Performance Description of Brushless Doubly-Fed Induction Machine in Its Asynchronous and Variable Speed Synchronous Modes

Brushless Doubly-Fed Machine has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to its advantages. It has the robustness of the squirrel cage induction machine, and the speed and power factor controllability of the synchronous machine as well as the absence of brushes and slip rings, and using a fractionally rated frequency converter. Hence, there are considerable benefits over the conventional machines, when the machine is applied to applications such as a wind turbine generator or high power adjustable speed drive. However, these benefits are obtained in slightly more complex structure, higher cost and larger dimensions in comparison to the conventional induction machine. This paper presents fundamental aspects of the three modes of operation of brushless doubly fed machine, i.e. simple induction mode, cascade induction mode, and synchronous mode. The investigation is performed by analyzing the spatial harmonic contents of the rotor magnetic flux density. The direct cross couplings between stator and rotor fields as well as, indirect cross coupling between stator fields by the special rotor of this machine is described. Furthermore, loss analysis of the machine in various modes is presented and the torque-speed curves for asynchronous modes are obtained. A 2-D magnetodynamic finite element model based on the D-180 4/8 pole prototype machine is extracted and simulated to verify the results.

Brushless Doubly-Fed Induction Machine as a Variable Frequency Transformer

VFT （variable frequency transformer） has been recently used as art alternative to HVDC （high voltage direct current） to control power flow between asynchronous networks. VFT consumes less reactive power than a back-to-back HVDC system, provides faster initial transient recovery, and has better natural damping capability. VFT is simply a DFIM （doubly-fed induction machine） where the machine torque controls the power flow from stator to rotor and vice versa. The main disadvantage of this VFT is the slip rings and brushes required for the rotor circuit, especially in bulk power transmission. The BDFM （brushless doubly-fed machine） with nested cage rotor machine is proved to be a comparable alternative to conventional DFIM in many applications with the advantage that all windings being in the stator frame with fixed output terminals. In this paper, the BDFM is used as a BVFT （brushless variable frequency transformer）. A prototype machine is designed and simulated to verify the system validity.

Properties of Brushless DC Machine Induced by Permanent Magnets Applied to a Traction Drive

The paper presents a mathematical model ofbrushless DC machine induced by permanent magnets. Its construction uses the classical model of permanent magnet synchronous machine and induced model of power inverter using the serraphil form. The results of the computer simulation were presented for such states： startup, work under active constant load and the behavior of the machine in terms of exponential and stepping change of the power inverter＇s control angle.

Improvement Torque Performances of Interior Permanent-Magnet Machines

Due to their excellent efficiency,power density and constant power speed region,interior permanent-magnet(IPM)machines are very suitable for electric vehicles(EVs).This paper proposed a new IPM rotor topology,which can offer high reluctance torque,wide constant power speed range and excellent overload capability.Besides,five rotor topologies with integral-slot distributed-windings IPM machines,including four existing IPM topologies and the proposed IPM topology,are designed optimally.Their characteristics,which include d-q axis inductances,saliency ratios,electromagnetic torques,corresponding torque ripples,back-electromotive forces(EMFs),overload capabilities and flux weakening performances are evaluated quantitatively.Finally,a three phase 48s8p hybrid rotor PM machine is built to verify the performances of the proposed IPM machine.This work provides some general concepts for machine developers who are willing to build IPM machines for high-performance EV applications.

无刷双馈电机伺服系统的最大转矩电流比控制研究

针对无刷双馈电机在空载和轻载工况运行时存在定子电流大的问题,提出了一种最大转矩电流比(maximum torque per ampere,MTPA)的控制方法。首先,给出无刷双馈电机以控制电机电流源、功率电机电压源作为供电输入的状态空间模型;其次,通过构造拉格朗日辅助函数并强制控制电机定子电流的导数为零推导出MTPA控制律;然后,将MTPA控制与直接反馈控制(direct feedback control,DFC)相结合实现无刷双馈电机(brushless doubly-fed machine,BDFM)的优化控制;最后,通过仿真验证了所提出的MTPA控制方案可以明显减小无刷双馈电机的定子电流,空载情况下控制电机(control machine,CM)定子电流降低98.3%,功率电机(power machine,PM)定子电流降低66%,加载情况下控制电机定子电流降低57.5%,功率电机定子电流降低54%,明显降低系统铜耗并提高电机运行效率。

