宽增益高效率级联式四开关Buck-Boost LLC变换器

为了解决变频控制的桥臂共用型四开关Buck-BoostLLC级联变换器磁性元件设计和优化困难的问题,提出一种二次侧为特殊全桥整流结构的级联式四开关Buck-Boost LLC变换器。通过控制二次侧开关管的交叠导通时间以拓宽变换器的电压增益。该变换器可根据不同的输入电压范围工作在交叠模式和整流模式;在不改变变换器参数的条件下将增益显著提高,能够适应更宽范围的输入电压,同时保持了变换器较高的工作效率。在两种工作模式的基础上,采用移相控制使变换器所有开关管实现零电压导通(ZVS),二极管实现零电流关断(ZCS)。结合状态平面轨迹分析法,对定频控制的级联式四开关Buck-Boost LLC变换器进行模态分析,并推导两种工作模式下的输入-输出表达式和开关管的软开关实现条件。最后,通过研制一台70~280 V输入、240 W/28 V输出的实验样机,验证了理论分析的正确性。

带感性负载的Buck-Boost变换器的非线性行为分析及优化控制

Buck-Boost变换器在某些参数发生变化时会呈现出丰富的非线性行为,这些行为将严重影响系统的稳定性,使得系统输出的电能质量劣化。文章基于实际变换器的负载特性,深入研究了感性阻抗负载下Buck-Boost变换器的非线性行为产生机理,提出了一种对数延迟反馈控制方法。该方法选取系统的输出延迟值与自身的值作差形成反馈信号;将该信号通过比例环节、求和环节和对数环节形成控制信号,以负反馈的形式施加于系统;最后基于稳定判据确定最优控制参数并对系统实施控制。为验证该方法的有效性,进行了大量的仿真实验,结果表明该方法能很好地抑制系统的非线性行为,扩展其稳定边界,改善系统输出的电能质量。

非最小相位的单电感双输出Buck-Boost变换器的复合控制方法

单电感双输出Buck-Boost (SIDO Buck-Boost)变换器在电感电流连续模式(CCM)下工作存在交叉影响以及非最小相位特性的问题.为了解决上述问题,提出基于储能函数的扩张状态观测器(ESO)的改进非奇异快速终端滑模(NFTSM)和自抗扰控制(ADRC)相结合的控制策略.设计主路控制器,对系统的传递函数进行拟合得到ADRC范式,利用该范式对主路进行解耦控制.设计支路控制器,采用改进型ESO对储能函数进行观测,并将观测值反馈补偿到非奇异快速终端滑模控制律中,达到支路解耦的效果.为了抑制滑模控制的抖振问题,对趋近律进行改进.利用Lyapunov理论证明系统稳定性.基于硬件在环(HIL)实验平台进行实验验证.结果表明,所提控制策略与PI控制策略以及基于ESO的滑模控制策略相比,在超调量和响应时间上具有较好的效果.

基于开关流图法的Buck-Boost变换器小信号建模分析

阐述Buck-Boost变换器具有输出纹波低,电压可控等优点,广泛应用于新能源汽车电池发电、直流微电网。建立小信号模型有利于对电路系统主电路的控制和控制回路的设计。分析Buck-Boost变换器,利用开关流图法和信号支路的模型建立变换器的流图,从而推导出变换器的小型号模型。

Optimized Model Based Controller with Model Plant Mismatch for NMP Mitigation in Boost Converter

In this paper,an optimized Genetic Algorithm(GA)based internal model controller-proportional integral derivative(IMC-PID)controller has been designed for the control variable to output variable transfer function of dc-dc boost converter to mitigate the effect of non-minimum phase(NMP)behavior due to the presence of a right-half plane zero(RHPZ).This RHPZ limits the dynamic performance of the converter and leads to internal instability.The IMC PID is a streamlined counterpart of the standard feedback controller and easily achieves optimal set point and load change performance with a single filter tuning parameterλ.Also,this paper addresses the influences of the model-based controller with model plant mismatch on the closed-loop control.The conventional IMC PID design is realized as an optimization problem with a resilient controller being determined through a genetic algorithm.Computed results suggested that GA–IMC PID coheres to the optimum designs with a fast convergence rate and outperforms conventional IMC PID controllers.

