Screening for Anti-tumor Activity of Fractions from Buddleja officinalis Maxim

[Objectives]The anti-tumor activity of fractions from Buddleja officinalis Maxim.by petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and water solvent was studied.[Methods]The ethanol extract from B.officinalis Maxim.was extracted and then concentrated with petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and water,respectively,and the extracts were obtained.The inhibitory effects of the four different fractions on the growth of three tumor cell lines in vitro were detected by CCK-8 method,and the median inhibitory concentration(IC 50 value)was calculated.[Results]The four fractions inhibited the growth of the three tumor cell lines in vitro,among which the n-butanol fraction had the best anti-tumor activity.The IC 50 values of the n-butanol fraction on human gastric cancer(SGC-7901),human breast cancer(MCF-7)and human liver cancer(BEL-7404)cell lines were 0.08,1.58 and 0.12 mg/mL,respectively.[Conclusions]Petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and water fractions from the ethanol extract of B.officinalis Maxim.had certain anti-tumor effects,and the n-butanol fraction had the best anti-tumor activity.

Study on Quality Standard of Zhuang Medicine Buddlejae Flos

[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the quality control method and establish the quality standard of Zhuang medicine Buddlejae Flos.[Methods]The microscopic identification method was adopted to identify the characters and microscopic characteristics of dried Buddlejae Flos in combination with traditional experience.The moisture,ash,acid-insoluble components and extracts of Buddlejae Flos were determined with reference to general rules of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition).TLC identification was performed.Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)was used to determine the contents of linarin and verbascoside in Buddlejae Flos,and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was adopted to detect pesticide residues in Buddlejae Flos.Heavy metal elements As,Cd and Pb were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).[Results]The established method is simple and accurate.Clear spots were observed on the thin layer chromatograms,and the resolution was good.The average value of moisture content was 12.24%;the average value of ash content was 5.1%;the average value of acid-insoluble content was 7.5%;and the average value of extract content was 27.3%.The regression equation of rutin in Buddlejae Flos was y=11.896x-0.0049,R^(2)=0.9996,and the contents of linarin and verbascoside were 5680 and 2080 mg/kg,respectively.No pesticide residues and heavy metals were detected in the medicinal materials of Buddlejae Flos.[Conclusions]This study can provide reference for the quality standard control of Guangxi Zhuang medicine Buddlejae Flos.

云南醉鱼草属(Buddleja L.)观赏植物资源的调查研究

在对云南分布的醉鱼草属观赏资源系统调查和资料整理的基础上 ,研究了该属植物在云南的地理分布规律及 2 5种 (包括变种 )醉鱼草的观赏性状 ,包括花、叶、香气等观赏特征及其开花期 。

不同施磷水平下水麻(Debregeasia orientalis)及醉鱼草(Buddleja lindleyana)的生长响应与磷吸收累积特征研究

通过盆栽试验,研究了水麻（Debregeasia orientalis）和醉鱼草（Buddleja lindleyana）在不同土壤磷水平下的生长响应和磷累积特征。结果表明：随着磷处理浓度（0、5、10、15、20、25、30mg·kg-1）的升高,水麻的株高、根长及生物量均升高,而醉鱼草各处理间的生物量差异不显著;水麻地上部和根部最大磷含量分别为7.57、5.07g·kg-1,醉鱼草分别为3.75、4.08g·kg-1;水麻地上部最大磷累积量为103.32mg·pot-1,而醉鱼草仅为18.07mg·pot-1;水麻和醉鱼草地上部磷富集系数分别为7.41~12.93和1.95~5.06,迁移系数分别为1.47~2.33和0.87~1.08。综上所述,水麻在富磷环境下表现出较强的适应能力和磷累积能力,醉鱼草也能适应富磷环境,但其磷累积能力较弱。因此,水麻和醉鱼草都具有高效移除土壤中过剩磷素的潜力。

Effects of extract of Buddleja officinalis on partial inflammation of lacrimal gland in castrated rabbits with dry eye

AIMTo assess the effects of extract of Buddleja officinalis on tear secretion volume, tear film stability, expressions of TGF-β1, IL-1β, TNF-α in lacrimal gland of castrated rabbits with dry eye.

