Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a multifocal IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity reaction that affects sino-nasal mucosa and is characterized by excessive sneezing, watery rhinorrhea, nasal itching, nasal stuff...Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a multifocal IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity reaction that affects sino-nasal mucosa and is characterized by excessive sneezing, watery rhinorrhea, nasal itching, nasal stuffiness and eyes itching. Bronchial asthma (BA) is one of the common childhood diseases that affects the respiratory system characterized by recurrent cough, wheezing, chest tightness and difficulty with breathing. The two conditions are different manifestations of allergic disease of the airway;the composition of the inflammatory substrate in the mucosa of allergic patients is similar to the late-phase allergic response seen elsewhere in the respiratory tract, such as in bronchial asthma. Aim: The aim was to compare the impacts of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma on tympanometric parameters in children. Patients & Methods: This is a hospital based comparative cross-sectional study. Two groups of participants aged 4 - 12 years, one group with documented clinical diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and the other group with documented clinical diagnosis of bronchial asthma were consecutively selected from ear, nose and throat (ENT) and pediatrics cardiopulmonary outpatient clinics of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano respectively. Equal number of children aged 4 - 12 years with no history of ENT diseases or bronchial asthma that were selected from elementary schools within the same community served as a control group. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was filled out for all the participants, complete ENT and chest examinations were carried out and subsequently all the selected participants had tympanometry done, findings were recorded and analyzed. Results: The mean age of participants with bronchial asthma was found to be 7.5 ± 2.6 years while participants with allergic rhinitis had the mean age of 6.8 ± 2.1 years. The mean middle ear pressure (MEP) of participants with bronchial asthma was found to be -15.22 dapa and -40.32 dapa in those with allergic rhinitis. Acoustic reflex was found to be absent in 15.4% of the participants with bronchial asthma and 29.6% of allergic rhinitis participants. Type B tympanogram was found in 2.8% of bronchial asthma participants and 7.3% in participants with allergic rhinitis. Type C tympanogram was found in 4.6% of participants with bronchial asthma and 15.5% of participants with allergic rhinitis. Type A tympanogram was found in 90% of participants with bronchial asthma and 75% of participants with allergic rhinitis. The difference between type A, B and C tympanograms of participants with bronchial asthma and those with allergic rhinitis was found to be statistically significant (Type A χ<sup>2</sup> = 14.62, df = 4, p value = 0.01, Type B χ<sup>2</sup> = 14.06, df = 4, p value = 0.01, Type C χ<sup>2</sup> = 17.01, df = 6, p value = 0.01). Conclusion: Participants with allergic rhinitis were found to have more abnormalities of tympanometric parameters compared to participants with bronchial asthma which signifies allergic rhinitis conferred an increased risk of having middle ear diseases and otitis media with effusion compared to bronchial asthma.展开更多
