Broiler meat is one of the most important protein sources for Bangladeshi people. Food-borne diseases associated with the consumption of poultry meat and its processed products are of public health concern worldwide. ...Broiler meat is one of the most important protein sources for Bangladeshi people. Food-borne diseases associated with the consumption of poultry meat and its processed products are of public health concern worldwide. An investigation was conducted to assess the bacteriological quality of poultry meat from some poultry farms and its health impact on consumer of Nalitabari paurosova, Sherpur district, Bangladesh. Total 15 samples were randomly selected and collected from different poultry farms on the basis of farms level and size. Bacteriological quality of the samples was assessed by following the standard microbiological methods. The health impact was evaluated with the help of semi-structured based questionnaire of 400 peoples. The average value of TVC and TCC were found as 4.3 × 106 CFU/g and 3.6 × 104 CFU/g respectively. In this study, the prevalence of fecal coliform was recorded as 33% and the presence of E. coli in 53% samples. The mean value of Salmonella spp. of meat samples was 4.6 × 103 CFU/g. No Shigella spp., Vibrio spp. and fungal species were detected in any sample. Some selected isolates were tested for their sensitivity against some commercially available common antibiotics used in Bangladesh. E. coli was 80% resistance to Ampicillin and 90% sensitive to Ciprofloxacin whereas Salmonella spp. showed 100% resistance to Ampicillin and 80% sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin. The antibacterial activity of renowned medicinal plant Azadirachta indica was also evaluated against some multidrug resistance bacteria. The inhibitory zone of both 30% methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica was 12 mm and 12.3 mm, where 40% methanolic and ethanolic extracts were 14 mm and 16.3 mm against E. coli. The 40% ethanolic extract showed the better activity between them. The plant extract has no activity against Salmonella spp.. Awareness and health impact of broiler meat was determined among the people of different sectors on the basis of educational qualification, socio-economic condition, income source, broiler meat intake pattern, BMI range and food related diseases they have suffered. The peoples who eat broiler meat are much more prone to complicated diseases than the peoples who never eat it. So broiler meat intake pattern must be changed for better health. The widespread occurrence of Salmonella spp. and E. coli in poultry meat also reinforces the need for effective control measures.展开更多
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of feeding four levels of tuna oil on performance and fatty acid (FA) profiles of broiler chicken meat. 240 Ross broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 20 pe...The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of feeding four levels of tuna oil on performance and fatty acid (FA) profiles of broiler chicken meat. 240 Ross broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 20 pens and divided into four treatments: 0%, 0.75%, 1%, and 1.25% of tuna oil. At 49 days, breast and legs-thighs muscles were processed for FA analysis. Concentrations of FA in legs and thighs meat were significantly higher when compared with breast meat. In both types of meats (breast and legs-thighs), the inclusion of 1.0% or 1.25% of tuna oil in the diet significantly increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of n-3 FA (especially docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids). Fat in broiler breast contained a proportion of 29% saturated FA (SFA): 36% monosaturated FA (MFA): 35% polyunsaturated FA (PUFA);while legs and thighs meat had a proportion of 28% SFA: 38% MFA: 33% PUFA. The addition of tuna oil in the broiler diet significantly reduced the deposition of SFA, MFA, and PUFA in breast meat, while in legs and thighs these reductions were less noticeable. The significant reduction in the concentration of n-6 PUFA and the increment of n-3 PUFA were more evident in breast than in legs and thighs, and with the addition of 1% and 1.25% of tuna oil. The results of the present study suggest a difference in FA deposition attributable to supplementation with tuna oil. The addition of tuna oil could be recommendable to increase n-3 PUFA in both broiler chicken breast and legs-thighs meats, providing a healthier and functional chicken meat to consumer.展开更多
