Background: Brain disorders have become more and more common today, due to both the aging population and the ever-expanding sports community. However, a new therapeutic technology called photobiomodulation (PBM) is gi...Background: Brain disorders have become more and more common today, due to both the aging population and the ever-expanding sports community. However, a new therapeutic technology called photobiomodulation (PBM) is giving hope to thousands of individuals in need. Traumatic brain injury (TBI), dementia, post traumatic stress (PTSD) and attention deficit (ADD) disorders are in many cases quickly and safely improved by PBM. PBM employs red or near-infrared (NIR) light (600 - 1100 nm) to stimulate healing, protect tissue from dying, increase mitochondrial function, improve blood flow, and tissue oxygenation. PBM can also act to reduce edema, increase antioxidants, decrease inflammation, protect against apoptosis, and modulate the microglial activation state. All these effects can occur when light is delivered to the head, and can be beneficial in both acute and chronic brain conditions. Methods: In this case series, we used a high power, FDA-approved superpulsed laser system applied to the head to treat four chronic stroke patients. Patients received as few as three 6 - 9 minute treatments over a one-week period. The follow up time varied, but in one case was two years. Results: Patients showed significant improvement in their speech and verbal skills. Improvements were also noticed in walking ability, limb movement, less numbness, and better vision. Conclusion: The use of PBM in stroke rehabilitation deserves to be tested in controlled clinical trials, because this common condition has no approved pharmaceutical treatment at present.展开更多
目的观察头电针联合低频经颅重复磁刺激(low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,LF-rTMS)治疗脑梗死后Broca失语的临床疗效。方法将符合纳入标准的63例脑梗死后Broca失语患者用随机数字表法分为观察组(n=31)、对...目的观察头电针联合低频经颅重复磁刺激(low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,LF-rTMS)治疗脑梗死后Broca失语的临床疗效。方法将符合纳入标准的63例脑梗死后Broca失语患者用随机数字表法分为观察组(n=31)、对照组(n=32),每组30例完成所有结果评价。两组均予以临床对症支持治疗、语言康复训练及右侧大脑半球LF-r TMS治疗,观察组另行左侧大脑半球头电针治疗,对照组行左侧大脑半球头针治疗。治疗前后,均进行西方失语症成套测验(the Western aphasia battery,WAB)评分、中国式功能性言语沟通能力检查法(chinese functional communication profile,CFCP)评分及波士顿诊断性失语症检查(Boston diagnostic aphasia examination,BDAE)评级测试,并根据BDAE评级结果计算出显愈、显效和总有效率以判定临床疗效。结果治疗6周后,观察组总有效率为96.67%,显著高于对照组的76.67%(P<0.05);两组患者的自发言语、听理解、复述、命名评分及言语沟通能力的评分均明显上升(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者的失语症等级皆提高(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论头电针联合LF-rTMS治疗脑梗死后Broca失语患者可有效改善其语言功能,值得临床推广应用。展开更多
The present study reported a 42-year-old male patient who underwent conservative management for a spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in the left corona radiata and the basal ganglia. The patient presented with compl...The present study reported a 42-year-old male patient who underwent conservative management for a spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in the left corona radiata and the basal ganglia. The patient presented with complete weakness of the right upper and lower extremities at the onset of intracerebral hemorrhage; however, he showed progressive motor recovery to the level that he was able to extent the affected extremities against some resistance at 5 weeks after onset. The corticospinal tract of the affected （left） hemisphere connected to the left Broca＇s area at 3 weeks after onset as shown by diffusion tensor tractography. By contrast, this connection had disappeared at 5 weeks after onset as shown by diffusion tensor tractogaphy. Transcranial magnetic stimulation study showed that no motor evoked potential was elicited from the affected （left） hemisphere at 3 weeks after onset, but motor evoked potentials were elicited at 5 weeks after onset. These findings suggest that the connection between the injured corticospinal tract and Broca＇s area in this patient appears to be a compensation for severe motor weakness; consequently, the connection seems to disappear with motor recovery.展开更多
The human brain is a fascinatingly complex organ with specialized structures associated with distinct functions. Classical and recent studies on brain localization propose that Broca’s area underpin expressive langua...The human brain is a fascinatingly complex organ with specialized structures associated with distinct functions. Classical and recent studies on brain localization propose that Broca’s area underpin expressive language and this has been generalized to explain brain functional organization. However, recent neuroimaging studies have shown that the Broca’s area is an extended network that not only participate in its primary function-expressive language processing but in secondary functions-processing non-linguistic/nonverbal tasks as well. Also, there is hierarchical connectivity and interaction of Broca’s region and different brain areas in underlying related primary functions. For this review, I start with revisiting the classical description of brain localization. I then discuss the neuroanatomy of language production and the role of Broca’s region in language processing. I then highlight the participation of the Broca’s area in non-linguistic tasks and non-primary linguistic tasks. Ultimately, I propose a novel hypothesis called integrated systems hypothesis. The integrated systems hypothesis is useful for guiding research on the multimodal role of specific localized integrated systems of the brain especially the role of the Broca’s region in integrating linguistic and non-linguistic processing and how this facilitate language production.展开更多
