Pneumocystis jirovecii diagnosed by next-generation sequencing of bronchoscopic alveolar lavage fluid: A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND The advent of molecular targeted agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors has greatly improved the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma(RCC), thus significantly improving patient survival. The incidence of rare drug-related adverse events has gained increased attention.CASE SUMMARY We report a patient with advanced RCC treated with multiple lines of molecular targeted agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors, who developed a pulmonary infection after treatment with everolimus in combination with lenvatinib. Determining the pathogenic organism was difficult, but it was eventually identified as Pneumocystis jirovecii by next-generation sequencing(NGS) of bronchoscopic alveolar lavage fluid(BALF) and successfully treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.CONCLUSION Rare pulmonary infections caused by molecular targeted agents are not uncommon in clinical practice, but their diagnosis is difficult. Evaluating BALF with NGS is a good method for rapid diagnosis of such infections.

Virtual bronchoscopic navigation without fluoroscopy guidance for peripheral pulmonary lesions in inexperienced pulmonologist

Objective:Fluoroscopy guidance is generally required for endobronchial ultrasonography with guide sheath(EBUS-GS)in peripheral pulmonary lesions(PPLs).Virtual bronchoscopic navigation(VBN)can guide the bronchoscope by creating virtual images of the bronchial route to the lesion.The diagnostic yield and safety profiles of VBN without fluoroscopy for PPLs have not been evaluated in inexperienced pulmonologist performing EBUS-GS.Methods:Between January 2016 and June 2017,consecutive patients with PPLs referred for EBUS-GS at a single cancer center were enrolled.The diagnostic yield as well as safety profiles was retrospectively analyzed,and our preliminary experience was shared.Results:A total of 109 patients with 109 lesions were included,99(90.8%)lesions were visible on EBUS imaging.According to the procedure time needed to locate the lesion on EBUS,24.8%(27/109)were deemed technically difficult procedures;however,no significant relationships were identified between candidate parameters and technically difficult procedures.The overall diagnosis yield was 74.3%(81/109),and the diagnostic yield of malignancy was 83.7%(77/92).Lesions larger than 20 mm[odds ratio(OR),2.758;95%confidence interval(95%CI),1.077-7.062;P=0.034]and probe of within type(OR,3.174;95%CI,1.151-8.757,P=0.026)were independent factors leading to a better diagnostic yield in multivariate analysis.About 30 practice procedures were needed to achieve a stable diagnostic yield,and the proportion of technically difficult procedures decreased and stabilized after 70 practice procedures.Regarding complications,one patient(0.9%)had intraoperative hemorrhage(100 mL)which was managed under endoscopy.Conclusions:VBN without fluoroscopy guidance is still useful and safe for PPLs diagnosis,especially for malignant diseases when performed by pulmonologist without previous experience of EBUS-GS.VBN may simplify the process of lesion positioning and further multi-center randomized studies are warranted.

A Case of COPD with Left Endobronchial Hamartoma by Bronchoscopic Intervention

Objective: Exploration for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with branched air lumen hamartoma by bronchoscoptic treatment. Material and Method: An old man was referred to our hospital with shortness of breath for many years. Clinical evidence emphysema on respiratory examination, lung function and chest X-ray gave rise to concern. He was diagnosed as COPD and treated with ICS + LABA. But the shortness of breath is still existed. Initial assessment by CT suggested a left lower lobe collapse. Then bronchoscope identified a solid abnormality in main left bronchus. The pathology showed a benign neoplasm. Because of intolerance of operation, the patient was treated by brochoscopic intervention. The endoscopic intervention included resection by electrosurgical snare, electrocautery, argon plasma coagulation (APC). Result: After intervention, the neoplasm was partly removed and the pathological result was endobrochial hematoma. After treatment, the patient’s panting had taken a turn for the better. After one month later, the patient’s lung function improved a lot. Conclusion: In conclusion, endobronchial hamartomas are one of benign neoplasms. It can cause persistent bronchial obstruction and recurrent pneumonias. In this case, invasive endoscopic treatment provides an excellent outcome.