Background: Highly automated cage-rearing systems are becoming increasingly popular in China. However, a high stocking density can cause oxidative stress and decrease broiler performance. The tryptophan (TRP) deriv...Background: Highly automated cage-rearing systems are becoming increasingly popular in China. However, a high stocking density can cause oxidative stress and decrease broiler performance. The tryptophan (TRP) derivative 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HT) has been shown to preserve membrane fluidity in birds suffering from oxidative stress Therefore, this experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietan/TRP supplementation on performance, breast meat quality and oxidative stress in broilers reared in cages with a high or low stocking density. Methods: Female Arbor Acres broilers (25-d-old, n = 144) were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatments. The birds were fed a diet based on corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal and corn gluten meal containing either 0.18 or 0.27% TRP and were housed with stocking densities of 11 or 15.4 birds/m2 in a 2 x 2 factorial experiment. Broiler performance was evaluated from d 25 to 42. Eight birds from each treatment were slaughtered on d 42 and plasma and breast muscle samples were collected to measure biochemical indices. Results: A higher stocking density tended to be associated with reduced weight gain (P 〈 0.10), and significantly increased plasma glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity (P 〈 0.001). Increased dietary TRP significantly reduced the activities of lactic dehydrogenase and GPT while increasing total cholesterol in the plasma (P 〈 0.01), reducing drip loss of breast muscle (P 〈 0.10) and improving feed efficiency (P 〈 0.10). Conclusions: An increase in dietary TRP, ].S-fold higher than the standard supplementation level, can alleviate oxidative stress as well as improve welfare and feed efficiency in broilers reared in cages with a high stocking density.展开更多
To investigate the effects of a synthetic isoflavone (SI) on meat quality and oxidative stability, 1 500 43-d-old Lingnan yellow male broilers were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments: diets supplemented w...To investigate the effects of a synthetic isoflavone (SI) on meat quality and oxidative stability, 1 500 43-d-old Lingnan yellow male broilers were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments: diets supplemented with 0, 10, 20, 40, or 80 mg SI kg-1, fed ad libitum for a period of 3 wk. After refrigerated storage, a* value of the meat increased with dietary SI supplementation using 10 and 40 mg kg-1 level (P〈0.05), L* value decreased (P〈0.05), and 40 mg kg-j increased the pH (P〈0.05). Supplementation with SI, at all levels, increased water holding capacity (P〈0.05) and decreased lactic acid content of meat (P〈0.05). The concentration of malondialdehyde at 72 h decreased linearly (P=0.005) and quadratically (P=0.004) with increasing levels of SI. Dietary SI at 20 and 40 mg kg-1 levels enhanced total superoxide dismutase activity in meat (P〈0.05). Meat pH quadratically decreased as the storage time increased (P〈0.05), with the highest value at 24 h (P〈0.05). Lactic acid and malondialdehyde concentrations of meat increased over time, with value at 96 h being far higher than at earlier times (P〈0.05). Supplemental SI linearly and quadratically increased the mRNA abundance ofglutathione peroxidase (GPX) (P=0.001 and P=0.002) and catalase (CAT) (P=0.003 and P=0.006) in breast muscle. The results from this study indicate that dietary supplementation with SI can improve meat quality during refrigerated storage by decreasing lipid peroxidation and enhancing oxidative stability and, for male broilers from 43 to 63 d of age, the optimal level of SI was 40 mg kg-1.展开更多
[ Objective] To investigate the effects of non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) enzyme products on meat performance of broilers and thus to provide a scientific basis for their rational use. [Method] Two hundred 21-day-o...[ Objective] To investigate the effects of non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) enzyme products on meat performance of broilers and thus to provide a scientific basis for their rational use. [Method] Two hundred 21-day-old Ross broilers were assigned to five groups. The broilers in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ were fed positive control diet and negative control diet, respectively, which were slightly different. The broilers in group Ⅲ, Ⅳ and V were fed the negative control diet respectively supplemented with different commercial NSP enzyme products. The broilers were slaughtered at 56 days old, and their meat yield was determined. [ Result] The percentage of carcass yield and percentage of abdominal fat were significantly higher in the group Ⅲ than in the group Ⅱ (P 〈 0.05). The percentage of small intestine weight in slaughter weight was lower in the group Ⅱ than in other groups. [ Conclusion] Diets supplemented broad-rang and highly active NSP enzyme products can promote absorption of routine feed ingredients, increase meat yield, and improve meat performance.展开更多