Today the most important challenge facing the pediatrician is the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases. With this regard, pediatricians play a key role in the management of these conditions. The closeness with th...Today the most important challenge facing the pediatrician is the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases. With this regard, pediatricians play a key role in the management of these conditions. The closeness with the family, the knowledge of the clinical case and the care continuity allow the pediatrician to acquire a position of director of every case. When pathological events have a chronic feature, suddenly the quality of life of the whole family changes. For this reason the first communication of chronic disease is very important and the task of the pediatrician should be to provide a positive message to help the family in facing the difficulty of this new challenge. The bronchial asthma is the most common chronic disease worldwide. The incidence, the prevalence, and the mortality of the disease have increased in children over the past decades. These trends are particularly marked above all in preschool children. The success reached by Pediatricians is closely related to the compliance and the implementation of the therapy followed by the little patient and his family. With this regard authors, in this review, focus on the illustration of several strategies, based on the pediatrician’ skills and medicine documents, that can be used for the improvement of communication among pedia- trician-family and child, never forgetting the hu- man aspect of the same doctor, that should con- ciliate with the scientific knowledge in the taking care of a specific chronic disease.展开更多
目的分析肺部康复训练在沙丁胺醇治疗重度支气管哮喘急性发作患儿中对气道炎症因子和肺功能的影响,为临床治疗重度支气管哮喘急性发作提供治疗依据。方法选取郑州大学第三附属医院2021年9月至2023年2月收治的102例重度支气管哮喘急性发...目的分析肺部康复训练在沙丁胺醇治疗重度支气管哮喘急性发作患儿中对气道炎症因子和肺功能的影响,为临床治疗重度支气管哮喘急性发作提供治疗依据。方法选取郑州大学第三附属医院2021年9月至2023年2月收治的102例重度支气管哮喘急性发作患儿进行前瞻性研究,采用随机数字表法将其分为两组(参照组、治疗组),每组51例。参照组男32例、女19例;年龄5~12(7.32±1.85)岁;病程2~18(12.30±1.28)个月;体质量12~27(21.65±2.08)kg。治疗组男28例、女23例;年龄6~13(7.94±1.16)岁;病程2~17(11.89±2.31)个月;体质量11~28(22.32±2.17)kg。入院后两组患儿均予以布地奈德抗感染治疗,参照组采用沙丁胺醇治疗,治疗组采用沙丁胺醇联合肺部康复训练,两组患儿治疗周期均为1个月。比较两组患儿临床效果,临床症状(呼吸困难、咳嗽、喘息、哮鸣音、湿啰音)消失时间,治疗前及治疗后1个月炎症因子水平[白细胞介素-4(interleukin-4,IL-4)、IL-18、IL-1β、嗜酸性粒细胞(eosinophils,EOS)]、肺功能[用力呼出50%肺活量时的瞬间呼气流量(forced expiratory flow at 50%,FEF50%)、呼气峰值流量(peak expiratory flow,PEF)、第1秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in the first second,FEV1)、用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)]。统计学方法采用t检验、χ^(2)检验。结果治疗组经治疗后临床总有效率比参照组高[96.08%(49/51)比82.35%(42/51)](χ^(2)=4.993,P<0.05)。与参照组[(5.23±1.03)d、(4.32±1.30)d、(2.36±0.26)d、(6.22±1.63)d、(5.89±1.07)d]比较,治疗组呼吸困难、咳嗽、喘息、哮鸣音、湿啰音消失时间[(2.25±0.69)d、(2.03±0.85)d、(2.23±0.32)d、(5.63±1.10)d、(3.62±1.04)d]均较短,差异均有统计学意义(t=17.166、10.529、2.252、2.143、10.864,均P<0.05)。治疗1个月后,治疗组血清IL-4、IL-18、IL-1β、EOS水平均比参照组低[(25.30±3.96)ng/L比(28.30±3.47)ng/L,(92.03±7.36)ng/L比(100.65±8.66)ng/L,(2.03±0.26)ng/L比(2.89±0.32)ng/L,(1.06±0.39)%比(2.84±0.52)%],差异均有统计学意义(t=4.069、5.417、14.896、19.557,均P<0.05)。治疗1个月后,治疗组FEF50%、PEF、FEV1、FVC水平均比参照组高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论重度支气管哮喘急性发作患儿在沙丁胺醇治疗时采用肺部康复训练可使临床效果得到提升,缩短临床呼吸困难、咳嗽等症状消失时间,缓解气道炎症反应,促进患儿肺功能恢复,从而加快患儿康复。展开更多
目的探究学龄期支气管哮喘患儿运动恐惧症现状及影响因素。方法选取2020年1月至2022年1月于南京医科大学附属儿童医院呼吸科就诊的206例学龄期支气管哮喘患儿为研究对象,依据运动恐惧症量表(tampa scale for kinesophobia,TSK)对患儿运...目的探究学龄期支气管哮喘患儿运动恐惧症现状及影响因素。方法选取2020年1月至2022年1月于南京医科大学附属儿童医院呼吸科就诊的206例学龄期支气管哮喘患儿为研究对象,依据运动恐惧症量表(tampa scale for kinesophobia,TSK)对患儿运动恐惧症水平进行评估,并探究患儿运动恐惧症水平的影响因素。统计学方法采用t检验、单因素方差分析、Pearson相关性分析和多元线性回归分析。结果患儿TSK评分平均为(38.6±6.4)分。Pearson相关性分析显示,学龄期支气管哮喘患儿TSK评分与儿童社交焦虑自评量表(self-rating social anxiety scale for children,SASC)总分(r=0.384)以及害怕否定评价(r=0.416)、社会回避及苦恼(r=0.359)、消极应对(r=0.310)、儿童用家庭功能评估量表(family functioning assessment scale for children,FFAS-C)总分(r=0.375)及家庭优势(r=0.332)、家庭困难(r=0.418)、家庭沟通(r=0.449)维度呈正相关(P值均<0.001),与积极应对呈负相关(r=-0.381,P<0.001)。多元回归分析结果显示,患儿服药依从性(t=3.557,95%CI:-1.788~-0.519)、亲子关系(t=3.458,95%CI:-1.490~-0.412)、SASC评分(t=2.156,95%CI:0.021~0.449)、积极应对评分(t=3.608,95%CI:-0.768~-0.228)、消极应对评分(t=3.314,95%CI:0.185~0.723)、FFAS-C评分(t=4.527,95%CI:0.973~0.385)是患儿TSK评分的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论学龄期支气管哮喘患儿的运动恐惧症处于中等偏上水平,且受多种因素影响。临床上应加强对相关影响因素的关注,早期识别并及早采取防范与干预,以减轻运动恐惧症对其身心健康状况的不良影响。展开更多
