Plant architecture traits influence crop yield. An understanding of the genetic basis of cotton plant architecture traits is beneficial for identifying favorable alleles and functional genes and breeding elite cultiva...Plant architecture traits influence crop yield. An understanding of the genetic basis of cotton plant architecture traits is beneficial for identifying favorable alleles and functional genes and breeding elite cultivars. We collected 121 cotton accessions including 100 brownfiber and 21 white-fiber accessions, genotyped them by whole-genome resequencing, and phenotyped them in multiple environments. This genome-wide association study(GWAS)identified 11 quantitative trait loci(QTL) for two plant architecture traits: plant height and fruit spur branch number. Negative-effect alleles were enriched in the elite cultivars. Based on these QTL, gene annotation information, and published QTL, candidate genes and natural genetic variations in four QTL were identified. Ghir_D02 G017510 and Ghir_D02 G017600 were identified as candidate genes for qD02-FSBN-1, and a premature start codon gain variation was found in Ghir_D02 G017510. Ghir_A12 G026570, the candidate gene of qA12-FSBN-2, belongs to the pectin lyase-like superfamily, and a significantly associated SNP, A12_105366045(T/C), in this gene represents an amino acid change. The QTL, candidate genes, and associated natural variations in this study are expected to lay a foundation for studying functional genes and developing breeding programs for desirable architecture in brown-fiber cotton.展开更多
为考察不同部位牛肉肌纤维类型的差异、比较两种肌纤维分型方法、研究肌纤维类型对宰后成熟过程中组织蛋白酶活性的影响,选取新疆褐牛冈下肌、菱形肌、背最长肌、背阔肌、腰大肌、股二头肌、半腱肌、腓肠肌共8个部位的牛肉,分别用ATPas...为考察不同部位牛肉肌纤维类型的差异、比较两种肌纤维分型方法、研究肌纤维类型对宰后成熟过程中组织蛋白酶活性的影响,选取新疆褐牛冈下肌、菱形肌、背最长肌、背阔肌、腰大肌、股二头肌、半腱肌、腓肠肌共8个部位的牛肉,分别用ATPase染色法和RT-PCR法检测肌纤维类型组成和MyHC基因相对表达量,用Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件分析ATPase染色图像,计算各类型肌纤维的面积和直径,并检测各部位牛肉宰后成熟0、3、7、9、11、14 d时组织蛋白酶B、L、H活性。结果表明:新疆褐牛不同部位肉的肌纤维类型组成不同,两种肌纤维类型的分型方法在确定Ⅰ型肌纤维数量时呈极显著相关,在8个部位牛肉中,均没有发现MyHCⅡb型基因的表达,ATPase染色法确定的ⅡB型肌纤维数量百分比与RT-PCR法确定的MyHCⅡx型基因表达百分比呈显著正相关,与MyHCⅡa型基因表达百分比呈极显著负相关。两种确定肌纤维类型的方法存在一定的相关性,ATPase染色法确定的ⅡB型肌纤维可能与RT-PCR法确定的MyHCⅡx基因相对应。在宰后成熟过程中,各部位牛肉组织蛋白酶活性基本表现为先升高、后降低的趋势,不同部位的牛肉达到活性最大值的时间不同;组织蛋白酶H活性非常低,相比于组织蛋白酶B和L,其在宰后成熟中的作用可以忽略不计,组织蛋白酶L活性是B活性的2.5~4倍,在宰后成熟中起更重要的作用。Ⅰ型肌纤维数量与宰后9、11 d组织蛋白酶B和L活性呈显著甚至极显著正相关关系,在新疆褐牛各部位肉中含有的Ⅰ型肌纤维越多,组织蛋白酶活性越高,越有利于牛肉宰后成熟嫩化。展开更多
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662015PY097)the Breeding of New Early Maturing and High-quality Coloured Cotton Varieties(2016HZ09)
文摘Plant architecture traits influence crop yield. An understanding of the genetic basis of cotton plant architecture traits is beneficial for identifying favorable alleles and functional genes and breeding elite cultivars. We collected 121 cotton accessions including 100 brownfiber and 21 white-fiber accessions, genotyped them by whole-genome resequencing, and phenotyped them in multiple environments. This genome-wide association study(GWAS)identified 11 quantitative trait loci(QTL) for two plant architecture traits: plant height and fruit spur branch number. Negative-effect alleles were enriched in the elite cultivars. Based on these QTL, gene annotation information, and published QTL, candidate genes and natural genetic variations in four QTL were identified. Ghir_D02 G017510 and Ghir_D02 G017600 were identified as candidate genes for qD02-FSBN-1, and a premature start codon gain variation was found in Ghir_D02 G017510. Ghir_A12 G026570, the candidate gene of qA12-FSBN-2, belongs to the pectin lyase-like superfamily, and a significantly associated SNP, A12_105366045(T/C), in this gene represents an amino acid change. The QTL, candidate genes, and associated natural variations in this study are expected to lay a foundation for studying functional genes and developing breeding programs for desirable architecture in brown-fiber cotton.
文摘为考察不同部位牛肉肌纤维类型的差异、比较两种肌纤维分型方法、研究肌纤维类型对宰后成熟过程中组织蛋白酶活性的影响,选取新疆褐牛冈下肌、菱形肌、背最长肌、背阔肌、腰大肌、股二头肌、半腱肌、腓肠肌共8个部位的牛肉,分别用ATPase染色法和RT-PCR法检测肌纤维类型组成和MyHC基因相对表达量,用Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件分析ATPase染色图像,计算各类型肌纤维的面积和直径,并检测各部位牛肉宰后成熟0、3、7、9、11、14 d时组织蛋白酶B、L、H活性。结果表明:新疆褐牛不同部位肉的肌纤维类型组成不同,两种肌纤维类型的分型方法在确定Ⅰ型肌纤维数量时呈极显著相关,在8个部位牛肉中,均没有发现MyHCⅡb型基因的表达,ATPase染色法确定的ⅡB型肌纤维数量百分比与RT-PCR法确定的MyHCⅡx型基因表达百分比呈显著正相关,与MyHCⅡa型基因表达百分比呈极显著负相关。两种确定肌纤维类型的方法存在一定的相关性,ATPase染色法确定的ⅡB型肌纤维可能与RT-PCR法确定的MyHCⅡx基因相对应。在宰后成熟过程中,各部位牛肉组织蛋白酶活性基本表现为先升高、后降低的趋势,不同部位的牛肉达到活性最大值的时间不同;组织蛋白酶H活性非常低,相比于组织蛋白酶B和L,其在宰后成熟中的作用可以忽略不计,组织蛋白酶L活性是B活性的2.5~4倍,在宰后成熟中起更重要的作用。Ⅰ型肌纤维数量与宰后9、11 d组织蛋白酶B和L活性呈显著甚至极显著正相关关系,在新疆褐牛各部位肉中含有的Ⅰ型肌纤维越多,组织蛋白酶活性越高,越有利于牛肉宰后成熟嫩化。