[Objective] The study aimed to research the effect of several commercial NSP complex enzymes products on broiler meat quality, and provide scientific basis for feed enterprise and breeding farmers choosing NSP complex...[Objective] The study aimed to research the effect of several commercial NSP complex enzymes products on broiler meat quality, and provide scientific basis for feed enterprise and breeding farmers choosing NSP complex enzymes. [ Method] Two hundred ROSS broilers at age of 21 days were designed to five treatment groups, including the positive and negative control treatments, and Group 1 to 3 with feed additive of the commercial non-starch polysaccharide complex enzymes each on base of the negative group diet. At 56 days of age, broilers were killed and meat quality was analyzed. [ Result] The thigh meat color CIELAB a value for the negative control broilers was lower ( P 〈 0.05) than those of the positive control and Group 1. The drip loss of breast meat for Group 1 was the lowest, and the drip loss of thigh meat for the negative control was the highest among all treatments. The shear force for the negative control and Group 3 were higher than those of other three groups. There were no differences (P 〉 0.05) on the contents of chemical components, crude moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, and inosine acid for breast and thigh meat among all treatments. [ Conclusion] NSP complex enzymes with complete enzyme categories and high enzyme activity can improve meat quality in broilers.展开更多
Tropical regions across the globe are characterized by an annually prolonged hot weather conditions that showcase limiting production efficiency in livestock industry, as domesticated animals </span></span>...Tropical regions across the globe are characterized by an annually prolonged hot weather conditions that showcase limiting production efficiency in livestock industry, as domesticated animals </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">leave</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the zone of maximum comfort, under heat stress, with death and reduced carcass yield accompanying the subsequent alteration in body chemistry and behavior. However, pen house orientation, cooling systems, genetic modification and different dietary manipulations have been employed in poultry industry, but many of such did not account for the body’s acid-base equilibrium and the potentials of aggregate levels of dietary electrolytes in enhancing carcass yield of broilers under severe heat stress conditions. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of different electrolyte-balanced diets on overall performance, carcass yield, meat safety potentials and economic value of heat-stressed broilers reared for five weeks. Arbor Acre broiler chicks (n = 300) were randomly allotted to diets with aggregate electrolyte balance of 210 (T1), 240 (T2), 270 (T3), 300 (T4), 330 (T5) and 360 (T6) mEq/Kg, in a completely randomised design. On day 35, birds whose weights were closest to the mean class weight were selected from each replicate pen for carcass yield assessment. Also, data on performance and cost-benefit analysis were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">α</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">= </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.05. Electrolyte-balanced diets though contained salts that presumably could have improved satiety, yet they do not enhance appetite in heat-stressed broilers. However, dietary protein </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">efficiency was enhanced at an electrolyte balance levels of 240 and 270 mEq/k</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g, which translated into increased body weight gain. Weights of primal parts of birds on 270 mEq/kg DEB were highest at 35 days. Feed cost values (per kilogram weight gain) of rations with 240 mEq/kg and 270 mEq/kg DEB were lower and showcased promising economic buoyancy to both rural and commercial poultry farmers, while ensuring a high food safety standard under tropical conditions.展开更多
