Research on Control Strategy of Grid-connected Brushless Doubly-fed Wind Power System Based on Virtual Synchronous Generator Control

The brushless doubly-fed wind power system based on conventional power control strategies lacks ‘inertia’ and the ability to support grid,which leads to the decline of grid stability.Therefore,a control strategy of brushless doubly-fed reluctance generator(BDFRG) based on virtual synchronous generator(VSG) control is proposed to solve the problem in this paper.The output characteristics of BDFRG based on VSG are similar to a synchronous generator(SG),which can support the grid frequency and increase the system ‘inertia’.According to the mathematical model of BDFRG,the inner loop voltage source control of BDFRG is derived.In addition,the specific structure and parameter selection principle of outer loop VSG control are expounded.The voltage source control inner loop of BDFRG is combined with the VSG control outer loop to establish the overall architecture of BDFRG-VSG control strategy.Finally,the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed strategy are verified in the simulation.

Robust Position Observer for Sensorless Direct Voltage Control of Stand-Alone Ship Shaft Brushless Doubly-Fed Induction Generators

The aim of this paper is to investigate an adaptive sensorless direct voltage control(DVC)strategy for the stand-alone ship shaft brushless doubly-fed induction generators(BDFIGs).The proposed new rotor position observer using the space vector flux relations of BDFIG may achieve the desired voltage control of the power winding(PW)in terms of magnitude and frequency,without any speed/position sensors.The proposed algorithm does not require any additional observers for obtaining the generator speed.The proposed technique can directly achieve the desired DVC based on the estimated rotor position,which may reduce the overall system cost.The stability analysis of the proposed observer is investigated and confirmed with the concept of quadratic Lyapunov function and using the multi-model representation.In addition,the sensitivity analysis of the presented method is confirmed under different issues of parameter uncertainties.Comprehensive results from both simulation and experiments are realized with a prototype wound-rotor BDFIG,which demonstrate the capability and efficacy of the proposed sensorless DVC strategy with good transient behavior under different operating conditions.Furthermore,the analysis confirms the robustness of the proposed observer via the machine parameter changes.

Analysis on Effect of Parameters of Different Wind Generator on Power Grid Transient Stability

To analyze the factors which affecting transient stability of power system, the dynamic model of doubly-fed induction generator and direct-drive PM synchronous generator has been built using PSCAD. Impact of different wind farm integration on grid typically in China has been presented. The influence of the variations of transient reactance, negative sequence reactance and rotary inertia on critical clearing time of power system transient stability is analyzed by time-domain simulation. Mixture operation of DFIG and PMSG to optimize the stability of system has been analyzed firstly. The digital simulation results show that doubly-fed induction wind turbines is a better choice to meet the requirement of system instability due to large wind farm integration in comparison with direct-drive PM synchronous wind turbines. With a rather large rotary inertia, the proper ratio of direct-drive PM synchronous wind turbines used in wind farm could be comprehensive planning by optimized the stability of system. Analysis of this paper should be provided as academic reference for improving design of wind farm system.

A Long-Range Generalized Predictive Control Algorithm for a DFIG Based Wind Energy System

This paper presents a new Long-range generalized predictive controller in the synchronous reference frame for a wind energy system doubly-fed induction generator based. This controller uses the state space equations that consider the rotor current and voltage as state and control variables, to execute the predictive control action. Therefore, the model of the plant must be transformed into two discrete transference functions, by means of an auto-regressive moving average model, in order to attain a discrete and decoupled controller, which makes it possible to treat it as two independent single-input single-output systems instead of a magnetic coupled multiple-input multiple-output system. For achieving that, a direct power control strategy is used, based on the past and future rotor currents and voltages estimation. The algorithm evaluates the rotor current predictors for a defined prediction horizon and computes the new rotor voltages that must be injected to controlling the stator active and reactive powers. To evaluate the controller performance, some simulations were made using Matlab/Simulink. Experimental tests were carried out with a small-scale prototype assuming normal operating conditions with constant and variable wind speed profiles. Finally, some conclusions respect to the dynamic performance of this new controller are summarized.

