, has been demonstrated with an approximately parallel phase response from 15 GHz to 22 GHz, which results in an interesting wideband property. For practical design, a planar antenna is implemented by a well-optimized focusing metasurface and excited by a self-designed Vivaldi antenna at the focus. Numerical and experimental results coincide well. The planar antenna has a series of merits such as a wide 3-d B gain bandwidth of 15–22 GHz, an average gain enhancement of 16 d B, a comparable aperture efficiency of better than 45% at 18 GHz, and also a simple fabrication process. The proposed reflective metasurface opens up a new avenue to design wideband microwave devices.展开更多
On-chip focusing of plasmons in graded-index lenses is important for imaging,lithography,signal processing,and optical interconnects at the deep subwavelength nanoscale.However,owing to the inherent strong wavelength ...On-chip focusing of plasmons in graded-index lenses is important for imaging,lithography,signal processing,and optical interconnects at the deep subwavelength nanoscale.However,owing to the inherent strong wavelength dispersion of plasmonic materials,the on-chip focusing of plasmons suffers from severe chromatic aberrations.With the well-established planar dielectric grating,a graded-index waveguide array lens(GIWAL)is proposed to support the excitation and propagation of acoustic graphene plasmon polaritons(AGPPs)and to achieve the achromatic on-chip focusing of the AGPPs with a focus as small as about 2%of the operating wavelength in the frequency band from 10 to 20 THz,benefiting from the wavelength-independent index profile of the GIWAL.An analytical theory is provided to understand the on-chip focusing of the AGPPs and other beam evolution behaviors,such as self-focusing,self-collimation,and pendulum effects of Gaussian beams as well as spatial inversions of digital optical signals.Furthermore,the possibility of the GIWAL to invert spatially broadband digital optical signals is demonstrated,indicating the potential value of the GIWAL in broadband digital communication and signal processing.展开更多
基于线-圆极化转换原理和聚焦超表面相关理论,设计了一种反射型宽带线-圆极化转换聚焦超表面,并结合线极化馈源设计了宽带的高增益圆极化天线.首先,提出了一种单层的变形十字超表面单元,单元具有极化独立特性,并且能够在10—14 GHz宽频...基于线-圆极化转换原理和聚焦超表面相关理论,设计了一种反射型宽带线-圆极化转换聚焦超表面,并结合线极化馈源设计了宽带的高增益圆极化天线.首先,提出了一种单层的变形十字超表面单元,单元具有极化独立特性,并且能够在10—14 GHz宽频带范围实现对反射波相位360?范围全调控,同时利用该单元构建的一维超单元很好地验证了奇异反射现象.然后,分别控制单元横向和纵向尺寸的分布构建出同时满足线-圆极化转换和聚焦条件的双功能超表面.最后,采用Vivaldi天线作为馈源对超表面进行照射组成天线系统,仿真及测试结果均表明天线系统同时实现了高增益和线-圆极化转换,系统的-1 d B带宽为24%,-3 d B轴比带宽为29.8%.本文的设计充分体现了超表面对电磁波相位和极化操控的灵活性,具有显著的应用前景.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61372180)the National Key Scientific Instrument Equipment Development Project of China(Grant No.2013YQ140431)
文摘To the problem of the unknown underwater target detection, according to the feature that the underwater target radiated noise contains the stable line spectrum, a weighted method based on the main-to-side lobe ratio （MSLR） is proposed for broadband beam-forming. This weighted method can be implemented by using the following steps. Firstly, optimize the spatial spectrum of each frequency unit by the second-order cone programming （SOCP）, and obtain the optimized spatial spectrum with lower side lobe. Secondly, construct weighting factors based on the MSLR of the optimized spatial spectrums to from weight factors. Lastly, cumulate the spatial spectrum of each frequency unit via the weight statistical method of this paper. This method can restrain the disturbance of background noise, enhance the output signal-to-noise ratio （SNR）, and overcome the difficulty of traditional four-dimensional display. The theoretical analysis and simulation results both verify that this method can well enhance the spatial spectrum of line spectrum units, restrain the spatial spectrum of background noise units, and improve the performance of the broadband beam-forming.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3806000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52325208 and 11974203)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project(Z191100004819002).