Background: Due to the important functions of arginine in poultry,it should be questioned whether the currently adopted dietary Arg:Lys ratios are sufficient to meet the modern broiler requirement in arginine.The pres...Background: Due to the important functions of arginine in poultry,it should be questioned whether the currently adopted dietary Arg:Lys ratios are sufficient to meet the modern broiler requirement in arginine.The present study aimed,therefore,to evaluate the effects of the dietary supplementation of L-arginine in a commercial broiler diet on productive performance,breast meat quality attributes,incidence and severity of breast muscle myopathies and foot pad dermatitis(FPD),and plasma and muscle metabolomics profile in fast-growing broilers.Results: A total of 1,170 1-day-old Ross 308 male chicks was divided into two experimental groups of 9 replicates each fed either a commercial basal diet(CON,digestible Arg:Lys ratio of 1.05,1.05,1.06 and 1.07 in each feeding phase,respectively) or the same basal diet supplemented on-top with crystalline L-arginine(ARG,digestible Arg:Lys ratio of 1.15,1.15,1.16 and 1.17,respectively).Productive parameters were determined at the end of each feeding phase(12,22,33,43 d).At slaughter(43 d),incidence and severity of FPD and breast myopathies were assessed,while plasma and breast muscle samples were collected and analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonancespectroscopy.The dietary supplementation of arginine significantly reduced cumulative feed conversion ratio compared to the control diet at 12 d(1.352 vs.1.401,P < 0.05),22 d(1.398 vs.1.420; P < 0.01) and 33 d(1.494 vs.1.524; P < 0.05),and also tended to improve it in the overall period of trial(1.646 vs.1.675; P = 0.09).Body weight was significantly increased in ARG compared to CON group at 33 d(1,884 vs.1,829 g; P < 0.05).No significant effect was observed on meat quality attributes,breast myopathies and FPD occurrence.ARG birds showed significantly higher plasma concentration of arginine and leucine,and lower of acetoacetate,glutamate,adenosine and proline.Arginine and acetate concentrations were higher,whereas acetone and inosine levels were lower in the breast of ARG birds(P < 0.05).Conclusions: Taken together,these data showed that increased digestible Arg:Lys ratio had positive effects on feed efficiency in broiler chickens probably via modulation of metabolites that play key roles in energy and protein metabolism.展开更多
Background: Meat color and lipid peroxidation are important traits related to meat quality. CO_2 concentration is a critical factor that can affect meat quality in the commercial use of gas stunning(GS). However, the ...Background: Meat color and lipid peroxidation are important traits related to meat quality. CO_2 concentration is a critical factor that can affect meat quality in the commercial use of gas stunning(GS). However, the effect and mechanism of CO_2 stunning on meat color and lipid peroxidation during long-term storage remain poorly studied. We aimed to study the effects of GS methods, especial y CO_2 concentration, on meat color and meat lipid peroxidation in broilers during long-term storage at 4 °C and to explore the potential mechanism of meat color change via lipid peroxidation and the inner lipid peroxide scavenging system.Methods: Eighteen broilers were sacrificed after exposure to one of the following gas mixtures for 90 s: 40% CO_2+21% O_2+ 39% N2(G40%), 79% CO_2+ 21% O_2(G79%), or no stunning(0% CO_2, control). Meat color, serum variables,enzyme activities, and the gene expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK), nuclear factor-erythroid2-related factor 2(Nrf2), glutathione S-transferase(GST) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were determined.(Continued on next page)Results: The concentrations of serum triiodothyronine(T3, P = 0.03) and the ratio of serum free triiodothyronine/free thyroxine(FT3/FT4, P < 0.01) were decreased, whereas levels of serum cortisol(P < 0.01) were increased in the 40%CO_2 group compared with the control group. Additionally, the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances(TBARS)3 d(P < 0.01) and TBARS6 d(P = 0.01) in breast meat and the TBARS3 din thigh meat(P < 0.01) were increased in the40% CO_2 group compared with the control group. Serum T3 was negatively correlated with TBARS6 dboth in the breast and thigh meat(r =-0.63, P < 0.01 and r =-0.47, P = 0.05 respectively). T3/T4 was negatively correlated with TBARS6 din the breast meat and in the thigh meat(r =-0.57, P = 0.01; and r =-0.53, P = 0.03 respectively). Compared with the control group, Lightness(L*)1 d(P = 0.03) and L*9 d(P < 0.01) were increased, whereas total chromatic aberration(E*)1 d(P = 0.05) and E*3 d(P < 0.01) were decreased in the breast meat of both the G40% and G79% groups. The values of yel owness(b*)3 d(P = 0.01), b*6 d(P < 0.01) and E*6 d(P < 0.01) in the thigh meat were lower in both the G40% and G79% groups than in the control group. In the breast muscle, the m RNA levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2(JNK2, P = 0.03),GSTT1(P = 0.04), and SOD1(P = 0.05) were decreased, and the m RNA levels of JNK1(P = 0.07), Nrf2(P = 0.09), and GSTA3(P = 0.06) were slightly lower in both the G40% and G79% groups compared with the control group. However, among these genes, only the m RNA level of JNK1 was decreased in the G40% group compared with the control group and the G79% group(P = 0.03) in the thigh muscle.Conclusions: Compared with the control group, meat color quality in the breast meat was decreased, and the expression of genes in the MAPK/Nrf2/ARE(antioxidant responsive element) antioxidant pathway in breast muscle was partly suppressed by GS of both 40% and 79% CO_2. However, oxidative stress and meat lipid peroxidation during storage were aggravated by GS with 40% CO_2 compared to GS with 79% CO_2 and no GS.展开更多
