通过总结所有IaaS(infrastructure as a service)云服务定价的方法,明确了pay-per-use和subscription是目前业界普遍采用的两种定价方法,分析了IaaS云服务定价影响因素,并把IaaS云计算服务的五大基础参数(初始投资、合同期限、资源折旧...通过总结所有IaaS(infrastructure as a service)云服务定价的方法,明确了pay-per-use和subscription是目前业界普遍采用的两种定价方法,分析了IaaS云服务定价影响因素,并把IaaS云计算服务的五大基础参数(初始投资、合同期限、资源折旧、服务质量和资源年限)映射到BSM模型中,利用复利摩尔定律和BSM模型公式计算出IaaS云服务在两种定价方法(pay-per-use和subscription)下相对应的价格范围,并分析了两种定价方法的适应范围,更好地解决了现阶段对于IaaS云服务定价中只有云计算服务提供商单边定价的弊端,并从云计算服务提供商和用户两者的角度提供了对于IaaS服务价格的衡量标准。展开更多
Understanding functional relations among plant traits and their modulation by growing conditions is imperative in designing selection strategies for breeding programs. This study assessed trait relationships among 196...Understanding functional relations among plant traits and their modulation by growing conditions is imperative in designing selection strategies for breeding programs. This study assessed trait relationships among 196 common bean genotypes exposed to stresses for drought and field infestation of bean fly or bean stem maggot(BSM). The study was carried out at two locations and data was analyzed with linear correlation, path coefficient and genotype × trait biplot analyses. Multiple trait data related to mechanisms of drought and bean fly tolerance were collected on 196 genotypes grown under i) water deficit at mid-pod fill, or ii) unprotected against bean fly; iii) irrigated, well watered conditions, or iv) bean fly protection with chemicals. Seed yield exhibited positive and significant correlations with leaf chlorophyll content, vertical root pulling resistance, pod harvest index, pods per plant and seeds per pod at both phenotypic and genotypic levels under stress and non-stress conditions. Genotypic correlations of traits with seed yield were greater than their respective phenotypic correlations across environments indicating the greater contribution of genotypic factors to the trait correlation. Pods per plant and seeds per pod had high positive direct effects on seed yield both under stress and non-stress whereas pods per plant had the highest indirect effect on seed yield through pod harvest index under stress.In general, our results suggest that vertical root pulling resistance and pod harvest index are important selection objectives for improving seed yield in common beans under non-stress and stress conditions, and particularly useful for drought and BSM tolerance evaluation.展开更多
This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of the benefit sharing mechanism(BSM)pilot policy on sustainable use of non-timber forest products(NTFPs)and natural resources conservation in co-management forest of Bach Ma N...This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of the benefit sharing mechanism(BSM)pilot policy on sustainable use of non-timber forest products(NTFPs)and natural resources conservation in co-management forest of Bach Ma National Park.Evaluation methods were route and permanent plot survey,household interview,in-depth interview,village meeting,group discussion and workshop at commune level.Results showed that:(1)the BSM policy had brought favorable conditions for local people in sustainable use and development of the NTFPs,as well as minimised the threats to biodiversity in co-managed forest;(2)the harvest amounts of seven selected NTFPs after two years of the BSM policy implementation were higher than growth rate of every NTFP and the permitted harvest amounts of the benefit sharing plans(BSP);(3)although there was a risk of over-exploitation of the NTFPs,the annual yields in 2013 and 2014 were much lower,but more sustainable than that before the BSM implementation;(4)the forest protection status in the co-management areas was also better than before.Additionally,this study has also defined and recommended that in order to continue the BSM,it is necessary to ensure the sustainable exploitation of NTFPs,as well as implement more enforcement activities inside the co-management forest area.展开更多
文摘通过总结所有IaaS(infrastructure as a service)云服务定价的方法,明确了pay-per-use和subscription是目前业界普遍采用的两种定价方法,分析了IaaS云服务定价影响因素,并把IaaS云计算服务的五大基础参数(初始投资、合同期限、资源折旧、服务质量和资源年限)映射到BSM模型中,利用复利摩尔定律和BSM模型公式计算出IaaS云服务在两种定价方法(pay-per-use和subscription)下相对应的价格范围,并分析了两种定价方法的适应范围,更好地解决了现阶段对于IaaS云服务定价中只有云计算服务提供商单边定价的弊端,并从云计算服务提供商和用户两者的角度提供了对于IaaS服务价格的衡量标准。
基金the Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) PASS project for providing financial support for the field studythe South Agricultural Research Institute (SARI) for hosting this researchDrs. I.M. Rao and B. Raatz at CIAT for supplying methods to analyze the recombinant inbred lines used as well the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation through the Generation Challenge Program (GCP), Tropical Legume I (TL-I) project, for financial support to the research
文摘Understanding functional relations among plant traits and their modulation by growing conditions is imperative in designing selection strategies for breeding programs. This study assessed trait relationships among 196 common bean genotypes exposed to stresses for drought and field infestation of bean fly or bean stem maggot(BSM). The study was carried out at two locations and data was analyzed with linear correlation, path coefficient and genotype × trait biplot analyses. Multiple trait data related to mechanisms of drought and bean fly tolerance were collected on 196 genotypes grown under i) water deficit at mid-pod fill, or ii) unprotected against bean fly; iii) irrigated, well watered conditions, or iv) bean fly protection with chemicals. Seed yield exhibited positive and significant correlations with leaf chlorophyll content, vertical root pulling resistance, pod harvest index, pods per plant and seeds per pod at both phenotypic and genotypic levels under stress and non-stress conditions. Genotypic correlations of traits with seed yield were greater than their respective phenotypic correlations across environments indicating the greater contribution of genotypic factors to the trait correlation. Pods per plant and seeds per pod had high positive direct effects on seed yield both under stress and non-stress whereas pods per plant had the highest indirect effect on seed yield through pod harvest index under stress.In general, our results suggest that vertical root pulling resistance and pod harvest index are important selection objectives for improving seed yield in common beans under non-stress and stress conditions, and particularly useful for drought and BSM tolerance evaluation.
文摘This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of the benefit sharing mechanism(BSM)pilot policy on sustainable use of non-timber forest products(NTFPs)and natural resources conservation in co-management forest of Bach Ma National Park.Evaluation methods were route and permanent plot survey,household interview,in-depth interview,village meeting,group discussion and workshop at commune level.Results showed that:(1)the BSM policy had brought favorable conditions for local people in sustainable use and development of the NTFPs,as well as minimised the threats to biodiversity in co-managed forest;(2)the harvest amounts of seven selected NTFPs after two years of the BSM policy implementation were higher than growth rate of every NTFP and the permitted harvest amounts of the benefit sharing plans(BSP);(3)although there was a risk of over-exploitation of the NTFPs,the annual yields in 2013 and 2014 were much lower,but more sustainable than that before the BSM implementation;(4)the forest protection status in the co-management areas was also better than before.Additionally,this study has also defined and recommended that in order to continue the BSM,it is necessary to ensure the sustainable exploitation of NTFPs,as well as implement more enforcement activities inside the co-management forest area.