Effects of mucosolvan combined with fiberoptic bronchoscopy on respiratory function, inflammatory response and stress state in patients with severe pneumonia

Objective: To investigate the effect of mucosolvan combined with fiberoptic bronchoscopy on respiratory function, inflammatory response and stress state in patients with severe pneumonia. Methods: From January 2017 to June 2018, 82 patients with severe pneumonia were randomly divided into observation group and control group (all 41 cases). Patients in the control group received conventional anti-infective treatment, and the observation group was treated with fiberoptic bronchoscopy combined with mucosolvan on the basis of the control group. Respiratory function, inflammatory response and stress status were compared between the two groups. Results: Before treatment, there was no significant difference in Cdyn, WOB and PaO2/FiO2 between the two groups. After treatment, Cdyn and PaO2/FiO2 in the observation group were (36.28±4.28) mL/cmH2O and (376.23±24.21) mmHg respectively, while those in the control group were (26.89±3.76) mL/cmH2O and (322.12±23.16) mmHg, respectively. The levels of Cdyn and PaO2/FiO2 in the observation group were higher than those in the control group. After treatment, the WOB in the observation group was (7.81±0.72) J/L, and the WOB in the control group was (8.33±1.23) J/L. WOB of both groups was lower than that before treatment, and in observation group WOB was lower than that of control group, the difference was statistically significant. In CRP, PCT and sTREM-1 levels, there was no significant difference between the two groups before treatment. After treatment, CRP, PCT and sTREM-1 in the observation group were (39.10±6.03) mg/L, (14.57±2.05) ng/L, (15.02±3.02) ng/L respectively, while those in the control group were (59.72±8.81) mg/L, (20.03±3.09) ng/L, (34.21±5.28) ng/L, respectively. CRP, PCT, sTREM-1 in both groups were lower than those before treatment, and CRP, PCT, sTREM-1 in observation group were lower than those in control group. Before treatment, there was no significant difference with Cor, Ang-I and Ang-II in two groups. After treatment, the levels of Cor, Ang-I and Ang-II in the observation group were (114.76±15.85) ng/mL, (6.72±0.64) ng/mL, (27.28±3.43) ng/mL respectively, while those in the control group were (193.15±22.64) ng/mL, (12.10±1.68) ng/mL, (43.02±5.57) ng/mL, respectively. In the observation group, the levels of Cor, Ang-I and Ang-II were lower than those in the control group. Conclusion: Mucosolvan combined with fiberoptic bronchoscopy can effectively improve the respiratory function of patients with severe pneumonia, and reduce inflammation and stress state of the body.

Improving effect of sputum aspiration combined with bronchoalveolar lavage by fiber bronchoscope on the condition and inflammation in lung cancer patients with postoperative pulmonary infection

Objective:To study the improving effect of sputum aspiration combined with bronchoalveolar lavage by fiber bronchoscope on the condition and inflammation in lung cancer patients with postoperative pulmonary infection.Methods:A total of 78 patients with lung cancer who received surgical treatment in our hospital between August 2013 and January 2015 and were with postoperative infection were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into two groups, control group received mechanical ventilation therapy, observation group received bronchoalveolar lavage by bronchoscope combined with mechanical ventilation, and the inflammatory factor levels, RAAS system activity and respiratory mechanics indexes of two groups were determined after treatment.Results:3 d after treatment, serum hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-8, PCT, renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone levels of observation group were lower than those of control group, and PIP, Raw and WOB values were lower than those of control group while Cdyn value was higher than that of control group.Conclusion:For lung cancer patients with postoperative pulmonary infection, bronchoalveolar lavage by bronchoscope combined with mechanical ventilation can optimize patients' condition, relieve systemic inflammatory response and improve respiratory function, and it has positive clinical significance.

