Synergistic effects of the entomopathogenic fungus Isaria javanica and low doses of dinotefuran on the efficient control of the rice pest Sogatella furcifera

The rice planthopper,Sogatella furcifera,is a piercing-sucking insect pest of rice,Oryza sativa.It is responsible for significant crop yield losses,and has developed moderate to high resistance to several commonly used chemical insecticides.We investigated the effects of the insect fungal pathogen Isaria javanica,alone and in combination with the chemical insecticide dinotefuran,on S.furcifera under both laboratory and field conditions.Our results show that I.javanica displays high infection efficiency and mortality for different stages of S.furcifera,reducing adult survival,female oviposition and ovary development.Laboratory bioassays showed that the combined use of I.javanica with a low dose(4-16 mg L^(-1))of dinotefuran resulted in higher mortality in S.furcifera than the use of I.javanica or dinotefuran alone.The combined treatment also had more significant effects on several host enzymes,including superoxide dismutase,catalase,peroxidase,and prophenol oxidase activities.In field trials,I.javanica effectively suppressed populations of rice planthoppers to low levels(22-64%of the level in untreated plots).Additional field experiments showed synergistic effects,i.e.,enhanced efficiency,for the control of S.furcifera populations using the combination of a low dose of I.javanica(1×10^(4) conidia mL^(-1))and a low dose of dinotefuran(~4.8-19.2%of normal field use levels),with control effects of>90%and a population level under 50 insects per 100 hills at 3-14 days post-treatment.Our findings indicate that the entomogenous fungus I.javanica offers an attractive biological control addition as part of the integrated pest management(IPM)practices for the control of rice plant pests.

Insecticidal Activities of Extracts from Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. Callus

[Objective] The research aimed to lay a foundation for the screening of cell lines producing secondary metabolites of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.[Method] The insecticidal activities of the extracts from branch and 3 different types of calluses of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.was detected through methods of leaf disc and potted seedlings against the diamond back moth.[Result] Extracts from four kinds of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.tissues assumed both the activities of antifeedant and oviposition deterrency against the diamond back moth.Antifeedant effect of extracts was in turn the callus C< callus B< callus A< branches.Oviposition deterrency activity of the extracts was in turn the callus A> branch > callus B>callus C.The insecticidal activities of callus A and B were higher than that of the callus C.[Conclusion] The results show that insecticidal activity of callus and its growth rate is inversely proportional.

Effects of Shading Treatment on the Growth of Bischofia javanica Seedlings

With annual Bischofia javanica seedlings as experimental material, the plasticity and comprehensive evaluation methods were employed to investigate the effects of different shading degrees （100% NS （natural sunshine）, 41.3% NS, 14.6% NS and 3.6% NS） on B. javanica seedlings growth, so as to obtain the shade toler- ance in B. javanica. The results showed that with the shading degree increasing, the seedling height increment, diameter increment, leaf area, fresh weights （above- ground part, underground part and whole plant） and dry weights （aboveground part, underground part and whole plant） of B. javanica seedlings all increased first and then decreased, and reached peak values under 41.3% NS, while the total root length, average root diameter, total surface area, total root volume and total root number all presented a decreasing trend. Also the comprehensive evaluation by subordinate function value method and plasticity analysis were carried out on these growth indexes. It was concluded that B. javanica seedlings have medium shade tol- erance from the comDrehensive analysis of growth indexes.

浮床水芹(Oenanthe javanica)的生态特性及对池塘水体环境的反馈与响应

在原位生态循环养殖池塘中构建生态浮床,研究水芹(Oenanthe javanica)的植株生长、生态特性以及对池塘水体环境的反馈和响应。结果表明,在80 d中,浮床水芹植株的平均高度、干重和单株根表面积均随种植时间的推移持续增加,50~80 d时植株总高度为23.05~38.37 cm;30~50 d内,植株根系无论是主根数、根尖数、主根直径还是一级根直径均明显增加。浮床水芹植株中氮含量随着植株质量的增加而增加,与植株干重呈高度正相关(r=0.952);但磷含量较为稳定,并未随植株质量的增加而增加。每株水芹的平均磷含量为3.45~4.14 mg,平均N/P比为2.51~6.80。与茎、叶相比,其根部N/P比为4.27~4.67,较为稳定。水芹根系具有径向泌氧特性,泌氧率为2.74~3.27μmol·h^(-1)·g^(-1),泌氧率与每克根表面积呈正相关(r=0.795)。根系泌氧导致水中Fe和Mn被氧化并被吸附于根系,形成铁锰氧化膜。水芹可稳定水温和pH值,调节DO含量,降低TN和TP含量,但对TP的去除有一定限制。