醉鱼草属（Buddleja L．）观赏植物资源及其利用

中国城市的园林绿化建设取得了很大成绩，景植物材料，目前中国对此的认识和应用还很不够。技术、园林用途及国外观赏醉鱼草的开发利用现状；并就开发利用中国的观赏醉鱼草资源提出了对策。但是花灌木类园林植物明显不足。醉鱼草作为一类优良的造简要介绍了的观赏醉鱼草的形态特征、观赏特性、栽培养护对中国醉鱼草属观赏植物种质资源及利用现状进行了阐述，

沙漠腹地醉鱼草(Buddleja alternifolia)栽培苗对水盐胁迫的响应

为了研究盐、旱及其交互胁迫下植物生长和生理特性的变化,了解沙漠腹地极端生境下互叶醉鱼草(Buddleja alternifolia)幼苗的适应性,确定合理的灌溉方式,为沙漠腹地醉鱼草的引种提供理论依据。通过大田控制实验,设计了3个水分梯度和4个盐分梯度随机结合实验,定位测量生长量和生化指标,最后基于隶属函数法综合评价醉鱼草的抗旱耐盐性。结果表明:(1)在干旱胁迫或低浓度盐胁迫下,醉鱼草的地径、新枝和冠幅生长量均呈上升趋势,而在高盐浓度胁迫下均降低;水盐交互胁迫下,不同的盐浓度与干旱交互胁迫效果不同,低盐浓度与干旱交互胁迫时(W1S1、W2S1),植物生长量均上升,高盐浓度与干旱交互胁迫时(W1S3、W2S3),植物生长量均降低。(2)无论是盐胁迫、干旱胁迫还是盐、旱交互胁迫,醉鱼草游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量随着胁迫程度的增加均呈显著上升的趋势。(3)醉鱼草的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化物酶(POD)活性变化相对复杂,除了在干旱胁迫时,SOD活性和POD活性都显著下降外,在盐胁迫和交互胁迫时它们各自的变化并不一致。醉鱼草在盐胁迫、交叉胁迫和干旱胁迫时,渗透调节物质和酶活性各自对应的发生了变化,没有明显的同步性,存在相互协调的可能,同时植物细胞的敏感性远远强于表型生长的变化,高盐浓度的伤害并没有表现在植物外部形态上,但酶活性及渗透调节物质却有显著变化。通过隶属函数分析显示,醉鱼草最佳的生长水盐条件是盐浓度为8 g·L^-1、灌水量为25 L·次^-1,对水盐胁迫的抗旱耐盐性为:干旱胁迫>交互胁迫>盐胁迫。

Iridoid Glycosides from Buddleja lindeyana

Aim To study the chemical constituents of Buddleja lindeyana. Methods The constituents were separated and purified by different methods of chromatography, and their structures were elucidated by IR, MS and NMR. Results Three iridoid glycosides and two other compounds were isolated from Buddleja lindeyana. Their structures were elucidated to be 6-O-feruloylajugol ( 1 ), erythro-6-oxo-4′-( 3-methoxyl-4-hydroxyphenylglycol-8')-feruloylaj-ugol ( 2 ), threo-6-oxo-4′-(3-methoxyl-4-hydroxyphenylglycol-8')-feruloylajugol ( 3 ), tetra-cosanoic acid 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (4), and galactitol (5). Conclusion All the compounds have been isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 have protective effect agains MPP+ -induced apoptosis.

Morphological characteristics of leaf epidermis and size variation of leaf,flower and fruit in different ploidy levels in Buddleja macrostachya (Buddlejaceae)

Buddleja macrostachya （Buddlejaceae） is a widespread shrub native to the Sino-Himalayan mountains and beyond. It has been found to occur at two ploidy levels, hexaploid, 2n=6x=114 and dodecaploid, 2n= 12x=228. To determine if morphological characters might be used as indicators of ploidy levels, we measured floral and fruit length, relative and absolute leaf size, trichome density on both leaf surfaces, and stomatal density and length in different populations orB. macrostachya. In general, flower and fruit length, absolute leaf size, and stomatal length in,eased with an increase at ploidy level （P〈0.01）, whereas adaxial cell and stomatal density decreased with an increase at ploidy level （P〈0.01）. We found no conspicuous differences in relative leaf size （P〉0.05） in different populations. Other characters studied such as trichome type, cuticular membrane and ornamentation of stomata, cell and stomatal shape, and anticlinal wall pattern were quite constant in this species. Thus it appears that flower and fruit length, absolute leaf size, and stomatal frequency and length can be used to distinguish hexaptoid from dodecaploid cytotypes either in the field or in herbarium specimens.