Effect of lung lavage via fiber bronchoscope combined with non-invasive positive pressure ventilation on the blood gas results and systemic state of patients with COPD complicated by severe pneumonia

Objective: To discuss the effect of lung lavage via fiber bronchoscope combined with non-invasive positive pressure ventilation on the blood gas results and systemic state of patients with COPD complicated by severe pneumonia. Methods: A total of 68 patients with COPD complicated by severe pneumonia who were treated in the hospital between November 2015 and April 2017 were collected, retrospectively analyzed and then divided into the group A (n=35) who received noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and the group B (n=33) who received lung lavage via fiber bronchoscope combined with non-invasive positive pressure ventilation. The differences in arterial blood gas and serum index levels were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results: Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in arterial blood gas index levels as well as serum contents of inflammatory mediators, stress hormones and myocardial enzyme spectrum indexes between the two groups. After treatment, arterial blood gas indexes PH and PaO2 levels of group B were higher than those of group A;serum inflammatory mediators HMGB1, PCT and hs-CRP contents were lower than those of group A;serum stress hormones Cor, AngⅠ and AngⅡcontents were lower than those of group A;serum myocardial enzyme spectrum indexesα-HBDH and cTn-Ⅰ contents were lower than those of group A. Conclusion: Lung lavage via fiber bronchoscope combined with non-invasive positive pressure ventilation can effectively optimize the arterial blood gas levels, reduce systemic inflammatory stress state and protect the myocardial function of patients with COPD complicated by severe pneumonia.

Removal of metallic stents using flexible bronchoscope:report of 29 cases

Objective:Placement of self expanding metallic stents(SEMS) is invariably associated with complications and often necessitates their removal usually by rigid bronchoscope.There have been few reports published on use of flexible bronchoscope(FB) for the removal.This article summarizes the indications,methods and complications of SEMS removal by FB.Methods:We reviewed our experience with removal of SEMS using FB retrospectively.The clinical data on 29 patients with average age of(39.0±13.2) years was analyzed who underwent removal of SEMS using FB between April 2002 and August 2008.Results:Thirty-seven procedures were performed in 29 consecutive patients to remove 37 stents.The average duration of stent placement was(55± 94.7) d(0-472 d).Twenty-two procedures(59.4%) were performed under local anesthesia.The percentage of procedures under general anesthesia was 13%(3/24),67%(4/6) and 100%(7/7) for the short-term(≤30 d),medium-term(31-90 d) and long-term(>90 d) of stents placement,respectively.Indications for stents removal included migration in 15(40.6%),scar restenosis in 11(29.7%),airway shaping in 5(13.5%),stent fracture in 2(5.4%),stent incomplete expansion in 2(5.4%),improper size in 1(2.7%),mucus plugging with chest pain in 1(2.7%).And 85.7% of long-term stents were removed due to scar restenosis.The total success rate was 92%.There was no significant difference in success rate between the uncovered and covered group(82.3% and 100%,P>0.05).Complications were encountered in 13 patients,bleeding being the most common(53.8%).Conclusion:Operation by FB may be an alternative method to remove SEMS effectively and safely based on the proper anesthesia chosen.

Cryorecanalization after cryosurgery for immediate treatment on central airway obstruction via flexible bronchoscope

Objective In order to achieve immediate relief of central airway obstruction caused by malignant tumor after interventional therapy, we observed the efficacy and safety of cryorecanalization after cryosurgery via flexible bronchoscope.

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy associated with bronchoscopic operation:A case report

BACKGROUND Takotsubo cardiomyopathy(TTC),a syndrome of acute left ventricular(LV)dysfunction,is characterized by transitory hypokinesis of LV apices with compensatory hyperkinesis of the LV basal region.The symptoms of TTC mimic acute myocardial infarction,without significant coronary stenoses on coronary angiography.Echocardiogram plays a key role in the diagnosis and prognosis of TTC.New indicators from echocardiograms may be helpful in disease evaluation.CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old man with a 10-year history of non-small cell lung cancer was admitted to our hospital for emerging facial edema and dry cough.Bronchoscopic lavage,brushing,and biopsy were performed to evaluate tumor progression.During this procedure,he complained of left chest pain,nausea,and vomiting,with elevated troponin levels.Electrocardiogram showed sinus bradycardia with ST-segment elevation in I,AVL,and V4 to V6 leads.Coronary angiography revealed mild stenosis in the right coronary artery.Echocardiography showed hypokinesis of LV apices with compensatory hyperkinesis of the LV basal region.At the 7-d follow-up,echocardiographic pressure-strain analysis showed a normal LV ejection fraction,but partial recovery of LV myocardial work,which fully recovered 5 mo later.CONCLUSION This is a case of TTC caused by bronchoscopic operation.We strongly recommend noninvasive myocardial work measured by echocardiographic pressure-strain analysis as a necessary supplementary test for the long-term follow-up of TTC.

