Discovery of Large Bubble-Like Caves in the Laoshan Granites and Its Significance

Objective In recent years, the dispute regarding the Quatemary glacier of eastem China has become a research focus again, and one of the important focuses is the ＂glacial pothole＂. In fact, the micro-topographic genesis of the rocky surface mortar may be interpreted differently in different places, including pothole, weathering pit, sea cave and wind-eroding pot. It is very controversial to determine this ＂glacial pothole＂.

Mathematical modeling of evolution of cell networks in epithelial tissues

Epithelial cell networks imply a packing geometry characterized by various cell shapes and distributions in terms of number of cell neighbors and areas.Despite such simple characteristics describing cell sheets,the formation of bubble-like cells during the morphogenesis of epithelial tissues remains poorly understood.This study proposes a topological mathematical model of morphogenesis in a squamous epithelial.We introduce a new potential that takes into account not only the elasticity of cell perimeter and area but also the elasticity of their internal angles.Additionally,we incorporate an integral equation for chemical signaling,allowing us to consider chemo-mechanical cell interactions.In addition to the listed factors,the model takes into account essential processes in real epithelial,such as cell proliferation and intercalation.The presented mathematical model has yielded novel insights into the packing of epithelial sheets.It has been found that there are two main states:one consists of cells of the same size,and the other consists of“bubble”cells.An example is provided of the possibility of accounting for chemo-mechanical interactions in a multicellular environment.The introduction of a parameter determining the flexibility of cell shapes enables the modeling of more complex cell behaviors,such as considering change of cell phenotype.The developed mathematical model of morphogenesis of squamous epithelium allows progress in understanding the processes of formation of cell networks.The results obtained from mathematical modeling are of significant importance for understanding the mechanisms of morphogenesis and development of epithelial tissues.Additionally,the obtained results can be applied in developing methods to influence morphogenetic processes in medical applications.

Restoration of pseudo-spin symmetry in N = 32 and N = 34 isotones described by relativistic Hartree-Fock theory

The restoration of pseudo-spin symmetry（PSS） along the N = 32 and N = 34 isotonic chains and the physics behind are studied by applying the relativistic Hartree-Fock theory with the effective Lagrangian PKA1. Taking the proton pseudo-spin partners(π2s1/2, π1d3/2) as candidates, the systematic restoration of PSS along both isotonic chains is found from sulphur（S） to nickel（Ni）, while an obvious PSS violation from silicon（Si） to sulphur is discovered near the drip lines. The effects of the tensor force components are investigated, introduced naturally by the Fock terms, which can only partially interpret the systematics from calcium to nickel, whereas they fail for the overall trends. Further analysis following the Schr?dinger-like equation of the lower component of Dirac spinor shows that contributions from the Hartree terms dominate the overall systematics of the PSS restoration. Such effects can be self-consistently interpreted by the evolution of the proton central density profiles along both isotonic chains. In particular, the PSS violation is found to tightly relate to the dramatic changes from the bubble-like density profiles in silicon to the central-bumped ones in sulphur.