Buck Converter Current Measurement Using Differential Amplifier

The accuracy of the measured current is a preeminent parameter for Current Control based Power Converter applications to ensure genuine operation of the designed converter.The current measurement accuracy can be affected by several parameters which includes the type of technology used,components used for the selected technology,aging,usage,operating and environmental conditions.The effect of gain resistors and their manufacturing tolerances on differential amplifier-based buck converter current measurement is investigated in this work.The analysis mainly focused on the output voltage variation and its accuracy with respect to the change in gain resistance tolerances.The gain resistors with 5%,1%,0.5%and 0.1%manufacturing tolerances taken for the worst-case analysis and the calculated performance results are compared and verified with the simula-tion results.The Operational amplifiers(Op-Amp)for high frequency power con-verter applications must operate in a high frequency noise environment and the intended current measuring system must manage common mode noise distur-bances paired with the signal to be measured.Based on the Common Mode Rejec-tion Ratio(CMRR)the common mode voltages and noise signals will effectively getfiltered out.Lesser CMRR results in lower common mode signal rejection,resulting in poor precision and noise rejection.In differential amplifiers,the CMRR predominantly depends on gain resistors.So,the variations in Common Mode Rejection Ratio due to gain resistor tolerances also analyzed and compared with the output voltage variations.Besides the effects of resistor tolerances,this paper also examines the effect of Op-Amp offset voltage on output accuracy spe-cifically for low magnitude input currents.The obtained results from this analysis clearly shows that the gain resistors with 0.1%tolerance gives maximum accuracy with improved CMRR and accuracy at low magnitude input currents will get well improved by using Op-Amps with Low Offset voltage specifications.

Mode shift and stability control of a current mode controlled buck-boost converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode with ramp compensation

By establishing the discrete iterative mapping model of a current mode controlled buck-boost converter, this paper studies the mechanism of mode shift and stability control of the buck-boost converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode with a ramp compensation current. With the bifurcation diagrazn, Lyapunov exponent spectrum, time- domain waveform and parameter space map, the performance of the buck-boost converter circuit utilizing a compensating ramp current has been analysed. The obtained results indicate that the system trajectory is weakly chaotic and strongly intermittent under discontinuous conduction mode. By using ramp compensation, the buck-boost converter can shift from discontinuous conduction mode to continuous conduction mode, and effectively operates in the stable period-one region.

Modeling and dynamics analysis of the fractional-order Buck-Boost converter in continuous conduction mode

In this paper, the fractional-order mathematical model and the fractional-order state-space averaging model of the Buck-Boost converter in continuous conduction mode （CCM） are established based on the fractional calculus and the Adomian decomposition method. Some dynamical properties of the current-mode controlled fractional-order Buck- Boost converter are analysed. The simulation is accomplished by using SIMULINK. Numerical simulations are presented to verify the analytical results and we find that bifurcation points will be moved backward as α and β vary. At the same time, the simulation results show that the converter goes through different routes to chaos.

Sampled-data modeling and dynamical effect of output-capacitor time-constant for valley voltage-mode controlled buck-boost converter

By analyzing the output voltage ripple of a buck-boost converter with large equivalent series resistance（ESR） of output capacitor, one valley voltage-mode controller for buck-boost converter is proposed. Considering the fact that the increasing and decreasing slopes of the inductor current are assumed to be constant during each switching cycle, an especial sampleddata model of valley voltage-mode controlled buck-boost converter is established. Based on this model, the dynamical effect of an output-capacitor time-constant on the valley voltage-mode controlled buck-boost converter is revealed and analyzed via the bifurcation diagrams, the movements of eigenvalues, the Lyapunov exponent spectra, the boundary equations,and the operating-state regions. It is found that with gradual reduction of output-capacitor time-constant, the buck-boost converter in continuous conduction mode（CCM） shows the evolutive dynamic behavior from period-1 to period-2, period-4, period-8, chaos, and invalid state. The stability boundary and the invalidated boundary are derived theoretically by stability analysis, where the stable state of valley voltage-mode controlled buck-boost converter can enter into an unstable state, and the converter can shift from the operation region to a forbidden region. These results verified by time-domain waveforms and phase portraits of both simulation and experiment indicate that the sampled-data model is correct and the time constant of the output capacitor is a critical factor for valley voltage-mode controlled buck-boost converter, which has a significant effect on the dynamics as well as control stability.