Bronchoscopic biopsy for diagnosis of lung cancer in the absence of visible endobronchial abnormalities

Objective Bronchoscopy has been extensively used in the diagnosis of respiratory diseases, and par- ticularly, malignant diseases. However, endoscopists do not normally perform bronchoscopic biopsy in Case lesions are undetected via bronchoscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether performing bron- choscopic biopsy could be established in the diagnosis of lung cancer in case of endobronchial abnormali- ties undetectable to the naked eye. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 109 cases between January 2008 and December 2012. The in- clusion criteria were confirmed lung cancer diagnosis, transbronchial biopsy performed in the absence of visible endobronchial manifestations, brushing, and bronchoalveolar lavage （BAL） according to the images obtained from high-resolution computed tomography （HRCT）. Data regarding age, sex, pathology, tumor stage; the method of diagnosis; location of primary lesion （central, peripheral, or intermediate）; tumor size, mediastinal lymph node metastasis, and the serum carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA） value were collected. The Pearson chi-square test or Fisher＇s exact and McNemar tests were used in the univadate analysis. Results Among the 109 patients, the diagnosis of 37 （33.9%） patients was confirmed through bronchos- copy. Brushing and BAL had higher positive detection rates than biopsy （P = 0.004）. There were no differ- ences in the positive detection rates between the sex, pathology, lesion location, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and the serum CEA value （P〈 0.05 for all groups）. Conclusion Despite the normal appearance of the endobronchial manifestations, lesions undetectable by bronchoscopy could be indicated. Therefore, we suggest performing bronchoscopic biopsy and that brushing and BAL might increase the positive detection rate of bronchoscepic examination.

Effect of remifentanil combined with etomidate on systemic stress reaction during painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy

Objective:To study the effect of remifentanil combined with etomidate on systemic stress reaction during painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy.Methods:A total of 84 patients who received painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy in outpatient and ward of our hospital between May 2014 and October 2016 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into two groups, observation group of patients accepted remifentanil combined with etomidate anesthesia, control group of patients received surface anesthesia, and in various time periods of inspection (before, during and after inspection), serum was collected respectively to test stress indexes.Results:Before inspection, serum NE, E, ACTH, Cor, PRA, AT-II, ALD, CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1 contents were not significantly different between two groups of patients;during and after inspection, serum NE, E, ACTH, Cor, PRA, AT-II, ALD, CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1 contents of both groups of patients were significantly higher than those before inspection, and serum NE, E, ACTH, Cor, PRA, AT-II, ALD, CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1 contents of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group. Conclusion:Remifentanil combined with etomidate can significantly inhibit the activation of systemic stress reaction and the release of stress hormones during painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

Effect of bronchoscopic ambroxol lavage on inflammatory factors in lavage fluid of patients with bronchiectasis complicated by infection

Objective:To study the effect of bronchoscopic ambroxol lavage on inflammatory factors in lavage fluid of patients with bronchiectasis complicated by infection.Methods:100 patients with bronchiectasis complicated by infection who were treated in our hospital between May 2012 and January 2016 were divided into the control group (n=54) who received conventional treatment and the observation group (n=46) who received intravenous anti-infection combined with bronchoscopic ambroxol lavage after the therapies were reviewed. The contents of inflammatory factors, adhesion molecules and acute phase proteins in lavage fluid were compared between the two groups.Results: Before treatment, the differences in contents of inflammatory factors, adhesion molecules and acute phase proteins in lavage fluid were not statistically significant between two groups of patients. After treatment, inflammatory factors IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α contents in lavage fluid of observation group were lower than those of control group;adhesion molecules sICAM-1 and VCAM-1 contents in lavage fluid were lower than those of control group;acute phase proteins CRP, AAG, HPT and CER contents in lavage fluid were lower than those of control group.Conclusion:Bronchoscopic ambroxol lavage can reduce airway inflammation in patients with bronchiectasis complicated by infection.