文摘Metalenses with achromatic performance offer a new opportunity for high-quality imaging with an ultracompact configuration;however,they suffer from complex fabrication processes and low focusing efficiency.In this study,we propose an efficient design method for achromatic microlenses on a wavelength scale using materials with low dispersion,an adequately designed convex surface,and a thickness profile distribution.By taking into account the absolute chromatic aberration,relative focal length shift(FLS),and numerical aperture(NA),microlens with a certain focal length can be realized through our realized map of geometric features.Accordingly,the designed achromatic microlenses with low-dispersion fused silica were fabricated using a focused ion beam,and precise surface profiles were obtained.The fabricated microlenses exhibited a high average focusing efficiency of 65%at visible wavelengths of 410-680 nm and excellent achromatic capability via white light imaging.Moreover,the design exhibited the advantages of being polarization-insensitive and near-diffraction-limited.These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed achromatic microlens design approach,which expands the prospects of miniaturized optics such as virtual and augmented reality,ultracompact microscopes,and biological endoscopy.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61372034)
文摘Phase gradient metasurfaces（PGMS） offer a fascinating ability to control the amplitude and phase of the electromagnetic（EM） waves on a subwavelength scale, resulting in new applications of designing novel microwave devices with improved performances. In this paper, a reflective symmetrical element, consisting of orthogonally I-shaped structures, has been demonstrated with an approximately parallel phase response from 15 GHz to 22 GHz, which results in an interesting wideband property. For practical design, a planar antenna is implemented by a well-optimized focusing metasurface and excited by a self-designed Vivaldi antenna at the focus. Numerical and experimental results coincide well. The planar antenna has a series of merits such as a wide 3-d B gain bandwidth of 15–22 GHz, an average gain enhancement of 16 d B, a comparable aperture efficiency of better than 45% at 18 GHz, and also a simple fabrication process. The proposed reflective metasurface opens up a new avenue to design wideband microwave devices.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62105376)the Guangdong Zhujiang Project(Grant Nos.2021ZT09X070 and 2021QN02X488).The authors declare no competing financial interests。
文摘On-chip focusing of plasmons in graded-index lenses is important for imaging,lithography,signal processing,and optical interconnects at the deep subwavelength nanoscale.However,owing to the inherent strong wavelength dispersion of plasmonic materials,the on-chip focusing of plasmons suffers from severe chromatic aberrations.With the well-established planar dielectric grating,a graded-index waveguide array lens(GIWAL)is proposed to support the excitation and propagation of acoustic graphene plasmon polaritons(AGPPs)and to achieve the achromatic on-chip focusing of the AGPPs with a focus as small as about 2%of the operating wavelength in the frequency band from 10 to 20 THz,benefiting from the wavelength-independent index profile of the GIWAL.An analytical theory is provided to understand the on-chip focusing of the AGPPs and other beam evolution behaviors,such as self-focusing,self-collimation,and pendulum effects of Gaussian beams as well as spatial inversions of digital optical signals.Furthermore,the possibility of the GIWAL to invert spatially broadband digital optical signals is demonstrated,indicating the potential value of the GIWAL in broadband digital communication and signal processing.
文摘基于线-圆极化转换原理和聚焦超表面相关理论,设计了一种反射型宽带线-圆极化转换聚焦超表面,并结合线极化馈源设计了宽带的高增益圆极化天线.首先,提出了一种单层的变形十字超表面单元,单元具有极化独立特性,并且能够在10—14 GHz宽频带范围实现对反射波相位360?范围全调控,同时利用该单元构建的一维超单元很好地验证了奇异反射现象.然后,分别控制单元横向和纵向尺寸的分布构建出同时满足线-圆极化转换和聚焦条件的双功能超表面.最后,采用Vivaldi天线作为馈源对超表面进行照射组成天线系统,仿真及测试结果均表明天线系统同时实现了高增益和线-圆极化转换,系统的-1 d B带宽为24%,-3 d B轴比带宽为29.8%.本文的设计充分体现了超表面对电磁波相位和极化操控的灵活性,具有显著的应用前景.