Effects of Buddlejae Flos Granules on Inflammatory Factors TGF-β1,NF-κB,IL-10 and IL-12 in Lacrimal Gland Cells of Castrated Male Rabbits

Objective To observe the effects of Buddlejae Flos (Mi Meng Hua,密蒙花) granules on the expression of TGF-β1, NF-κB, IL-10 and IL-12 in lacrimal gland cells in castrated male rabbits. Methods A total of 30 New Zealand male white rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group A: blank group;group B: model group;group C: Buddlejae Flos (Mi Meng Hua,密蒙花) granules group;group D: placebo group;group E: testosterone group. Except for the group A, all rabbits were treated with bilateral testicular and epididymis resection before intervention. Rabbits in group C were administered with Buddlejae Flos (Mi Meng Hua,密蒙花) granules (100 mg/kg), 3 times per day;Rabbits in group D were administered with normal saline, 3 times per day. Rabbits in group E were injected with testosterone propionate (0.5 mL/kg) in the thigh muscle, every 3 days. Schirmer I test (SIT) and break-up time (BUT) were measured on 1st day before modeling and 30th day after modeling. After 30 days of intervention, all rabbits were sacrificed. The removal lacrimal gland was stained in immunohistochemica staining. The expression of TGF-β1, NF-κB, IL-10 and IL-12 in lacrimal gland tissue of each group was detected, and the structure of lacrimal gland was observed. Results The results of SIT and BUT showed that there was significant difference between group B and D compared with group A (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between group C and E (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the comparison of inflammatory factors TGF-β1, NF-κB, IL-10 and IL-12 between group B and D (P > 0.05). There were significant differences between group B and D compared with other groups (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between group A, C and E (P > 0.05). Conclusions Buddlejae Flos (Mi Meng Hua,密蒙花) granules have an inhibitory effect on the expression of TGF-β1, NF-κB, IL-10 and IL-12 in castrated male rabbit lacrimal gland cells, and alleviate the inflammation of lacrimal gland tissue by inhibiting the expression of TGF-β1, NF-κB, IL-10 and IL-12 in lacrimal gland tissue, so as to treat dry eye.

Effect of Flos Buddlejae Granules on Apoptosis Factors Bax,Bcl-2,Fas and FasL in Lacrimal Gland Cells of Castrated Male Rabbits

Objective To observe the effect of different concentration Flos Buddlejae(Mi Meng Hua,密蒙花)granules on apoptosis factors of lacrimal gland cells of castrated male rabbits,and study the treatment effects of Flos Buddlejae(Mi Meng Hua,密蒙花)granules in the dry eye model of castrated male rabbits.Methods Flos Buddlejae(Mi Meng Hua,密蒙花)raw material was made into granules.Thirty healthy adult New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into five groups,six rabbits in each group.Group A:blank group,Group B:model group,Group C:Flos Buddlejae(Mi Meng Hua,密蒙花)granule group,Group D:placebo group,Group E:testosterone group.Except for group A,all rabbits underwent removal of bilateral testis and epididymis.Rabbits in group C were administered Flos Buddlejae(Mi Meng Hua,密蒙花)granules(100 mg/kg),three times per day;rabbits in group D were administered normal saline,three times per day.Rabbits in group E were injected with testosterone propionate(0.5 mL/kg)in the thigh muscle,every 3 days.All rabbits were tested by Schirmer I test(SIT)and tear film break-up time(BUT)before operation and 4 weeks after operation.After 4 weeks,all rabbits were sacrificed by air embolism and clipping of the lacrimal gland.Apoptosis factors,including Bax,Bcl-2,Fas and FasL of lacrimal gland cells were characterized by immunohistochemistry,and resulting data were statistically analyzed.Results(1)Comparison of SIT and BUT before and after operation:There were statistically significant differences between groups B and D(P<0.01),but not among other groups(P>0.05).(2)Comparison of apoptosis factors Bax,Bcl-2 Fas and FasL:In a comparison of groups B and D,there was no statistically significant difference after operation(P>0.05).In a comparison of the other groups,there were statistically significant differences(P<0.01).In comparisons among A,C and E groups,there were no statistically significant differences(P>0.05).Conclusion Compared with androgen,Flos Buddlejae(Mi Meng Hua,密蒙花)granules caused similar but slightly weaker depression of Bax,Fas and FasL,and increased expression of Bcl-2.