文摘Broiler meat is one of the most important protein sources for Bangladeshi people. Food-borne diseases associated with the consumption of poultry meat and its processed products are of public health concern worldwide. An investigation was conducted to assess the bacteriological quality of poultry meat from some poultry farms and its health impact on consumer of Nalitabari paurosova, Sherpur district, Bangladesh. Total 15 samples were randomly selected and collected from different poultry farms on the basis of farms level and size. Bacteriological quality of the samples was assessed by following the standard microbiological methods. The health impact was evaluated with the help of semi-structured based questionnaire of 400 peoples. The average value of TVC and TCC were found as 4.3 × 106 CFU/g and 3.6 × 104 CFU/g respectively. In this study, the prevalence of fecal coliform was recorded as 33% and the presence of E. coli in 53% samples. The mean value of Salmonella spp. of meat samples was 4.6 × 103 CFU/g. No Shigella spp., Vibrio spp. and fungal species were detected in any sample. Some selected isolates were tested for their sensitivity against some commercially available common antibiotics used in Bangladesh. E. coli was 80% resistance to Ampicillin and 90% sensitive to Ciprofloxacin whereas Salmonella spp. showed 100% resistance to Ampicillin and 80% sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin. The antibacterial activity of renowned medicinal plant Azadirachta indica was also evaluated against some multidrug resistance bacteria. The inhibitory zone of both 30% methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica was 12 mm and 12.3 mm, where 40% methanolic and ethanolic extracts were 14 mm and 16.3 mm against E. coli. The 40% ethanolic extract showed the better activity between them. The plant extract has no activity against Salmonella spp.. Awareness and health impact of broiler meat was determined among the people of different sectors on the basis of educational qualification, socio-economic condition, income source, broiler meat intake pattern, BMI range and food related diseases they have suffered. The peoples who eat broiler meat are much more prone to complicated diseases than the peoples who never eat it. So broiler meat intake pattern must be changed for better health. The widespread occurrence of Salmonella spp. and E. coli in poultry meat also reinforces the need for effective control measures.
文摘The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of feeding four levels of tuna oil on performance and fatty acid (FA) profiles of broiler chicken meat. 240 Ross broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 20 pens and divided into four treatments: 0%, 0.75%, 1%, and 1.25% of tuna oil. At 49 days, breast and legs-thighs muscles were processed for FA analysis. Concentrations of FA in legs and thighs meat were significantly higher when compared with breast meat. In both types of meats (breast and legs-thighs), the inclusion of 1.0% or 1.25% of tuna oil in the diet significantly increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of n-3 FA (especially docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids). Fat in broiler breast contained a proportion of 29% saturated FA (SFA): 36% monosaturated FA (MFA): 35% polyunsaturated FA (PUFA);while legs and thighs meat had a proportion of 28% SFA: 38% MFA: 33% PUFA. The addition of tuna oil in the broiler diet significantly reduced the deposition of SFA, MFA, and PUFA in breast meat, while in legs and thighs these reductions were less noticeable. The significant reduction in the concentration of n-6 PUFA and the increment of n-3 PUFA were more evident in breast than in legs and thighs, and with the addition of 1% and 1.25% of tuna oil. The results of the present study suggest a difference in FA deposition attributable to supplementation with tuna oil. The addition of tuna oil could be recommendable to increase n-3 PUFA in both broiler chicken breast and legs-thighs meats, providing a healthier and functional chicken meat to consumer.