Influence of DSP controller on performance of a permanent magnet brushless AC drive in flux-weakening mode

The flux-weakening performance of a permanent magnet brushless AC drive was investigated using both floating-point and fixed-point DSP controllers. A significant current oscillation was observed when the drive was operated at high-speed in the flux-weakening mode with the fixed-point DSP. The investigation showed that this was due to the on-line compensation of the winding resistance voltage drop and quantisation errors associated with the fixed-point architecture of the DSP. A simple look-up table scheme is proposed to eliminate the oscillation and to achieve extended flux-weakening capability.

无刷双馈电机研究综述与展望

无刷双馈电机具有结构可靠、变频器容量小等优势,非常适合灵活运行于防爆、易燃等特殊或极端工况,近年来受到广泛关注。该文根据无刷双馈电机的基本工作原理,明确了该类电机的命名原则与规范名称;总结了现有定转子方案的结构及性能特点,综合考虑性能指标与结构工艺,提出了转子双套绕组的发展方向;梳理了无刷双馈电机的稳态等效电路模型及基于各类数学模型的优化设计方法,针对现存难以完整考虑不同转速工况性能的不足,阐明了利用新型同步-异步相串联等效电路进行优化设计的思路;对比分析了经典及新近出现的无刷双馈电机控制系统拓扑和控制策略特点,面向典型电动、发电工况建立了完整的电机及控制系统。最后,对无刷双馈电机的上述理论研究问题及工业应用的发展方向进行了总结阐述,为该类电机的深入研究及加快推广应用提供参考和指导。

基于端部绕组模块的定子励磁无刷电机冷却方法

为了提升定子励磁无刷电机的冷却能力,提出了一种基于端部绕组模块的定子励磁无刷电机冷却方法.在电机端部绕组和定子铁芯叠片端部的间隙中插入端部绕组冷却(EWC)模块,以减小定子绕组热点区域和冷却介质之间的间隙,从而提高端部绕组的冷却能力.对非重叠式集中绕组长度计算模型进行改进,评估采用EWC模块前后电机定子电枢绕组长度的变化,分析EWC模块的电导率对电机定子损耗的影响.采用计算流体动力学(CFD)模型,对比EWC模块在不同铜耗和励磁源损耗密度下的冷却性能.结果表明,采用EWC模块可以使端部绕组的稳态温升降低约50%,热态时的绕组电阻降低7.51%,从而改善了定子的冷却条件.

Brushless DC Generator Controlled by Constrained Predictive Algorithm

The brushless DC generator controlled by a predictive algorithm is considered in this paper. It is able to develop excellent performances such as minimum Joule losses and minimum torque ripple, at the same time. The tracking characteristic of the prime-mover is mandatory for setting the reference value of the electromagnetic torque developed by the generator, by means of which the switching pattern of the AC/DC converter is determined at each sampling time interval. The above generator performances are possible under certain constrained values of reference torque and rotor speed, due to the DC-bus voltage saturation. The knowledge of these quantities are necessary for the best matching of the prime-mover with the brushless DC generator and the AC/DC converter. In this paper, these constraints are investigated in detail with the aim of highlighting the best operation of the conversion s） stem under a constant DC bus voltage.

不平衡磁拉力作用下无刷双馈电机的转子振动特性研究

无刷双馈电机长时间运行会出现转轴弯曲、轴承磨损等状况,导致气隙动偏心,并因此产生不平衡磁拉力,影响转子系统动力学特性。为了研究由不平衡磁拉力引起的转子振动特性问题,建立Jeffcott转子动力学模型,得出考虑不平衡磁拉力作用下转子系统的振动微分方程组,并对其自由振动响应进行了计算。以某型号无刷双馈电机的样机尺寸为例,分析气隙动偏心状态下电机气隙长度、转子材料及几何尺寸等对电机振动特性的影响,并利用Runge-Kutta法对振动微分方程组进行分析,结果表明:当转子动偏心率较小时,利用该转子系统的振动微分方程组计算出的解析解与数值计算结果吻合较好,转子的一阶振幅误差仅为0.2%,二阶振幅误差为2%,具有较高的精度且计算较为简便,为电机的高可靠运行提供理论支撑。