无柄醉鱼草与大叶醉鱼草的遗传多样性解析

无柄醉鱼草(Buddleja sessilifolia)是狭域分布的极小种群野生植物(Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations,PSESP),大叶醉鱼草(B.davidii)则是广布种,二者亲缘关系较近,且同为四倍体。通过比较濒危物种与近缘广布种的遗传多样性,可以了解濒危物种的演化历史,为制定保护策略提供理论依据。本研究通过简单重复序列(Simple Sequence Repeats,SSR)分子标记对无柄醉鱼草5个居群(126个个体)和大叶醉鱼草14个居群(206个个体)进行遗传多样性和遗传结构解析,并提出对无柄醉鱼草的保护建议。结果表明,无柄醉鱼草和大叶醉鱼草各居群的期望杂合度(He)平均值分别为0.606、0.775,Shannon′s多样性指数(I)平均值分别为1.162、1.729,两个物种均具有较高的遗传多样性,但广布种大叶醉鱼草遗传多样性水平高于狭域种无柄醉鱼草;无柄醉鱼草和大叶醉鱼草遗传分化系数(F ST)分别为0.043和0.024,两个物种居群间遗传分化程度均较低。遗传结构分析结果表明,无柄醉鱼草5个居群可划分为2个集群,居群间地理距离与遗传距离不存在相关性;大叶醉鱼草14个居群可划分为3个集群,居群间地理距离与遗传距离相关。结合野外居群现状,建议对无柄醉鱼草划分保护单元,重点对丹珠居群和独龙江隧道口居群开展就地保护,同时采取种质资源收集、人工繁育等保护措施。

醉鱼草内生细菌ZJ1的生物学特性及防病促生效果

为推动生物防治技术在实践中的应用,本研究采用稀释涂布平板法对菌株ZJ1的致死温度和酸碱度进行测定,结果表明,菌株ZJ1的致死温度为96℃、可存活20 min;致死pH为≤4或≥14。而生物膜能够吸附土壤中的金属离子改善植物生长环境,帮助生防菌株更好地定殖在植物表面,发挥生防功能。采用菌膜检测法观察几种常见金属离子对菌株ZJ1生物膜形成的影响,结果表明,0.3%的Zn2+、Mn2+、Cu2+和Fe2+会抑制菌株ZJ1产生生物膜,但同浓度的Mg2+、K+均可促进菌株ZJ1生物膜的产生;进一步采用96微孔板定量法对菌株ZJ1生物膜形成能力进行了测定,结果表明,菌株ZJ1为强生物膜形成株。室内盆栽试验结果表明,菌株ZJ1发酵液10×稀释液对番茄早疫病的保护效果最高,达到95.54%,菌株ZJ1发酵液200×稀释液对番茄灰霉病的治疗效果最高达,到91.99%。综合考虑菌株ZJ1对两种病害的治疗和保护效果,菌株ZJ1发酵液稀释200×防治效果最好。且菌株ZJ1发酵液10~200×均具有促生效果。因此,菌株ZJ1是一株具有生防潜力的微生物菌株。

响应面法优化密蒙花黄色素的快速提取工艺

目的优化密蒙花黄色素的闪式提取工艺。方法以黄色素提取得率为指标,采用响应面设计法对闪式提取过程中的乙醇浓度、提取转速及时间等因素进行优化。结果闪式提取密蒙花黄色素的最佳工艺条件为:固定料液比30 ml/g,调整乙醇浓度46%,提取转速8650 r/min、提取时间104 s。在此条件下,黄色素得率可达69.22±1.4mg/g。结论该方法高效、稳定、可靠,为密蒙花黄色素的深入开发提供了一定依据。