Research of an Efficient LED Lighting Driver Based on Boost-Buck Converter

Boost-Buck converter is widely used in LED lighting drivers. In this paper, Boost-Buck main circuit related characteristics are firstly discussed, and then a new Boost-Buck high power efficient double loop control strategy is built by adopting error amplifier and integrator control method. It is demonstrated that the new system has many advantages such as high efficiency, fast response, strong anti-interference, good stability after analyses and simulations of its working dynamic characteristics.

Synthesis of Nonlinear Control of Switching Topologies of Buck-Boost Converter Using Fuzzy Logic on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)

An intelligent fuzzy logic inference pipeline for the control of a dc-dc buck-boost converter was designed and built using a semi-custom VLSI chip. The fuzzy linguistics describing the switching topologies of the converter was mapped into a look-up table that was synthesized into a set of Boolean equations. A VLSI chip–a field programmable gate array (FPGA) was used to implement the Boolean equations. Features include the size of RAM chip independent of number of rules in the knowledge base, on-chip fuzzification and defuzzification, faster response with speeds over giga fuzzy logic inferences per sec (FLIPS), and an inexpensive VLSI chip. The key application areas are: 1) on-chip integrated controllers;and 2) on-chip co-integration for entire system of sensors, circuits, controllers, and detectors for building complete instrument systems.

基于Buck-Boost准谐振电路的电池自适应分组均衡方案研究

针对Buck-Boost均衡电路中开关频繁通断导致均衡效率降低的问题,文中对传统的Buck-Boost电路进行改进,设计可实现开关管的零电压导通的准谐振电路,有助于减小开关损耗,提高均衡电路的效率。为减少开关管的通断次数,并缩短均衡时间,均衡策略采用全局优化视角,分段选择电压和SOC作为目标均衡变量,并提出电池单体间、单元间及模组之间的自适应分组均衡策略。以8个电池串联的电池组为例,设计静置、充电、放电和浮充均衡实验,结果表明,与传统方案相比,提出的均衡电路和均衡策略在均衡效率和速度上有显著提升,可助力电池组的整体性能提升及其延寿。

输入输出共地型三电平Buck/Boost变换器飞跨电容电压自平衡分析

输入输出共地型Buck/Boost变换器中飞跨电容的平衡机理是变换器正常运行及飞跨电容电压控制的关键。在实际应用中,飞跨电容虽然具有一定的自平衡作用,但是其平衡能力与多种因素有关。在现有的文献中,针对Buck/Boost变换器飞跨电容的自平衡能力与哪些因素相关的问题尚未有深入的分析。因此,基于输入输出共地型Buck/Boost变换器,建立高次谐波模型,定量分析飞跨电容具有自平衡能力的原因;在谐波模型基础上,更进一步分析驱动误差、变换器回路交流阻抗、母线电容、负载电阻及飞跨电容对于飞跨电容平衡能力的影响,指出变换器回路交流阻抗是实际应用中飞跨电容具有自平衡能力的主要因素。最后,在实验平台上对相关分析进行实验验证。

A high precision electron beam welder power supply based on buck-boost converter using fuzzy PID control

A novel electron beam welder （ EBW） power supply was developed. Compared with the traditional 3-phase contrail 12-pulse rectifying supplies, it requires a much lower step-up ratio transformer, but a much less output ripple voltage can be obtained. The design of the main circuit of this new power supply is based on PWM buck-boost converter topology. In developing the system a fuzzy PID control method is adopted because of the strong non-linearity and big signal working conditions of the circuit system. The SABER-MATLAB models and fuzzy algorithm were used in developing the fuzzy PID controller. The co-simulation and experimental results displayed that the unit introduced herein has the characteristics of high control precision and antinterference capability.