新颖杀线虫剂MCW-2对爪哇根结线虫(Meloidogyne javanica)的防治活性

随着甲基溴等高效土壤熏蒸剂以及非熏蒸杀线虫剂的退出或禁用,当前线虫的防治难度日益加大。由于杀线虫剂市场小于除草剂、杀菌剂和杀虫剂,许多农化企业认为开发新颖杀线虫剂无利可图。此外,对人类与非靶标生物安全的有效物质的开发可行性极低。目前,广泛应用的杀线虫剂有涕灭威、硫线磷、克百威、丙线磷、苯线磷、噻唑磷、

一例雌性马来穿山甲(Manis javanica)生殖系统大体解剖

马来穿山甲(Manis javanica)是一种特殊的极度濒危动物,但其生殖系统结构一直未被描述。本文通过对在华南师范大学穿山甲人工救护与保育研究基地死亡的雌性马来穿山甲DY7进行大体解剖,对其生殖系统形态结构进行了描述。DY7生殖系统由卵巢、输卵管、子宫、阴道、尿生殖前庭、阴唇和阴蒂组成。子宫类型为双间子宫,纠正了以前其为双角子宫的说法。DY7左右两卵巢重均为0.30 g,长径分别为1.080 cm和1.026 cm,短径分别为0.860 cm和0.800 cm;左右输卵管长分别为3.150 cm和2.930 cm;左右子宫角长分别为5.472 cm和5.226 cm,子宫体和子宫颈长分别为0.470 cm和0.582 cm;阴道和尿生殖前庭长分别为1.990 cm和1.720 cm。本文对于了解马来穿山甲的繁殖习性、提高圈养马来穿山甲繁殖管理水平、发展人工繁殖技术具有重要意义。

爪哇曲壳藻亚缢变种(Achnanthes javanica var.Meister)胞外多聚物分泌过程及除草剂的影响研究

采用微孔板培养法,研究了爪哇曲壳藻亚缢变种胞外多聚物的分泌过程及除草剂对该过程的影响。结果表明,爪哇曲壳藻亚缢变种胞外多聚物的分泌过程分为4期即单细胞形成及重新定位期、球状体形成期、领形成和柄延伸期及细胞分裂增殖期。除草剂对胞外多聚物分泌的影响与其浓度有关当除草剂浓度为10×10-6时,除草剂对爪哇曲壳藻亚缢变种单细胞的形成和运动没有影响,但胞外多聚物柄的生产受到抑制,柄的长度也明显缩短;随着除草剂浓度的进一步增加,群体细胞不能散开形成单细胞,胞外多聚物的分泌受到完全抑制。本研究结果表明,爪哇曲壳藻亚缢变种胞外多聚物的分泌与细胞运动有关,除草剂可能影响了细胞内有机物质的合成和某些细胞器(如囊泡)的功能,从而抑制了胞外多聚物的分泌。

The First Birth and Survival of Cub in Captivity of Critically Endangered Malayan Pangolin(Manis javanica)

Two adult captive Malayan pangolin （Manis javanica） successfully mated on February 3, 2015, and gave birth to one healthy cub on April 8 in Pangolin＇s Breeding Center of College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University. Current- ly, the two adults and the cub are in good state of health, and especially the cub is healthily growing according to its weight and other health indicators. This is the first birth and survival of cub of Malayan pangolins in captivity. It proves that Malayan pangolin can successfully breed in appropriate captivity conditions and the reproductive parameters of Malayan pangolin are also determined, which provide valuable reference for other species of pangolins in artificial breeding, and also give effective way for population growth, ecological restoration and species conservation for pangolin in the wild.