不同槽配比下绕线式无刷双馈电机性能对比研究

无刷双馈电机由于结构简单、可靠性高、变频器容量小等优点在恒频变速发电领域受到广泛关注,其定转子的槽数配比对电机性能与振动具有一定程度的影响。为探究这一问题,该文以绕线式无刷双馈电机定转子磁势分析为基础,推导不同槽配合的电磁力波对比以及槽配合对电机性能的影响,给出3种符合要求的槽配比方案,计算出各方案转子绕组谐波,并进行对比分析;利用有限元法对48/36槽、42/36槽与36/30槽3种方案在相同要求下的负载性能进行研究,导出定子齿部电磁力,对电机进行振动响应分析对比;最后,通过样机试验,验证有限元仿真的正确性,同时试验结果也证明所选槽配合下电机具有振动形变量小、转子电流小、系统输出电压和效率高、饱和程度低等优点。

基于自抗扰控制的圆纬机恒张力输纱控制系统设计

针对当前圆纬机积极式送纱方式中存在的纱线张力及输送速度不可任意调节、纱线张力波动大等问题,提出了一种可为圆纬机输送恒定张力纱线的输纱控制系统。构建了以无刷直流电动机速度环为内环、以纱线张力为外环的纱线恒张力双闭环反馈控制系统,通过自抗扰控制技术获取纱线实时动态指标,并对无刷直流电动机目标转速进行调整,最后通过磁场定向控制技术驱动无刷直流电动机。详细阐述了纱线张力的形成机制、纱线恒张力输送控制方案、系统硬件设计及控制算法。输纱测试表明,该控制系统可实现多种类型纱线的恒定张力输送。其中,棉纱张力波动标准差为1.5 cN(300 m/min测试条件),氨纶包芯纱的张力波动标准差为0.33 cN(240 m/min测试条件)。输纱速度的调节范围为0~600 m/min,纱线张力的控制范围为2.0~50.0 cN。

基于线性自抗扰的无刷双馈电机功率解耦控制策略研究

针对抽水蓄能机组工作环境复杂、温度等扰动较为突出、传统矢量控制对于无刷双馈电机控制精度不足的问题,研究了一种基于线性自抗扰控制的无刷双馈电机功率解耦控制策略,用来降低电机扰动并提高控制精度,提升其运行特性,进而提高其在抽水蓄能系统中的能量转换效率。建立了无刷双馈电机统一坐标系下两相旋转坐标系的数学模型,采用功率绕组定向的方法确定坐标系,推导了功率绕组定向下的电流关系并据此使用控制绕组控制功率绕组的有功和无功,从而实现了功率解耦控制。为提高控制性能,重写转速环和电流环,分析扰动,列写状态方程,设计扩张状态观测器,采用自抗扰技术提升了电机控制性能。进行谐波分析,基于控制绕组电流在同步坐标系下主要谐波为6次谐波的结论,采用重复控制器进行特定频次谐波的抑制。通过Simulink仿真,观察动态响应和d轴绕组电流傅里叶分析,并在电网电压阶跃变化和系统存在白噪声两种状态下与传统PI控制的效果进行对比,验证了所提自抗扰功率解耦控制方法及谐波抑制方法的有效性。

绕线式无刷双馈电机伺服系统的双同步转差型解耦控制研究

针对无刷双馈电机在解耦控制以及整体性能分析方面的不足,首先提出了一种双同步坐标系下无刷双馈电机的转差型解耦控制方案,并分析了该控制实现的必要条件。其次,通过对双同步坐标系下的静态方程求解得到该闭环控制下无刷双馈电机的带载特性。当电机转速和控制电机转子磁链一定时,可求解该工况下电机所能达到的带载边界,通过在负载转矩边界内部取值保证整个伺服系统的稳定运行。最后,通过仿真和实验验证了该控制方案的解耦性能和动态性能,同时也验证了该控制下带载性能分析的正确性和有效性。

基于PLC及机器视觉的无刷电机负载性能自动测试系统设计

该文主要介绍一种基于H5U小型PLC控制及机器视觉自动识别电机装夹位置的负载性能自动测试系统设计方法,可应用于无刷直流微特电机的终检阶段,通过上位机进行测试数据处理,评判电机负载性能的合格度。该系统设计无刷电机负载自动加载结构,并采用PLC进行精确动作、信号及试验流程控制;基于机器视觉识别,精确找正电机联轴器位置并自动对中装夹;此外,该系统还利用LabVIEW开发上位机程序,用于测试数据的采集和分析。经验证,该自动测试系统及方法符合无刷电机测试技术要求。