目的探讨脉冲振荡(impulse oscillometry,IOS)肺功能检测在儿童支气管舒张试验中的诊断价值,确定脉冲振荡肺功能各指标舒张试验的阳性标准。方法本研究选取2021年1月—2022年8月在四川大学华西第二医院就诊的86例儿童为研究对象,年龄在4...目的探讨脉冲振荡(impulse oscillometry,IOS)肺功能检测在儿童支气管舒张试验中的诊断价值,确定脉冲振荡肺功能各指标舒张试验的阳性标准。方法本研究选取2021年1月—2022年8月在四川大学华西第二医院就诊的86例儿童为研究对象,年龄在4~14岁。其中,哮喘门诊就诊患儿为哮喘组(51例),健康体检儿童为对照组(35例)。两组患者均在吸入沙丁胺醇前后进行常规肺通气功能测定和IOS肺功能检测,以第一秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)≥12%作为标准,比较两组受试者在支气管舒张试验前后IOS各参数的差异,确定IOS舒张试验的阳性标准。结果舒张试验前,哮喘组肺通气功能测定指标FEV1/FVC、FEV1为(82.64±7.53)和(78.64±16.49),对照组为(99.27±6.16)和(98.19±9.02),吸入沙丁胺醇后哮喘组FEV1改善率≥12%,而对照组<12%。支气管舒张试验后,哮喘组和对照组IOS肺功能各参数均有不同程度改善。ROC结果显示,IOS各指标中,振荡频率为5Hz时的呼吸总阻抗(Z5)、周边弹性阻力(X5)、气道黏性阻力(R5)等指标对于支气管舒张试验阳性有较好的诊断价值。以Z5下降≥13.91%、X5下降≥14.78%、R5下降≥14.96%为脉冲振荡肺功能支气管舒张试验阳性的分界点,敏感性和特异性较高。结论支气管舒张试验后,Z5下降≥13.91%、X5下降≥14.78%、R5下降≥14.96%可以判断支气管舒张试验阳性。展开更多
文摘Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a multifocal IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity reaction that affects sino-nasal mucosa and is characterized by excessive sneezing, watery rhinorrhea, nasal itching, nasal stuffiness and eyes itching. Bronchial asthma (BA) is one of the common childhood diseases that affects the respiratory system characterized by recurrent cough, wheezing, chest tightness and difficulty with breathing. The two conditions are different manifestations of allergic disease of the airway;the composition of the inflammatory substrate in the mucosa of allergic patients is similar to the late-phase allergic response seen elsewhere in the respiratory tract, such as in bronchial asthma. Aim: The aim was to compare the impacts of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma on tympanometric parameters in children. Patients & Methods: This is a hospital based comparative cross-sectional study. Two groups of participants aged 4 - 12 years, one group with documented clinical diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and the other group with documented clinical diagnosis of bronchial asthma were consecutively selected from ear, nose and throat (ENT) and pediatrics cardiopulmonary outpatient clinics of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano respectively. Equal number of children aged 4 - 12 years with no history of ENT diseases or bronchial asthma that were selected from elementary schools within the same community served as a control group. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was filled out for all the participants, complete ENT and chest examinations were carried out and subsequently all the selected participants had tympanometry done, findings were recorded and analyzed. Results: The mean age of participants with bronchial asthma was found to be 7.5 ± 2.6 years while participants with allergic rhinitis had the mean age of 6.8 ± 2.1 years. The mean middle ear pressure (MEP) of participants with bronchial asthma was found to be -15.22 dapa and -40.32 dapa in those with allergic rhinitis. Acoustic reflex was found to be absent in 15.4% of the participants with bronchial asthma and 29.6% of allergic rhinitis participants. Type B tympanogram was found in 2.8% of bronchial asthma participants and 7.3% in participants with allergic rhinitis. Type C tympanogram was found in 4.6% of participants with bronchial asthma and 15.5% of participants with allergic rhinitis. Type A tympanogram was found in 90% of participants with bronchial asthma and 75% of participants with allergic rhinitis. The difference between type A, B and C tympanograms of participants with bronchial asthma and those with allergic rhinitis was found to be statistically significant (Type A χ<sup>2</sup> = 14.62, df = 4, p value = 0.01, Type B χ<sup>2</sup> = 14.06, df = 4, p value = 0.01, Type C χ<sup>2</sup> = 17.01, df = 6, p value = 0.01). Conclusion: Participants with allergic rhinitis were found to have more abnormalities of tympanometric parameters compared to participants with bronchial asthma which signifies allergic rhinitis conferred an increased risk of having middle ear diseases and otitis media with effusion compared to bronchial asthma.