基金supported by the System for Poultry Production Technology,Beijing Innovation Research Team of Modern Agriculture(CARSPSTP)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the 12~(th) five-year plan(2012BAD39B04)
文摘Background: Highly automated cage-rearing systems are becoming increasingly popular in China. However, a high stocking density can cause oxidative stress and decrease broiler performance. The tryptophan (TRP) derivative 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HT) has been shown to preserve membrane fluidity in birds suffering from oxidative stress Therefore, this experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietan/TRP supplementation on performance, breast meat quality and oxidative stress in broilers reared in cages with a high or low stocking density. Methods: Female Arbor Acres broilers (25-d-old, n = 144) were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatments. The birds were fed a diet based on corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal and corn gluten meal containing either 0.18 or 0.27% TRP and were housed with stocking densities of 11 or 15.4 birds/m2 in a 2 x 2 factorial experiment. Broiler performance was evaluated from d 25 to 42. Eight birds from each treatment were slaughtered on d 42 and plasma and breast muscle samples were collected to measure biochemical indices. Results: A higher stocking density tended to be associated with reduced weight gain (P 〈 0.10), and significantly increased plasma glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity (P 〈 0.001). Increased dietary TRP significantly reduced the activities of lactic dehydrogenase and GPT while increasing total cholesterol in the plasma (P 〈 0.01), reducing drip loss of breast muscle (P 〈 0.10) and improving feed efficiency (P 〈 0.10). Conclusions: An increase in dietary TRP, ].S-fold higher than the standard supplementation level, can alleviate oxidative stress as well as improve welfare and feed efficiency in broilers reared in cages with a high stocking density.
基金supported by Grant Agreement from Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Fund Committee (S2012010010432)the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System (CARS-42) from Ministry of Agriculture,China
文摘To investigate the effects of a synthetic isoflavone (SI) on meat quality and oxidative stability, 1 500 43-d-old Lingnan yellow male broilers were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments: diets supplemented with 0, 10, 20, 40, or 80 mg SI kg-1, fed ad libitum for a period of 3 wk. After refrigerated storage, a* value of the meat increased with dietary SI supplementation using 10 and 40 mg kg-1 level (P〈0.05), L* value decreased (P〈0.05), and 40 mg kg-j increased the pH (P〈0.05). Supplementation with SI, at all levels, increased water holding capacity (P〈0.05) and decreased lactic acid content of meat (P〈0.05). The concentration of malondialdehyde at 72 h decreased linearly (P=0.005) and quadratically (P=0.004) with increasing levels of SI. Dietary SI at 20 and 40 mg kg-1 levels enhanced total superoxide dismutase activity in meat (P〈0.05). Meat pH quadratically decreased as the storage time increased (P〈0.05), with the highest value at 24 h (P〈0.05). Lactic acid and malondialdehyde concentrations of meat increased over time, with value at 96 h being far higher than at earlier times (P〈0.05). Supplemental SI linearly and quadratically increased the mRNA abundance ofglutathione peroxidase (GPX) (P=0.001 and P=0.002) and catalase (CAT) (P=0.003 and P=0.006) in breast muscle. The results from this study indicate that dietary supplementation with SI can improve meat quality during refrigerated storage by decreasing lipid peroxidation and enhancing oxidative stability and, for male broilers from 43 to 63 d of age, the optimal level of SI was 40 mg kg-1.
基金funded by the Action Project of Scientists and Technicians Serving Enterprises of the Ministry of Science and Technology (2009GJF30046)Key Technology R&D Program of Yunnan Province (2008LA006 )+1 种基金Kunming Science and Technology Project (08G100112)Yunnan Innovative Enterprise Pilot Project
文摘[ Objective] To investigate the effects of non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) enzyme products on meat performance of broilers and thus to provide a scientific basis for their rational use. [Method] Two hundred 21-day-old Ross broilers were assigned to five groups. The broilers in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ were fed positive control diet and negative control diet, respectively, which were slightly different. The broilers in group Ⅲ, Ⅳ and V were fed the negative control diet respectively supplemented with different commercial NSP enzyme products. The broilers were slaughtered at 56 days old, and their meat yield was determined. [ Result] The percentage of carcass yield and percentage of abdominal fat were significantly higher in the group Ⅲ than in the group Ⅱ (P 〈 0.05). The percentage of small intestine weight in slaughter weight was lower in the group Ⅱ than in other groups. [ Conclusion] Diets supplemented broad-rang and highly active NSP enzyme products can promote absorption of routine feed ingredients, increase meat yield, and improve meat performance.