Brucea javanica oil emulsion improves the effect of radiotherapy on esophageal cancer cells by inhibiting cyclin D1-CDK4/6 axis

BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is one of the most common cancers around the world, and it has high incidence and mortality rates. The conventional therapy for esophageal cancer is radiotherapy, although its effect is highly limited by the resistance of esophageal cancer cells. Thus, strong radiosensitizers can be very crucial during radiotherapy against esophageal cancer. Brucea javanica oil emulsion (BJOE) is a widely used drug against various cancers, such as liver, colon, and ovarian cancer. However, its anti-cancer effect and mechanism and the use of BJOE as a radiosensitizer have not been explored in esophageal cancer. AIM To evaluate the anti-cancer effect and mechanism of BJOE and explore the potential use of BJOE as a radiosensitizer during radiotherapy. METHODS The inhibitory effect of BJOE and its enhancement function with radiation on cell viability were examined with the calculated half-maximal effective concentration and half-maximal lethal concentration. The influence of BJOE on cell migration and invasion were measured with EC109 and JAR cells by wound-healing and transwell assay. Clonogenesis and apoptotic rate, which was measured by Hoechst staining, were investigated to confirm its enhancement function with radiation. To investigate the molecular pathway underlying the effect of BJOE, the expressions of several apoptosis- and cycle-related proteins was detected by western blotting.cell lines more than normal cell lines, and it markedly reduced migration and invasion in esophageal cancer cells (EC109 and JAR). Moreover, it promoted cell apoptosis and enhanced the effect of radiotherapy against esophageal cancerous cells. In the viability test, the values of half-maximal effective concentration and half-maximal lethal concentration were reduced. Compared to the control, only around 1/5 colonies formed when using BJOE and radiation together in the clonogenic assay. The apoptotic rate in EC109 was obviously promoted when BJOE was added during radiotherapy. Our study suggests that the expression of the apoptosis-proteins Bax and p21 were increased, while the expression of Bcl-2 was stable. Further detection of downstream proteins revealed that the expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 were significantly decreased. CONCLUSION BJOE has a strong anti-cancer effect on esophageal cancer and can be used as a radiosensitizer to promote apoptosis in cancerous esophageal cells via the cyclin D1-cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 axis.

Pretreated Oenan the Javanica extract increases anti-inflammatory cytokines, attenuates gliosis, and protects hippocampal neurons following transient global cerebral ischemia in gerbils

Recently,we have reported that Oenanthe javanica extract(OJE)displays strong neuroprotective effect against ischemic damage after transient global cerebral ischemia.However,neuroprotective mechanisms of OJE have not been fully identified.Thus,this study investigated the neuroprotection of OJE in the hippocampal CA1 area and its anti-inflammatory activity in gerbils subjected to 5 minutes of transient global cerebral ischemia.We treated the animals by intragastrical injection of OJE(100 and 200 mg/kg)once daily for 1 week prior to transient global cerebral ischemia.Neuroprotection of OJE was observed by immunohistochemistry for neuronal nuclear antigen and histofluorescence staining for Fluoro-Jade B.Immunohistochemistry of glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 was done for astrocytosis and microgliosis,respectively.To investigate the neuroprotective mechanisms of OJE,we performed immunohistochemistry of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-2 for pro-inflammatory function and interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 for anti-inflammatory function.When we treated the animals by intragastrical administration of 200 mg/kg of OJE,hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons were protected from transient global cerebral ischemia and cerebral ischemia-induced gliosis was inhibited in the ischemic hippocampal CA1 area.We also found that interleukin-4 and-13 immunoreactivities were significantly increased in pyramidal neurons of the ischemic CA1 area after OJE pretreatment,and the increased immunoreactivities were sustained in the CA1 pyramidal neurons after transient global cerebral ischemia.However,OJE pretreatment did not increase interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha immunoreactivities in the CA1 pyramidal neurons.Our findings suggest that pretreatment with OJE can protect neurons and attenuate gliosis from transient global cerebral ischemia via increasing expressions of interleukin-4 and-13.The experimental plan of this study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee(IACUC)in Kangwon National University(approval No.KW-160802-1)on August 10,2016.

Suppression of Meloidogyne javanica by antagonistic and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria

Four rhizobacteria selected out of over 500 isolates from rhizosphere of the vegetables in China were further studied for suppression of the root-knot nematode and soil-borne fungal pathogens in laboratory and greenhouse in Belgium. They were identified as Brevibacillus brevis or Bacillus subtilis by Biolog test and partial 16s rDNA sequence comparison. They not only inhibited the radial growth of the root-infecting fungi Rhizoctonia solani SX-6, Pythium aphanidermatum ZJP-1 and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum ZJF-2 in vitro, but also exhibited strong nematicidal activity by killing the second stage larvae of Meloidogyne javanica to varying degrees in the greenhouse. The toxic principles of bacterium B7 that showed the highest juvenile mortality were partially characterized. The active factors were heat stability and resistance to extreme pH values. B7 used either as seed dressing or soil drench significantly reduced the nematode populations in the rhizosphere and enhanced the growth of mungbean plants over the controls in the presence or absence of R. solani.