文摘Today the most important challenge facing the pediatrician is the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases. With this regard, pediatricians play a key role in the management of these conditions. The closeness with the family, the knowledge of the clinical case and the care continuity allow the pediatrician to acquire a position of director of every case. When pathological events have a chronic feature, suddenly the quality of life of the whole family changes. For this reason the first communication of chronic disease is very important and the task of the pediatrician should be to provide a positive message to help the family in facing the difficulty of this new challenge. The bronchial asthma is the most common chronic disease worldwide. The incidence, the prevalence, and the mortality of the disease have increased in children over the past decades. These trends are particularly marked above all in preschool children. The success reached by Pediatricians is closely related to the compliance and the implementation of the therapy followed by the little patient and his family. With this regard authors, in this review, focus on the illustration of several strategies, based on the pediatrician’ skills and medicine documents, that can be used for the improvement of communication among pedia- trician-family and child, never forgetting the hu- man aspect of the same doctor, that should con- ciliate with the scientific knowledge in the taking care of a specific chronic disease.
文摘目的分析肺部康复训练在沙丁胺醇治疗重度支气管哮喘急性发作患儿中对气道炎症因子和肺功能的影响,为临床治疗重度支气管哮喘急性发作提供治疗依据。方法选取郑州大学第三附属医院2021年9月至2023年2月收治的102例重度支气管哮喘急性发作患儿进行前瞻性研究,采用随机数字表法将其分为两组(参照组、治疗组),每组51例。参照组男32例、女19例;年龄5~12(7.32±1.85)岁;病程2~18(12.30±1.28)个月;体质量12~27(21.65±2.08)kg。治疗组男28例、女23例;年龄6~13(7.94±1.16)岁;病程2~17(11.89±2.31)个月;体质量11~28(22.32±2.17)kg。入院后两组患儿均予以布地奈德抗感染治疗,参照组采用沙丁胺醇治疗,治疗组采用沙丁胺醇联合肺部康复训练,两组患儿治疗周期均为1个月。比较两组患儿临床效果,临床症状(呼吸困难、咳嗽、喘息、哮鸣音、湿啰音)消失时间,治疗前及治疗后1个月炎症因子水平[白细胞介素-4(interleukin-4,IL-4)、IL-18、IL-1β、嗜酸性粒细胞(eosinophils,EOS)]、肺功能[用力呼出50%肺活量时的瞬间呼气流量(forced expiratory flow at 50%,FEF50%)、呼气峰值流量(peak expiratory flow,PEF)、第1秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in the first second,FEV1)、用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)]。统计学方法采用t检验、χ^(2)检验。