Fault-tolerant control of an open-winding brushless doublyfed wind power generator system with dual three-level converter

To improve the fault redundancy capability for the high reliability requirement of a brushless doubly-fed generation system applied to large offshore wind farms,the control winding of a brushless doubly-fed reluctance generator is designed as an open-winding structure.Consequently,the two ends of the control winding are connected via dual three-phase converters for the emerging open-winding structure.Therefore,a novel fault-tolerant control strategy based on the direct power control scheme is brought to focus in this paper.Based on the direct power control(DPC)strategy,the post-fault voltage vector selection method is explained in detail according to the fault types of the dual converters.The fault-tolerant control strategy proposed enables the open-winding brushless doubly-fed reluctance generator(BDFRG)system to operate normally in one,two,or three switches fault of the converter,simultaneously achieving power tracking control.The presented results verify the feasibility and validity of the scheme proposed.

双定子无刷双馈风力发电机无速度传感器反步法直接功率控制

针对双定子无刷双馈发电机,将内外功率绕组及内外控制绕组分别同相串联以保证电磁一致性。基于Lyapunov和Popov稳定性理论,采用反步法和模型参考自适应系统设计一种无速度传感器的反步法直接功率控制策略,利用空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPMW)以固定开关频率驱动控制绕组机侧变流器IGBT,以减小功率绕组功率波动及电流总谐波畸变率。通过12/8极50 kW样机控制系统的特性仿真研究,结果表明:所提控制策略在亚同步~超同步的速度变化范围内,可实现变速恒频发电、最大功率跟踪、无功功率及单位功率因数控制,电流总谐波畸变率约为2%。

开绕组无刷双馈风力发电机直接功率控制容错策略

针对无刷双馈发电机提出了一种控制绕组采用开绕组拓扑(OW-BDFG)的馈电方案,将三相控制绕组两端打开分别连接变流器构成双两电平变流器(D-TLCs)馈电拓扑,对机侧变流器功率器件IGBT因故障切除后的容错控制策略进行深入分析,提出了功率偏差比较直接功率控制(PEC-DPC)的D-TLCs电压空间矢量优化方案。对比分析了8/4极25kW样机的仿真及实验结果,表明:当机侧变流器1个或2个IGBT被切除后,所提OW-BDFG的PEC-DPC仍可实现变速恒频、最大功率点跟踪及单位功率因数控制,进一步提高了该发电机系统的可靠性和鲁棒性。

复合转子无刷双馈风力发电机的设计与分析

无刷双馈发电机由于取消电刷滑环,可靠性高,在海上风力发电等领域具有应用前景。为了提升转子的调制能力,本文基于电机气隙磁场调制统一理论研究了短路线圈加凸极磁阻调制器结合的复合转子无刷双馈发电机。首先从理论上揭示了复合调制器比单个调制器可产生更高有用谐波分量的机理,之后对复合转子的结构进行优化,包括凸极上笼条数目与短路线圈的连接方式,最后基于所建立的电机模型,对比了复合转子无刷双馈发电机与传统三种无刷双馈发电机的气隙有用谐波构成,2D有限元以及样机实验结果验证了电机拓扑与分析方法的有效性。

Equivalent circuit and characteristic simulation of a brushless electrically excited synchronous wind power generator

A brushless electrically excited synchronous generator （BEESG） with a hybrid rotor is a novel electrically excited synchronous generator. The BEESG proposed in this paper is composed of a conventional stator with two different sets of windings with different pole numbers, and a hybrid rotor with powerful coupling capacity. The pole number of the rotor is different from those of the stator windings. Thus, an analysis method different from that applied to conventional generators should be applied to the BEESG. In view of this problem, the equivalent circuit and electromagnetic torque expression of the BEESG are derived on the basis of electromagnetic relation of the proposed generator. The generator is simulated and tested experimentally using the established equivalent circuit model. The experimental and simulation data are then analyzed and compared. Results show the validity of the equivalent circuit model.