Activity of Brucea javanica oil emulsion against gastric ulcers in rodents

The present study aims to investigate the gastroprotective effect of Brucea javanica oil emulsion(BJOE) in animals. Gastroprotective potential of BJOE was studied on absolute ethanol,aspirin, reserpine and restraint plus water immersion-induced gastric ulcers in mice as well as glacial acetic acid(GAA) and pyloric ligation(PL)-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Except for ulcer scores, total acidity as well as pepsin activity as for the PL-induced gastric ulcer model and ulcer incidence as for the GAA-induced gastric ulcer model were also determined. Histopathological evaluation as for aspirin, reserpine, PL-induced models was conducted. Results showed that BJOE significantly(P < 0.05) reduced ulcer index in the mouse and rat models in a dose-dependent manner. It had significant(P < 0.05) suppressive effect on total activity of gastric juice as well in PL-induced model. Histopathological examination for the stomach samples confirmed the findings in the aspirin, reserpine or PLinduced gastric lesion models, which showed relatively complete mucosa structure and less inflammation. It is concluded that BJOE could be effective on gastric ulcer in rodents and its gastroprotective activity might be related to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory ability and promote gastric mucus secreted. The results may provide beneficial basis for increasing BJOE's clinical indication in future.

Ethanol extract of Oenanthe javanica increases cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the adolescent rat dentate gyrus

Oenanthe javanica is an aquatic perennial herb that belongs to theOenanthe genus in Apiaceae family, and it displays well-known medicinal properties such as protective effects against glu-tamate-induced neurotoxicity. However, few studies regarding effects ofOenanthe javanica on neurogenesis in the brain have been reported. In this study, we examined the effects of a normal diet and a diet containing ethanol extract ofOenanthe javanica on cell proliferation and neu-roblast differentiation in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus of adolescent rats using Ki-67 （an endogenous marker for cell proliferation） and doublecortin （a marker for neuroblast）. Our results showed thatOenanthe javanica extract signiifcantly increased the number of Ki-67-immunoreactive cells and doublecortin-immunoreactive neuroblasts in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the adolescent rats. In addition, the immunoreactivity of brain-derived neurotrophic factor was signiifcantly increased in the dentate gyrus of the Oenanthe javanica extract-treated group compared with the control group. However, we did not ifnd that vascular endothelial growth factor expression was increased in theOenanthe javanica extract-treated group compared with the control group. These results indicate thatOenanthe javanica extract improves cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation by increasing brain-de-rived neurotrophic factor immunoreactivity in the rat dentate gyrus.

Campanumoea javanica Bl. activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and reduces sarcopenia in a T2DM rat model

Objective: Sarcopenia causes loss of skeletal muscle and function, thus seriously affecting the physical function and quality of life in the elderly. This article discusses the specific molecular mechanism and ameliorating effects of Tudangshen(TDS) on sarcopenia in elderly rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods: Elderly Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly selected and fed with a high-fat diet combined with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to establish T2DM model. The model rats were stratified and randomly divided into the model group,metformin group, TDS high-dose group, TDS medium-dose group, and TDS low-dose group according to blood glucose combined with body weight, and the same batch of old SD rats was set as the normal control group. The effects of TDS in an elderly T2DM sarcopenia rat model were evaluated by observing the body positions of the rats, analyzing blood biochemistry, testing exercise capacity, and pathologically staining sectioned gastrocnemius muscle tissues. The molecular mechanisms of the effects were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.Results: TDS has no statistically significant effect on blood glucose, insulin and glycosylated serum protein in aged rats with T2DM, but it can reduce levels of glycosylated serum protein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein;it improves pathological changes in rat gastrocnemius muscle tissues, and increases muscle cell activity in elderly rats with T2DM and sarcopenia. TDS also promoted the upregulation of the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)/protein kinase B(PKB/AKT)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/ribosomal protein S6 kinase/eukaryotic initiation factor 4 E binding rotein1 mRNA in rats and triggered an increase in corresponding protein levels.Conclusions: TDS alleviated muscle decline in elderly rats with T2DM by activating the PI3 K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and regulating the synthesis of corresponding proteins.