结果治疗组经治疗后临床总有效率比参照组高[96.08%(49/51)比82.35%(42/51)](χ^(2)=4.993,P<0.05)。与参照组[(5.23±1.03)d、(4.32±1.30)d、(2.36±0.26)d、(6.22±1.63)d、(5.89±1.07)d]比较,治疗组呼吸困难、咳嗽、喘息、哮鸣音、湿啰音消失时间[(2.25±0.69)d、(2.03±0.85)d、(2.23±0.32)d、(5.63±1.10)d、(3.62±1.04)d]均较短,差异均有统计学意义(t=17.166、10.529、2.252、2.143、10.864,均P<0.05)。治疗1个月后,治疗组血清IL-4、IL-18、IL-1β、EOS水平均比参照组低[(25.30±3.96)ng/L比(28.30±3.47)ng/L,(92.03±7.36)ng/L比(100.65±8.66)ng/L,(2.03±0.26)ng/L比(2.89±0.32)ng/L,(1.06±0.39)%比(2.84±0.52)%],差异均有统计学意义(t=4.069、5.417、14.896、19.557,均P<0.05)。治疗1个月后,治疗组FEF50%、PEF、FEV1、FVC水平均比参照组高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论重度支气管哮喘急性发作患儿在沙丁胺醇治疗时采用肺部康复训练可使临床效果得到提升,缩短临床呼吸困难、咳嗽等症状消失时间,缓解气道炎症反应,促进患儿肺功能恢复,从而加快患儿康复。
文摘目的探究学龄期支气管哮喘患儿运动恐惧症现状及影响因素。方法选取2020年1月至2022年1月于南京医科大学附属儿童医院呼吸科就诊的206例学龄期支气管哮喘患儿为研究对象,依据运动恐惧症量表(tampa scale for kinesophobia,TSK)对患儿运动恐惧症水平进行评估,并探究患儿运动恐惧症水平的影响因素。统计学方法采用t检验、单因素方差分析、Pearson相关性分析和多元线性回归分析。结果患儿TSK评分平均为(38.6±6.4)分。Pearson相关性分析显示,学龄期支气管哮喘患儿TSK评分与儿童社交焦虑自评量表(self-rating social anxiety scale for children,SASC)总分(r=0.384)以及害怕否定评价(r=0.416)、社会回避及苦恼(r=0.359)、消极应对(r=0.310)、儿童用家庭功能评估量表(family functioning assessment scale for children,FFAS-C)总分(r=0.375)及家庭优势(r=0.332)、家庭困难(r=0.418)、家庭沟通(r=0.449)维度呈正相关(P值均<0.001),与积极应对呈负相关(r=-0.381,P<0.001)。多元回归分析结果显示,患儿服药依从性(t=3.557,95%CI:-1.788~-0.519)、亲子关系(t=3.458,95%CI:-1.490~-0.412)、SASC评分(t=2.156,95%CI:0.021~0.449)、积极应对评分(t=3.608,95%CI:-0.768~-0.228)、消极应对评分(t=3.314,95%CI:0.185~0.723)、FFAS-C评分(t=4.527,95%CI:0.973~0.385)是患儿TSK评分的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论学龄期支气管哮喘患儿的运动恐惧症处于中等偏上水平,且受多种因素影响。临床上应加强对相关影响因素的关注,早期识别并及早采取防范与干预,以减轻运动恐惧症对其身心健康状况的不良影响。
文摘目的探讨脉冲振荡(impulse oscillometry,IOS)肺功能检测在儿童支气管舒张试验中的诊断价值,确定脉冲振荡肺功能各指标舒张试验的阳性标准。方法本研究选取2021年1月—2022年8月在四川大学华西第二医院就诊的86例儿童为研究对象,年龄在4~14岁。其中,哮喘门诊就诊患儿为哮喘组(51例),健康体检儿童为对照组(35例)。两组患者均在吸入沙丁胺醇前后进行常规肺通气功能测定和IOS肺功能检测,以第一秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)≥12%作为标准,比较两组受试者在支气管舒张试验前后IOS各参数的差异,确定IOS舒张试验的阳性标准。结果舒张试验前,哮喘组肺通气功能测定指标FEV1/FVC、FEV1为(82.64±7.53)和(78.64±16.49),对照组为(99.27±6.16)和(98.19±9.02),吸入沙丁胺醇后哮喘组FEV1改善率≥12%,而对照组<12%。支气管舒张试验后,哮喘组和对照组IOS肺功能各参数均有不同程度改善。ROC结果显示,IOS各指标中,振荡频率为5Hz时的呼吸总阻抗(Z5)、周边弹性阻力(X5)、气道黏性阻力(R5)等指标对于支气管舒张试验阳性有较好的诊断价值。以Z5下降≥13.91%、X5下降≥14.78%、R5下降≥14.96%为脉冲振荡肺功能支气管舒张试验阳性的分界点,敏感性和特异性较高。结论支气管舒张试验后,Z5下降≥13.91%、X5下降≥14.78%、R5下降≥14.96%可以判断支气管舒张试验阳性。