Value of autofluorescence bronchoscope in diagnosis of central type lung cancer

Objective To evaluate the value of autofluorescence bronchoscope (AFB) in airway examination in central type lung cancer. Methods From Sep 2009 to Mar 2010,29 patients (23 men,6 women,median age 62. 2 years,range from 34 to 81 years) underwent AFB procedure. There were 3 lesions located at trachea,1 at

气管内超声引导纵隔肿瘤激光多点消融操作流程

由于纵隔解剖位置复杂,重要脏器较多,纵隔肿瘤的治疗一直是临床难点。相比传统局部治疗,气道内超声引导纵隔肿瘤激光多点消融具有较多优势,包括消融范围及效果可实时监控、避免损伤正常组织、不良反应少、耐受性好等。该文阐述了气管内超声引导纵隔肿瘤激光多点消融的操作流程。

导向注药套管经鼻悬吊留置伴或不伴锚定治疗肺部霉菌病的操作流程

全身使用有效抗霉菌药物是治疗肺部霉菌病的基础治疗方法,同时,经过内镜注药是气管、支气管和肺部霉菌病最重要的治疗方式之一。相比内镜注药,导向注药套管经鼻悬吊留置伴或不伴锚定治疗肺部霉菌病具有较多优势,包括可接驳注射泵持续缓慢地注入药物,可避免反复进行呼吸内镜等。该文介绍了导向注药套管经鼻悬吊留置伴或不伴锚定治疗肺部霉菌病的操作流程。

视可尼喉镜在引导经鼻气管插管中的临床应用

目的探讨视可尼喉镜(Shikani optical stylet,SOS)在引导经鼻气管插管中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析我院2017年1月~2022年12月60例经鼻气管插管全身麻醉择期手术的临床资料,按照经鼻气管插管的引导方式分为3组,每组20例:视频喉镜引导气管插管(V组),纤维支气管镜引导气管插管(F组)和SOS引导气管插管(S组)。比较3组患者气管插管过程中喉部显露分级、鼻出血情况、气管插管成功率、完成时间和术后气管插管并发症的发生情况。结果F、S组患者喉显露分级均为Ⅰ级,V组患者喉显露分级Ⅰ级7例、Ⅱ级10例、Ⅲ级3例,F、S组患者喉显露效果明显优于V组(Z=-4.274,P=0.000;Z=-4.274,P=0.000)。F、S组患者无鼻出血分别为15、14例,轻度分别为5、6例,均无患者发生重度鼻出血,V组患者无鼻出血7例,轻度10例,重度3例,F、S组患者鼻出血的程度明显轻于V组(Z=-2.678,P=0.007;Z=-2.402,P=0.016)。S组患者气管插管完成中位时间37.5(34.3,41.5)s,显著短于V组45.0(39.8,72.5)s和F组89.0(76.0,102.5)s(Z=15.703,P=0.013;Z=32.050,P=0.000),V组明显短于F组(Z=-16.347,P=0.009)。V组2例插管失败,F和S组患者均顺利完成气管插管,3组插管成功率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组患者术后鼻咽部疼痛、鼻塞发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论SOS引导经鼻气管插管可以提供良好的喉显露,气管插管成功率满意且不增加不良反应发生率,可视为一种安全而有效的经鼻气管插管方式。

虚拟支气管镜导航在周围性肺部病变检查中的应用

目的 探讨虚拟支气管镜导航(VBN)在周围性肺部病变检查中的应用价值。方法 选取2022年5月至2023年6月河北北方学院附属第一医院收治的周围性肺部病变患者80例为研究对象,基于病变活检方法不同,将其分为单纯超声支气管镜组(NVBN组,40例),VBN联合超声支气管镜组(VBN组,40例)。以病理结果为金标准,比较两组的诊断准确率、病变到达率、开始活检时间、操作总时间及并发症的发生情况。结果 VBN组诊断总准确率高于NVBN组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。VBN组病变到达率高于NVBN组,开始活检时间、操作总时间短于NVBN组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组并发症总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 VBN可提高周围性肺部病变的诊断准确率,缩短了操作时间、安全性高,值得临床推广应用。