基金funded by the State Ministry of Science and Technology’s scientific and technical personnel serving enterprises action project (2009GJF30046)Key project of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province (2008LA006)+1 种基金Science and Technology Bureau Project of Kunming City (08G100112)Yunnan Innovation-oriented Enterprises Trial Projects’Imbursement
文摘[Objective] The study aimed to research the effect of several commercial NSP complex enzymes products on broiler meat quality, and provide scientific basis for feed enterprise and breeding farmers choosing NSP complex enzymes. [ Method] Two hundred ROSS broilers at age of 21 days were designed to five treatment groups, including the positive and negative control treatments, and Group 1 to 3 with feed additive of the commercial non-starch polysaccharide complex enzymes each on base of the negative group diet. At 56 days of age, broilers were killed and meat quality was analyzed. [ Result] The thigh meat color CIELAB a value for the negative control broilers was lower ( P 〈 0.05) than those of the positive control and Group 1. The drip loss of breast meat for Group 1 was the lowest, and the drip loss of thigh meat for the negative control was the highest among all treatments. The shear force for the negative control and Group 3 were higher than those of other three groups. There were no differences (P 〉 0.05) on the contents of chemical components, crude moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, and inosine acid for breast and thigh meat among all treatments. [ Conclusion] NSP complex enzymes with complete enzyme categories and high enzyme activity can improve meat quality in broilers.
文摘Tropical regions across the globe are characterized by an annually prolonged hot weather conditions that showcase limiting production efficiency in livestock industry, as domesticated animals </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">leave</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the zone of maximum comfort, under heat stress, with death and reduced carcass yield accompanying the subsequent alteration in body chemistry and behavior. However, pen house orientation, cooling systems, genetic modification and different dietary manipulations have been employed in poultry industry, but many of such did not account for the body’s acid-base equilibrium and the potentials of aggregate levels of dietary electrolytes in enhancing carcass yield of broilers under severe heat stress conditions. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of different electrolyte-balanced diets on overall performance, carcass yield, meat safety potentials and economic value of heat-stressed broilers reared for five weeks. Arbor Acre broiler chicks (n = 300) were randomly allotted to diets with aggregate electrolyte balance of 210 (T1), 240 (T2), 270 (T3), 300 (T4), 330 (T5) and 360 (T6) mEq/Kg, in a completely randomised design. On day 35, birds whose weights were closest to the mean class weight were selected from each replicate pen for carcass yield assessment. Also, data on performance and cost-benefit analysis were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">α</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">= </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.05. Electrolyte-balanced diets though contained salts that presumably could have improved satiety, yet they do not enhance appetite in heat-stressed broilers. However, dietary protein </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">efficiency was enhanced at an electrolyte balance levels of 240 and 270 mEq/k</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g, which translated into increased body weight gain. Weights of primal parts of birds on 270 mEq/kg DEB were highest at 35 days. Feed cost values (per kilogram weight gain) of rations with 240 mEq/kg and 270 mEq/kg DEB were lower and showcased promising economic buoyancy to both rural and commercial poultry farmers, while ensuring a high food safety standard under tropical conditions.
文摘Background: Due to the important functions of arginine in poultry,it should be questioned whether the currently adopted dietary Arg:Lys ratios are sufficient to meet the modern broiler requirement in arginine.The present study aimed,therefore,to evaluate the effects of the dietary supplementation of L-arginine in a commercial broiler diet on productive performance,breast meat quality attributes,incidence and severity of breast muscle myopathies and foot pad dermatitis(FPD),and plasma and muscle metabolomics profile in fast-growing broilers.Results: A total of 1,170 1-day-old Ross 308 male chicks was divided into two experimental groups of 9 replicates each fed either a commercial basal diet(CON,digestible Arg:Lys ratio of 1.05,1.05,1.06 and 1.07 in each feeding phase,respectively) or the same basal diet supplemented on-top with crystalline L-arginine(ARG,digestible Arg:Lys ratio of 1.15,1.15,1.16 and 1.17,respectively).Productive parameters were determined at the end of each feeding phase(12,22,33,43 d).At slaughter(43 d),incidence and severity of FPD and breast myopathies were assessed,while plasma and breast muscle samples were collected and analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonancespectroscopy.The dietary supplementation of arginine significantly reduced cumulative feed conversion ratio compared to the control diet at 12 d(1.352 vs.1.401,P < 0.05),22 d(1.398 vs.1.420; P < 0.01) and 33 d(1.494 vs.1.524; P < 0.05),and also tended to improve it in the overall period of trial(1.646 vs.1.675; P = 0.09).Body weight was significantly increased in ARG compared to CON group at 33 d(1,884 vs.1,829 g; P < 0.05).No significant effect was observed on meat quality attributes,breast myopathies and FPD occurrence.ARG birds showed significantly higher plasma concentration of arginine and leucine,and lower of acetoacetate,glutamate,adenosine and proline.Arginine and acetate concentrations were higher,whereas acetone and inosine levels were lower in the breast of ARG birds(P < 0.05).Conclusions: Taken together,these data showed that increased digestible Arg:Lys ratio had positive effects on feed efficiency in broiler chickens probably via modulation of metabolites that play key roles in energy and protein metabolism.