Brushless Doubly-Fed Machines:Opportunities and Challenges

The brushless doubly-fed machine(BDFM)is a family of multiport electric machines with two ac electrical ports and a common mechanical port.Different from the conventional singly-fed machines whose synchronous speed is solely determined by a single supply frequency and the actual pole pair number,the BDFM has two supply frequencies and two different pole pair numbers to control the rotor speed.By the two accessible electrical ports,all BDFMs are endowed with more degrees of freedom for speed and power control,inherent fault-tolerant capability and high reliability.The BDFM in its broad sense has been extensively investigated as a promising alternative to the conventional slip-ring doubly-fed induction machine(DFIM)during the past decades,for both limited and wide speed range applications.This paper presents a new theoretical framework of the BDFM within which all topological variants can be closely linked by the similarities in working principle.The individualities of each machine topology are presented first,followed by the commonalities such as the modeling techniques,modes of operation,design considerations and control strategies.The challenges are identified and highlighted based on recent developments and possible opportunities are predicted considering the unique nature of this special AC machine type.

Design and analysis of a dual-stator brushless doubly-fed induction machine with a staggered dual-cage rotor

In this paper,a new dual-stator brushless doubly-fed induction machine with a staggered dual cage rotor is proposed,with emphasis on the general interconnection rule of the conductor bars for the staggered dual cage rotor.Since the squirrel cage rotor offers the merits of robustness,reliable structure,high slot filling factor,and low rotor resistance comparing to the wound rotor,it is introduced to the dual-stator brushless doubly-fed induction machine to solve the problems of high copper loss and unreliable rotor structure for the dual-stator brushless doubly-fed induction machine with a wound rotor.The originality of this article is to investigate the interconnection rule of conductor bars between the inner and outer cages.The constraint condition that is supposed to be satisfied is deduced by using the rotating magneto-motive force theory,based on which diverse slot/pole combinations are investigated.The performance comparison between the existing and proposed machines is conducted.Finally,a prototype is designed and fabricated.The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed topology.

Overview of Research and Development Status of Brushless Doubly-Fed Machine System

The brushless doubly-fed machine(BDFM)has been widely used due to its advantages of robustness,reliable operation,ease of maintenance,adjustable power factor,small converter capacity and low cost.BDFM is attractive for use in many applications such as variable frequency speed regulation systems and variable speed constant frequency generation systems.Hence,there is a rapidly growing interest in design and control of BDFM.In this paper,the origin and development of BDFM are reviewed,the structural characteristics of BDFM are discussed at length,the principles of operation and design are analyzed,and the different control methods used for BDFM are overviewed and compared in detail.Finally,challenges and opportunities of BDFM are concluded.

绕线转子无刷双馈电机的电磁计算方法

为了快速准确计算绕线转子无刷双馈电机的运行性能,基于无刷双馈电机的等效磁路与电路,提出了一种新型电磁解析快速计算方法。以一台100 kW的绕线转子无刷双馈电机为例,通过对比计算与有限元仿真的结果,证明了此分析方法的快速性与准确性。

Spiral Vector Modeling of Brushless Doubly-fed Induction Machines with Short-circuited Rotor Windings

A unified spiral vector model is presented that can be used to assist the finite element method-based performance analysis of brushless doubly-fed induction machines with various short-circuited rotor windings.Specifically,magnet-free brushless doubly-fed induction machines working in doubly-fed or singly-fed synchronous mode are investigated.A dynamic model in spiral vector notation is developed,based on which the torque-angle and power-angle characteristics are derived.It is shown that the investigated brushless machines are equivalent to a traditional non-salient-pole synchronous machine with brushes.By introducing a conversion factor,they can also be analyzed with methods similar to the conventional phasor theory.A comparison is made between the brushless doubly-fed induction machine and non-salient-pole wound-field synchronous machine with brushes,revealing that the performance of the brushless machine degrades faster when the laminated core is saturated.A scaled-down prototype is tested to validate the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.