Model of DFIG Wind Farm and Study on Its LVRT Capability

As a typical clean and renewable energy, wind power is becoming more and more widely used in electrical industry. However, its characteristics of random and intermittent have brought serious problems to the power system, such as voltage fluctuation and insufficient reactive power. Based on the K-means clustering algorithm, this paper classifies the doubly-fed induction generators （DFIG） according to the operation of propeller pitch angle control. At the same time, to obtain the optimal parameter, advanced particle swarm optimization （PSO） is used. Then the dynamic model of DFIG under the network fault condition is built. What is more, the role that crowbar circuit plays in low voltage ride through （LVRT） is discussed. Finally, simulations in DigSILENT verify the model.

Doubly-fed induction generator drive based WECS using fuzzy logic controller

The purpose of this paper is to improve the control performance of the variable speed, constant frequency doubly-fed induction generator in the wind turbine generation system by using fuzzy logic controllers. The control of the rotor-side converter is realized by stator flux oriented control, whereas the control of the grid-side converter is performed by a control strategy based on grid voltage orientation to maintain the DC-link voltage stability. An intelligent fuzzy inference system is proposed as an alternative of the conventional proportional and integral （PI） controller to overcome any disturbance, such as fast wind speed variation, short grid voltage fault, parameter variations and so on. Five fuzzy logic controllers are used in the rotor side converter （RSC） for maximum power point tracking （MPPT） algorithm, active and reactive power control loops, and another two fuzzy logic controllers for direct and quadratic rotor currents components control loops. The performances have been tested on 1.5 MW doubly-fed induction generator （DFIG） in a Matlab/Simulink software environment.

Overview of Sub-synchronous Oscillation in Wind Power System

Nowadays with the improvement in the degree of emphasis on new energy, the wind power system has developed more and more rapidly over the world. Usually the wind plants are located in the remote areas which are far from the load centers. Generally series compensated AC transmission and high voltage DC transmission are made use of to improve the transmission capacity as two main effective ways which can solve the problem of large scale wind power transmission. The paper describes the three kinds of impact varieties and impact mechanisms in the sub-synchronous oscillation phenomena of wind power system based on doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind generators. At last, we point out the important problem that should be stressed in the wind power system.

Fault Ride-Through Study of Wind Turbines

The installation of wind energy has increased rapidly around the world. The grid codes about the wind energy require wind turbine (WT) has the ability of fault (or low voltage) ride-through (FRT). To study the FRT operation of the wind farms, three methods were discussed. First, the rotor short current of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) was limited by introducing a rotor side protection circuit. Second, the voltage of DC bus was limited by a DC energy absorb circuit. Third, STATCOM was used to increase the low level voltages of the wind farm. Simulation under MATLAB was studied and the corresponding results were given and discussed. The methods proposed in this paper can limit the rotor short current and the DC voltage of the DFIG WT to some degree, but the voltage support to the power system during the fault largely depend on the installation place of STATCOM.

Wind Energy Conversion System from Electrical Perspective—A Survey

This paper focuses on the wind energy conversion system (WECS) with the three main electrical aspects: 1) wind turbine generators (WTGs), 2) power electronics converters (PECs) and 3) grid-connection issues. The current state of wind turbine generators are discussed and compared in some criteria along with the trends in the current WECS market, which are ‘Variable Speed’, ‘Multi-MW’ and ‘Offshore’. In addition, the other crucial component in the WECS, PECs will be discussed with its topologies available in the current WECS market along with their modulation strategies. Moreover, three main issues of the WECS associating with the grid-connection, fault-ride through (FRT) capability, harmonics/interharmonics emission and flicker, which are the power quality issues, will be discussed due to the increasing responsibility of WECS as utility power station. Some key findings from the review such as the attractiveness of BDFRG are presented in the conclusion of this paper.