一种电流模式Buck-Boost变换器的混沌与反混沌混合控制方法

由于混沌系统具有内在随机性的特征,其状态变量之间的关联性有时很弱,甚至不相关,因而难以对系统实施有效控制。文中基于状态关联和参数扰动的思想提出了一种Buck-Boost变换器混沌与反混沌混合控制方法。所提方法定义了一个调整系数来表征状态变量之间的耦合强度,通过调节该系数达到控制其耦合强度的目的,并建立系统的数学模型。利用系统的微分项来表征参数扰动项,对系统施加一定范围的参数扰动。根据控制目标,通过改变调整系数实现对系统的混沌与反混沌控制。基于单值矩阵理论和Simulink仿真平台验证了方法的有效性。所提方法仅需调整一个外部参数,即可将任意状态下的电流型Buck-Boost变换器控制到周期1、周期2轨道及混沌态。

非反向Buck-Boost变换器的三段式ZVS控制策略

目前文献中的四边形控制方法及其改进方案,能实现非反向Buck-Boost变换器各开关管的ZVS,但存在如下问题:需使用多维查找表或外部存储设备而无在线检测实时计算的闭环、较大的通态损耗和多模式切换引起的输出电压波动等。该文针对上述3个问题提出一种三段式变频ZVS控制策略。首先,去除四边形控制中电感电流的环流续流环节,以减小电感电流有效值并提高效率。其次,在不添加任何额外有源或无源器件的条件眄,将整个宽输入电压范围分成3个模式,分析每个模式的特点,以增加控制条件和简化计算过程,同时实现各模式的在线实时恒压闭环和通态损耗最小ZVS而无需使用多维查找表和线性插值,整体控制简单易实现。然后,提出基于三段式ZVS控制的多模式平滑切换控制策略,可保证在模式切换时各开关管占空比跳变前后,闭环输出始终保持稳定。最后,本文给出了各模式区间划分的理论依据,并搭建500 W实验样机验证了所提方案的有效性。

单级单相无电解电容Buck-Boost逆变器

该文给出一种无电解电容的单级单相Buck-Boost逆变器。该逆变器可以灵活地实现升降压以适应宽输入范围的直流侧电压;仅用一个工作于正负半周的低值直流储能电感而无需电解电容和大电感,开关器件和无源器件数目少,因而降低了成本和体积,提高了可靠性、使用寿命和功率密度;通过改变储能电感电流方向实现极性反转,控制方式十分简洁,非常适用于中小功率光伏系统。该文详述了Buck-Boost逆变器的工作原理、升降压能力及调制策略,并在此基础上,完成该逆变器升降压、扰动以及并网控制的仿真和实验,结果良好且与理论分析相契合。

基于CESO的SIDO Buck-Boost变换器自抗扰控制策略

针对单电感双输出Buck-Boost变换器两输出支路va和vb间存在交叉影响,暂态性能差等问题,提出一种基于级联扩张状态观测器(CESO)的自抗扰控制(ADRC)策略.首先,根据ADRC理论将主路和支路分别拟合为相互独立的系统,减少支路间的交叉影响;其次,设计CESO对系统总扰动进行估计,消除因传统扩张状态观测器不完全估计而造成的观测残差,并利用CESO对电路传感器高频噪声的抑制作用,进一步提高观测值的估计精度;然后,将观测值作用于ADRC的状态误差反馈控制率,以提高系统的暂态性能;最后,利用Lyapunov理论证明了控制系统的闭环稳定性.仿真结果表明:本文所提控制策略有效减小了两输出支路va和vb间的交叉影响,同时提高了系统的暂态性能.