Anti-melanoma action of small molecular peptides derived from Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.globulin in vitro

Objective:The morbidity of malignant melanoma keeps increasing annually.It has high risks of metastasis,drug resistance,and poor prognosis in clinics.Moreover,the available medicines used commonly,such as dacarbazine,temozolomide,the v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1(BRAF)inhibitor vemurafenib,and the programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor pembrolizumab,have some limitations at some extent.Therefore,a more effective therapeutic strategy is still urgently necessary.Methods:In this study,Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.globulins were hydrolyzed with pepsin,then ultra-filtrated to collect small molecular peptides(≤3 kDa).The peptides were then analyzed by antiproliferative assay,cell-cycle distribution,apoptosis assay,and in vitro wound-scratch assay.Finally,western blotting was conducted to elucidate the underlying anti-melanoma mechanism.Results:The small molecular peptide from B.javanica significantly inhibited malignant melanoma cell proliferation with the IC_(50) of 2.72 mg/mL for 72 h.Further analysis indicated that B.javanica peptides arrested cell cycle at the S and G2/M phases and induced apoptosis by upregulating p21,p53,Bax,caspase-3,and cleaved PARP while downregulating Bcl-2 expression.The inhibitory migration effects were also confirmed by wound-healing assay.Conclusion:The small molecular biopeptides from B.javanica may be a promising bioactive agent candidate for melanoma treatment.

Physicochemical and elemental studies of Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. for standardization as herbal drug

Objective: To explore the leaves of Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. as a source of safe and effective antibacterial herbal medicine.Methods: The standardization was validated by stepwise physicochemical studies,element analysis, determination of ash values, fluorescence analysis, assessment of moisture content, extractive values in different solvent systems and extraction methods.Heavy metal contents, mineral and element contents were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer and CHNS/O analyser, respectively.Results: The methanol extract of the folklore medicinal plant having antibacterial efficacy contained flavonoids and phenolic OH groups. The ICP multi standard indicated the presence of three major compounds with molecular mass of 161 190 and 221 Da. Heavy metals viz. lead, mercury and copper content were 4.38 ppm, < 0.05 ppm and 24.70 ppm,respectively. Minerals content of calcium, phosphorus, potassium and iron were 1 190.94 mg/100 g, 375.57 mg/100 g, 2 820 mg/100 g and 340.20 mg/100 g of plant sample, respectively. Elements like carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur contents were38.18%, 5.67%, 2.23% and 0.51%, respectively. Heavy metal profile of the tested plant was within the permissible limits of the regulatory authorities.Conclusions: Hence the present physicochemical and elements studies reveals that the plant Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. could be a potent source of herbal preparation as well as a safe and novel synthetic antibacterial drug.

The effect of different initial densities of nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) on the build-up of Pasteuria penetrans population

Pasteuria penetrans will build-up faster where there is a high initial nematode density and can suppress root-knot nematode populations in the roots of tomato plants. The effect of different initial densities of nematode (Meloidogyne javanica)(150, 750, 1500, 3000) and P. penetrans infected females (F1, F3) densities (F0=control and AC=absolute control without nematode or P. penetrans inoculum) on the build-up of Pasteuria population was investigated over four crop cycles. Two major points of interest were highlighted. First, that within a confined soil volume, densities of P. penetrans can increase >100 times within 2 or 3 crop cycles. Second, from a relatively small amount of spore inoculum, infection of the host is very high. There were more infected females in the higher P. penetrans doses. The root growth data confirms the greater number of females in the controls particularly at the higher inoculum densities in the third and fourth crops. P. penetrans generally caused the fresh root weights to be higher than those in the control. P. penetrans has shown greater reduction of egg masses per plant at most densities.The effects of different initial densities of M. javanica and P. penetrans on the development of the pest and parasite populations were monitored. And no attempt was made to return the P. penetrans spores to the pots after each crop so the build-up in actual numbers of infected females and spores under natural conditions may be underestimated.