基于Elman神经网络控制的无刷双馈电机最大功率点追踪研究

本文以风力发电系统无刷双馈感应电机的最大风能追踪控制为主要研究内容,提出了基于Elman神经网络的最大功率点算法,重点描述了该方法的原理与控制方式,并设计了Elman神经网络的控制器,通过调节桨距角来对无刷双馈电机转矩进行控制,从而实现最大功率点追踪,并具体阐述了神经网络控制的原理以及过程。最后,为了验证最大功率点追踪控制方法的准确性,使用MATLAB/Simulink软件搭建了风力发电系统及Elman神经网络控制器的模型,对5MW风力发电系统进行仿真研究并验证了控制效果。

基于EMPC的无刷双馈发电机直接功率控制

针对无刷双馈发电机模型复杂、耦合性强的问题,提出一种基于扩张状态观测器显式模型预测的直接功率控制策略。通过研究定子控制绕组侧电压与功率绕组侧有功功率和无功功率的关系,推导基于d-q旋转坐标系的直接功率控制状态方程,对功率实现解耦控制。针对模型预测控制在线计算的局限性和系统中存在的扰动因素,提出一种基于扩张状态观测器的显式模型预测控制。该控制策略通过扩张状态观测器对扰动项进行补偿,结合显式模型预测控制将模型预测控制中的优化问题移到“线下解决”,该控制策略提高了在线计算速度和精度,同时扩大了模型预测控制的应用范围。详细介绍了该控制策略的设计原理,并对30 kW低功率无刷双馈风力发电机的控制策略进行了仿真验证。结果表明,该控制方案性能良好,能够提高无刷双馈电机的抗扰动能力,特别是提高了转速和功率变化时的稳定性和鲁棒性。

电网电压对称跌落时无刷双馈风力发电机的状态反馈控制

对于并网运行的无刷双馈风力发电系统,在电网电压瞬时对称跌落时,相当于在并网点突加一个反向电压源。采用传统双闭环PI控制策略时,通过在复频域推导功率绕组和控制绕组瞬态电流的表达式,得出其超调量和振荡时间受发电机参数、电网电压的跌落程度、相位及转速的影响。提出一种状态反馈控制策略,构建以功率绕组和控制绕组电流为状态变量的状态模型。通过反馈矩阵在输入端加入状态变量,改变了发电机系统矩阵的参数,即改变了发电机的等效参数。极点分布图显示状态反馈策略下极点较传统控制极点大幅左移,则系统加速收敛,同时减小了振幅,支撑系统故障过程平稳过渡。最后,通过额定工况下电网电压跌落至20%时的实验波形,验证了状态反馈控制的可行性。

无刷同步发电机电枢绕组温升分析的分段磁热耦合法

为分析30 kVA风冷无刷同步发电机运行过程中电枢绕组的温升情况,依据流体力学和传热学的基本理论知识,建立发电机的流固耦合模型,采用磁热耦合法对电枢绕组的温度进行数值计算和仿真。在整体绕组分析法基础上提出考虑不同区间温度差异的绕组分段分析法,对比研究了绕组分两段与绕组分四段方法,采用拟合的方法得到三种方法下绕组稳态温升。经过温升测试实验验证,绕组分两段方法可以节省仿真时间,大幅提高温升计算精度。

Design and analysis of a dual-stator brushless doubly-fed induction machine with a staggered dual-cage rotor

In this paper,a new dual-stator brushless doubly-fed induction machine with a staggered dual cage rotor is proposed,with emphasis on the general interconnection rule of the conductor bars for the staggered dual cage rotor.Since the squirrel cage rotor offers the merits of robustness,reliable structure,high slot filling factor,and low rotor resistance comparing to the wound rotor,it is introduced to the dual-stator brushless doubly-fed induction machine to solve the problems of high copper loss and unreliable rotor structure for the dual-stator brushless doubly-fed induction machine with a wound rotor.The originality of this article is to investigate the interconnection rule of conductor bars between the inner and outer cages.The constraint condition that is supposed to be satisfied is deduced by using the rotating magneto-motive force theory,based on which diverse slot/pole combinations are investigated.The performance comparison between the existing and proposed machines is conducted.Finally,a prototype is designed and fabricated.The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed topology.