Study on Futon Patterns in Mural of Buddhist Temple in Wutai Mountain under Digital Vision

Dao Xuan’s Gantonglu records:“About fifteen kilometers down from the southeast of the Wutai Mountain,there is the ancient Dafu Lingjiu Temple,and there are two Taoist temples in the east and west,where Buddhist matters are fulfilled.According to ancient legend,it was made by Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty”(Daoxuan,Tang Dynasty,p.257).It can be seen that Buddhism has been introduced into Wutai Mountain since the Eastern Han Dynasty,and Buddhist temple murals have been painted on the walls of temples with the introduction of Buddhism,playing the role of spreading scriptures and decorating the walls.The pattern of Buddha’s futon base in the murals reflects the worship and rank differences of Buddhist monks in different periods.As a medium of meditation and worship,futuan is also a ritual instrument in Buddhist legend,which is of great significance.The research on the style of futon from the perspective of the frescoes in the temple of Wutai Mountain mainly focuses on the historical evolution of the frescoes and futon,the research and analysis of the base shape,pattern,composition and color of the futon in the frescoes of the temple.Explore the religious significance and historical and cultural value behind the futon style.

Restoration of Plant Landscapes in the Building Complex of Chanfu Temple and Wanfo Tower in Beihai Park

To restore plant landscapes in the building complex of Chanfu Temple and Wanfo Tower in Beihai Park, this paper proposed to review the historical development, explored plant selection and confi guration in Buddhist temple in the same period and same region, consulted literatures and fi gured out aesthetic intentions of the original owner. In addition, on the basis of further analysis of current situation and multiple bases as well as modern people's visiting and use needs, the paper gave suggestions for the plant confi guration of the temple.

Buddhist Archaeology in Xinjiang:Findings and Significance of Mo'er Temple Archaeological Site

After three years of archaeological excavation on Mo'er Temple Site in Kashgar,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China,archaeologists have found a massive Buddhist temple complex,and have unearthed a large number of ancient relics,including Buddha statues made of gypsum,bronze coins,pottery,woodware,animal skeleton,grains,and fruit kernels.This article is a preliminary collation and summary for these crucial findings,including the initial establishment,development,evolution,and final abandonment of Mo'er Temple,Mo'er Temple's general layout and its architectural structure,and features of cultural exchange on the Silk Road that Mo'er Temple reflects.These new discoveries prove that Mo'er Temple is a solid evidence of the coexistence and spread of multiple religions in Xinjiang in the history.It demonstrates that Chinese civilization is both unified and diverse,inclusive and understanding;and may serve great importance to researches and studies on the evolutionary history of religions in Xinjiang.

Buddhist Palace Guangyou Temple

Guangyou Temple was set up firstly during the Han Dynasty but was burned by tsarist Russian i nvaders in 1900. In 2002, it was rebuilt up . Guangyou Temple covers an area of 60000

Merging of Chinese and Western Culture:On Archaeological Discovery of Tangchaodun Ancient City

Tangchaodun(or Tang Dynasty mound)Ancient City is located in northeast part of Qitai county in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture,Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.From 2018 to 2021,Renmin University of China had been cooperating with Xinjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology.According to archaeological excavation findings and historical documents,Tangchaodun Ancient City was initially established during Zhenguan era(627-649)of Tang dynasty;it had gone through wars and chaos,had been used by Qocho Kingdom(843-14th century),Western Liao(or as the Great Liaol124-1218),and Yuan Dynasty(1271-1368),and was abandoned possibly during the reign of Chagatai Khanate in the 14th century.The ancient bathhouse of Tangchaodun Ancient City is of large scale,higher standard,and long-time usage;it is repaired and renovated for multiple times;and it most likely is a public bathhouse for citizens.The main bodies of the Buddhist temple and the Nestorian Church relic unearthed are mainly constructed between Tang dynasty(618-907)and Qocho Kingdom;excavations on the Buddhist temple show that it is built above raw soil layer,which indicates that it is built during the same period with Tang dynasty's Puleixian(Pulei County)Ancient City.Archeology findings in Tangchaodun Ancient City may serve as solid historic evidence for the multi-ethnic integration,multi-religion coexistence,and the mingling of cultures from Tang dynasty to Yuan dynasty;and it may serve as vivid and substantial materials for further research and interpretation regarding subjects including east and west cultural exchange,and the forming and developing pathway of multi-ethnic integration and"great unity".The relics of Tangchaodun Ancient City is of great revelation for our ongoing discussions on the forming and development of community for the Chinese nation.

The Sacred Imagination of Mountains and Its Spatial Influence in Early Medieval China： The Case of Mount Tiantai

Mountains were among the most important sacred geographical spaces in early medieval China thanks to the widespread building of Buddhist temples and Taoist abbeys in the mountains. They were sanctified both in imagination and in reality in the early medieval era. Accordingly, spatial studies have been conducted along these two dimensions. The former dimension deals with the numerous abodes of sages and immortals, while the latter examines Buddhist and Taoist monks and the stone chambers and temples or abbeys in which they practiced self-cultivation. In the case of Mount Tiantai, an imagined system of immortals＇ mountain abodes had emerged as early as in the middle of the Eastern Jin dynasty. A specific immortal was Wang Ziqiao, the Perfected of Mount Tongbai, who had authority over the Jinting palace and administration. The imagining of immortals＇ abodes not only helped the Taoists determine the locations of Taoist abbeys, but also inspired monks who hoped to practice self-cultivation with the help of the powers of mountain gods and immortals. In a sense, this was a process in which knowledge of the immortals shaped the landscape of Buddhist temples and Taoist abbeys.