Development of Pasteuria penetrans in Meloidogyne javanica females as affected by constantly high vs fluctuating temperature in an in-vivo system

Growth room and glasshouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of constant and fluctuating tem- peratures on the development of Pasteuria penetrans a hyperparasite of root-knot nematodes. Tomato plants (Lycopersicon es- culentum Mill) were inoculated with Meloidogyne javanica second-stage juveniles attached with endospores of P. penetrans and were grown in growth room at 26?29 °C and in glasshouse at 20?32 °C. The tomato plants were sampled from the growth room after 600 degree-days based on 17 °C/d, accumulating each day above a base temperature of 10 °C and from the glasshouse after 36 calendar days. Temperature affected the development of P. penetrans directly. The rate of development at constant temperature in growth room was faster than that in the glasshouse at fluctuating temperatures.

爪哇虫草菌JS001浸种处理对水稻生长和防御褐飞虱的影响

【目的】明确新登记的真菌杀虫剂爪哇虫草菌Cordyceps javanica JS001在调控水稻生长和防御褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens中的作用。【方法】室内分别用1×10^(4),1×106和1×10^(8)孢子/mL爪哇虫草菌JS001孢子悬浮液浸泡水稻种子48 h,以0.01%Triton X-100溶液浸种为对照,待培养8 d后,对水稻苗进行生长测定,并测定褐飞虱成虫对其的行为选择反应;通过气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)分析1×10^(8)孢子/mL爪哇虫草菌JS001孢子悬浮液浸种对水稻苗次生代谢化合物含量的影响。采用1×10^(7)孢子/mL爪哇虫草菌JS001孢子悬浮液和清水(对照)分别浸泡水稻种子48 h,于种子直播50 d后,调查稻田中稻飞虱和蜘蛛个体数量。【结果】室内测定结果表明,与对照相比,1×10^(6)和1×10^(8)孢子/mL爪哇虫草菌JS001孢子悬浮液浸种处理不仅显著促进水稻种子发芽、水稻苗根和茎叶的生长,而且降低褐飞虱成虫对水稻苗的选择性。化合物分析结果表明,与对照相比,1×10^(8)孢子/mL爪哇虫草菌JS001孢子悬浮液浸种处理的水稻苗中防御性化合物过氧化氢、油酸、辛烷等含量显著增加,能吸引褐飞虱的化合物2-壬酮含量显著降低。田间试验结果表明,与对照相比,1×10^(7)孢子/mL爪哇虫草菌JS001孢子悬浮液浸种显著降低稻田中稻飞虱数量,但对捕食性天敌蜘蛛个体数量无影响。【结论】爪哇虫草菌JS001浸种处理不但能促进水稻苗的生长,而且能提高水稻对褐飞虱的防御能力。田间试验进一步明确了爪哇虫草菌JS001在增强水稻防御稻飞虱危害中的作用。这些结果可为爪哇虫草菌的应用及稻飞虱生物防治策略的制定提供新途径。

Brucea javanica oil inhibits proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and induces apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT pathway

Background:Brucea javanica oil(BJO),distributed primarily in Southeast Asia,has long been utilized as a therapeutic agent for treating malignancies.However,its anticancer mechanisms are not clearly understood.The objective of this study was to examine the mechanisms underlying its treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Methods:CCK8 assay was used to evaluate cell viability.Hoechst33342 staining and flow cytometry analyses were used to examine apoptosis.Mito-Tracker Red CMXRos kit was used to measure the membrane potential of mitochondria.ATP assay kit was used to evaluate ATP levels.Western blots were used to assess the presence of AKT,adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase,Caspase3,Caspase9,Bax,and Bcl-2.Results:BJO inhibited the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2 in a time-and dose-dependent manner.It induced apoptosis,with the percentage of cells treated with 50–150μg/mL BJO increasing from 8.01%to 28.02%in a concentration-dependent manner(P<0.05,when 50μg/mL of BJO group compared with the control group;P<0.001,when 100 or 150μg/mL of BJO group compared with the control group).After exposed to BJO,the expression of C-caspase3,C-caspase9 and Bax upregulated while that of Bcl-2 downregulated.BJO suppressed the PI3K/AKT pathway and promoted phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase,while repressing the phosphorylation of mechanistic target of rapamycin.Compared with treatment by BJO alone,the PI3K/AKT agonist 740Y-P increased the survival rate of HepG2 cells(P<0.01)and attenuated the inhibitory effect of BJO on cell apoptosis(P<0.05).Conclusion:BJO is capable of inhibiting proliferation of HepG2 cells and inducing apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT pathway.