文摘Background: Brain disorders have become more and more common today, due to both the aging population and the ever-expanding sports community. However, a new therapeutic technology called photobiomodulation (PBM) is giving hope to thousands of individuals in need. Traumatic brain injury (TBI), dementia, post traumatic stress (PTSD) and attention deficit (ADD) disorders are in many cases quickly and safely improved by PBM. PBM employs red or near-infrared (NIR) light (600 - 1100 nm) to stimulate healing, protect tissue from dying, increase mitochondrial function, improve blood flow, and tissue oxygenation. PBM can also act to reduce edema, increase antioxidants, decrease inflammation, protect against apoptosis, and modulate the microglial activation state. All these effects can occur when light is delivered to the head, and can be beneficial in both acute and chronic brain conditions. Methods: In this case series, we used a high power, FDA-approved superpulsed laser system applied to the head to treat four chronic stroke patients. Patients received as few as three 6 - 9 minute treatments over a one-week period. The follow up time varied, but in one case was two years. Results: Patients showed significant improvement in their speech and verbal skills. Improvements were also noticed in walking ability, limb movement, less numbness, and better vision. Conclusion: The use of PBM in stroke rehabilitation deserves to be tested in controlled clinical trials, because this common condition has no approved pharmaceutical treatment at present.
文摘目的观察头电针联合低频经颅重复磁刺激(low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,LF-rTMS)治疗脑梗死后Broca失语的临床疗效。方法将符合纳入标准的63例脑梗死后Broca失语患者用随机数字表法分为观察组(n=31)、对照组(n=32),每组30例完成所有结果评价。两组均予以临床对症支持治疗、语言康复训练及右侧大脑半球LF-r TMS治疗,观察组另行左侧大脑半球头电针治疗,对照组行左侧大脑半球头针治疗。治疗前后,均进行西方失语症成套测验(the Western aphasia battery,WAB)评分、中国式功能性言语沟通能力检查法(chinese functional communication profile,CFCP)评分及波士顿诊断性失语症检查(Boston diagnostic aphasia examination,BDAE)评级测试,并根据BDAE评级结果计算出显愈、显效和总有效率以判定临床疗效。结果治疗6周后,观察组总有效率为96.67%,显著高于对照组的76.67%(P<0.05);两组患者的自发言语、听理解、复述、命名评分及言语沟通能力的评分均明显上升(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者的失语症等级皆提高(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论头电针联合LF-rTMS治疗脑梗死后Broca失语患者可有效改善其语言功能,值得临床推广应用。
基金a grant from Daegu Metropolitan City R&D Project
文摘The present study reported a 42-year-old male patient who underwent conservative management for a spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in the left corona radiata and the basal ganglia. The patient presented with complete weakness of the right upper and lower extremities at the onset of intracerebral hemorrhage; however, he showed progressive motor recovery to the level that he was able to extent the affected extremities against some resistance at 5 weeks after onset. The corticospinal tract of the affected （left） hemisphere connected to the left Broca＇s area at 3 weeks after onset as shown by diffusion tensor tractography. By contrast, this connection had disappeared at 5 weeks after onset as shown by diffusion tensor tractogaphy. Transcranial magnetic stimulation study showed that no motor evoked potential was elicited from the affected （left） hemisphere at 3 weeks after onset, but motor evoked potentials were elicited at 5 weeks after onset. These findings suggest that the connection between the injured corticospinal tract and Broca＇s area in this patient appears to be a compensation for severe motor weakness; consequently, the connection seems to disappear with motor recovery.
文摘The human brain is a fascinatingly complex organ with specialized structures associated with distinct functions. Classical and recent studies on brain localization propose that Broca’s area underpin expressive language and this has been generalized to explain brain functional organization. However, recent neuroimaging studies have shown that the Broca’s area is an extended network that not only participate in its primary function-expressive language processing but in secondary functions-processing non-linguistic/nonverbal tasks as well. Also, there is hierarchical connectivity and interaction of Broca’s region and different brain areas in underlying related primary functions. For this review, I start with revisiting the classical description of brain localization. I then discuss the neuroanatomy of language production and the role of Broca’s region in language processing. I then highlight the participation of the Broca’s area in non-linguistic tasks and non-primary linguistic tasks. Ultimately, I propose a novel hypothesis called integrated systems hypothesis. The integrated systems hypothesis is useful for guiding research on the multimodal role of specific localized integrated systems of the brain especially the role of the Broca’s region in integrating linguistic and non-linguistic processing and how this facilitate language production.