肺泡灌洗术联合肺表面活性物质治疗1例儿童外源性脂质性肺炎并文献复习

目的:探讨经支气管镜肺泡灌洗术联合肺表面活性物质治疗1例儿童外源性脂质性肺炎的应用价值。方法:收集我院收治的1例外源性脂质性肺炎患儿的临床诊疗资料,并进行文献分析。结果:患儿意外吸入油性稀释液体后出现咳嗽、气促进行性加重,血氧饱和度降低,血炎症指标增高,胸部计算机断层扫描(CT)见双肺多发性病变,确诊外源性脂质性肺炎后及时予以经支气管镜肺泡灌洗术,并首次联合应用肺表面活性物质经支气管镜注入治疗,同时予以无创正压机械通气、抗感染、糖皮质激素雾化等治疗。治疗后,患儿咳嗽、气促、低氧血症等临床表现及胸部影像学短期内明显好转。结论:儿童外源性脂质性肺炎早期应用经支气管镜肺泡灌洗术联合肺表面活性物质治疗临床疗效好,有较大临床推广价值。

电子支气管镜灌洗疗法对大叶性肺炎患者临床及实验室指标的影响

目的探讨电子支气管镜灌洗疗法对大叶性肺炎患者白细胞介素(IL)-29、嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)及血清高迁移率族蛋白B-l(HMGBl)水平的影响。方法我院收治的大叶性肺炎患者104例,根据治疗方式不同分为常规组(常规治疗)和灌洗组(常规治疗和电子支气管镜灌洗治疗)各52例,比较两组临床指标,治疗前后肺通气功能[用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))、最大呼气中段流量(MMEF)、呼气峰流速(PEF)]、血气指标[血氧饱和度(SaO_(2))、氧分压(PaO_(2))、氧合指数(PaO_(2)/FiO_(2))和二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))]、IL-29、EOS计数、血清炎症指标[HMGBl、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、IL-6]水平变化,以及安全性评估情况。结果灌洗组症状消失时间和住院时间明显短于常规组(P<0.05);治疗后,两组FVC、FEV_(1)、PEF、MMEF、SaO_(2)、PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)均升高,PaCO_(2)均降低(P<0.05);两组鼻咽分泌物及肺泡灌洗液IL-29、EOS计数和血清IL-6、TNF-α、HMGBl均降低,且灌洗组低于常规组(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生情况比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论电子支气管镜灌洗治疗可有效改善大叶性肺炎患者临床症状,提高其肺呼吸功能和血氧饱和度,降低其炎症水平,较传统治疗方案更加有效,值得应用。

支气管镜肺泡灌洗联合高频振荡排痰在大叶性肺炎治疗中的应用价值探讨

目的探讨支气管镜肺泡灌洗联合高频振荡排痰机在大叶性肺炎患儿中的临床治疗效果及应用价值。方法60例大叶性肺炎患儿为研究对象,采用简单化随机法将患儿分为对照组(30例)和观察组(30例)。对照组患儿实施常规对症治疗联合高频振荡排痰机,观察组在对照组基础上增加支气管镜肺泡灌洗进行治疗。比较两组患儿的临床疗效、肺功能指标(最大呼气中段平均流速、第1秒用力呼气容积和用力肺活量)、血清炎症指标[降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)]和不良事件发生率。结果与对照组(80.0%)比较,观察组临床总有效率(96.7%)明显升高(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后两组最大呼气中段平均流速、第1秒用力呼气容积和用力肺活量均有所升高(P<0.05);治疗后观察组患儿的最大呼气中段平均流速(1.92±0.38)L/s、第1秒用力呼气容积(1.85±0.33)L、用力肺活量(3.54±0.67)L高于对照组的(1.32±0.31)L/s、(1.27±0.29)L、(2.15±0.48)L(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后两组血清CRP和PCT水平均有所降低(P<0.05);治疗后观察组患儿血清CRP(2.27±0.19)mg/L、PCT(0.08±0.02)ng/ml明显低于对照组的(6.68±0.85)mg/L、(0.16±0.05)ng/ml(P<0.05)。两组患儿不良事件发生率比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论支气管镜肺泡灌洗联合高频振荡排痰机在大叶性肺炎患儿中的临床疗效显著,能有效改善患儿的肺功能,降低患儿血清中炎症因子水平,且安全性良好,值得临床推广应用。