基金financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(31601978)the China Agriculture Research System-Beijing Team for Poultry Industrythe Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)
文摘Background: Meat color and lipid peroxidation are important traits related to meat quality. CO_2 concentration is a critical factor that can affect meat quality in the commercial use of gas stunning(GS). However, the effect and mechanism of CO_2 stunning on meat color and lipid peroxidation during long-term storage remain poorly studied. We aimed to study the effects of GS methods, especial y CO_2 concentration, on meat color and meat lipid peroxidation in broilers during long-term storage at 4 °C and to explore the potential mechanism of meat color change via lipid peroxidation and the inner lipid peroxide scavenging system.Methods: Eighteen broilers were sacrificed after exposure to one of the following gas mixtures for 90 s: 40% CO_2+21% O_2+ 39% N2(G40%), 79% CO_2+ 21% O_2(G79%), or no stunning(0% CO_2, control). Meat color, serum variables,enzyme activities, and the gene expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK), nuclear factor-erythroid2-related factor 2(Nrf2), glutathione S-transferase(GST) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were determined.(Continued on next page)Results: The concentrations of serum triiodothyronine(T3, P = 0.03) and the ratio of serum free triiodothyronine/free thyroxine(FT3/FT4, P < 0.01) were decreased, whereas levels of serum cortisol(P < 0.01) were increased in the 40%CO_2 group compared with the control group. Additionally, the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances(TBARS)3 d(P < 0.01) and TBARS6 d(P = 0.01) in breast meat and the TBARS3 din thigh meat(P < 0.01) were increased in the40% CO_2 group compared with the control group. Serum T3 was negatively correlated with TBARS6 dboth in the breast and thigh meat(r =-0.63, P < 0.01 and r =-0.47, P = 0.05 respectively). T3/T4 was negatively correlated with TBARS6 din the breast meat and in the thigh meat(r =-0.57, P = 0.01; and r =-0.53, P = 0.03 respectively). Compared with the control group, Lightness(L*)1 d(P = 0.03) and L*9 d(P < 0.01) were increased, whereas total chromatic aberration(E*)1 d(P = 0.05) and E*3 d(P < 0.01) were decreased in the breast meat of both the G40% and G79% groups. The values of yel owness(b*)3 d(P = 0.01), b*6 d(P < 0.01) and E*6 d(P < 0.01) in the thigh meat were lower in both the G40% and G79% groups than in the control group. In the breast muscle, the m RNA levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2(JNK2, P = 0.03),GSTT1(P = 0.04), and SOD1(P = 0.05) were decreased, and the m RNA levels of JNK1(P = 0.07), Nrf2(P = 0.09), and GSTA3(P = 0.06) were slightly lower in both the G40% and G79% groups compared with the control group. However, among these genes, only the m RNA level of JNK1 was decreased in the G40% group compared with the control group and the G79% group(P = 0.03) in the thigh muscle.Conclusions: Compared with the control group, meat color quality in the breast meat was decreased, and the expression of genes in the MAPK/Nrf2/ARE(antioxidant responsive element) antioxidant pathway in breast muscle was partly suppressed by GS of both 40% and 79% CO_2. However, oxidative stress and meat lipid peroxidation during storage were aggravated by GS with 40% CO_2 compared to GS with 79% CO_2 and no GS.