白背枫枝叶的化学成分研究

目的:研究白背枫Buddleja asiatica Lour.枝叶的化学成分。方法:经MCI gel、硅胶、C_(18)反相硅胶、Sephadex LH-20凝胶等柱色谱方法进行分离纯化,利用1D-NMR、2D-NMR并结合理化性质鉴定其结构。结果:从白背枫枝叶中分离得到20个化合物,分别鉴定为:正十六烷(1)、肉桂酸(2)、对甲氧基肉桂醛(3)、异阿魏酸(4)、1-油酸单甘油酯(5)、齐墩果酸(6)、高圣草素(7)、globularin(8)、米内苷(9)、2α-羟基乌苏酸(10)、6-羟基木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(11)、车前苷(12)、1,6-di-O-caffeoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (13)、6-O-caffeoyl ajugol (14)、毛蕊花糖苷(15)、nudifloside (16)、β-香树脂醇(17)、咖啡酸(18)、熊果酸(19)、胡萝卜苷(20)。其中,化合物2~5、7、8、10~12、18~20为首次从该植物中分离得到。

白背枫的化学成分和药理活性研究

白背枫(Buddleja asiatica Lour)为马钱科醉鱼草属植物,原植物为亚洲醉鱼草,全株有毒,民间用来毒鱼,同时还是一种具有杀虫作用的观光型植物。白背枫的根、茎叶具有祛风化湿,行气活血等功效。目前,有关白背枫的研究主要集中在生态修复功能、园林应用、扦插繁殖和生药鉴别等领域。而与之香气成分的醉鱼功效及药用价值相关的化学成分研究并不深入,国内外仅有少量文献报道。文章根据已发表文献,对白背枫的化学成分和药理活性研究进行综述,以期为白背枫后续研究提供借鉴。

两种醉鱼草属植物根内真菌多样性和功能特征

为了解醉鱼草属Buddleja广布物种的根内真菌多样性异同和功能特征,对密蒙花Buddleja officinalis和白背枫B.asiatica的根内真菌进行了高通量测序和相关生物信息学分析。结果表明,从密蒙花和白背枫根内分别获得429和267个真菌扩增子序列变异(amplicon sequence variants,ASVs)特征序列,但两者在α-多样性指数上无显著性差异;通过物种注释发现,子囊菌门Ascomycota和担子菌门Basidiomycota物种均为两种植物根内真菌的主要成分,但白背枫根系中担子菌门物种(主要为伞菌纲Agaricomycetes)明显占优势,可见它们在物种组成上有明显差别;通过生态功能注释发现,密蒙花和白背枫根内分别有87个真菌和94个真菌ASVs被注释到生态功能,且共生(Symbiotroph)、腐生(Saprotroph)和寄生(Pathotroph)真菌均能在两种植物的根内被探测到,但类群存在异同;共生菌方面,在两种植物根内均检测到外生菌根真菌类的蜡壳耳科Sebacinaceae真菌,而丛枝菌根真菌类的多孢囊霉目Diversisporales仅见于密蒙花根内,丛枝菌根真菌类的球囊霉科Glomeraceae物种仅见于白背枫根内等。上述研究结果表明,密蒙花和白背枫在根内真菌多样性上无显著差异,但其根系对真菌的偏好性可能不同。

正交试验对密蒙花总黄酮分离纯化工艺的优化

优选密蒙花(Buddleja officinalis Maxim)总黄酮的分离纯化工艺条件。以总黄酮含量为指标,通过静态和动态试验确定较佳树脂,并通过单因素试验和正交试验优化密蒙花中总黄酮的分离纯化工艺。结果表明,采用AB-8型吸附树脂纯化效果较佳,其优化的密蒙花总黄酮分离纯化工艺为上样浓度2.24mg/m L,用3 BV 50%乙醇洗脱,洗脱流速为1.5 m L/min;处理后所得干膏中总黄酮的纯度为71.31%。其优选的工艺条件简单可行,可为工业化纯化密蒙花总黄酮提供参考。

不同产地密蒙花指纹图谱研究

目的:建立UPLC指纹图谱结合化学模式识别以及化学成分分析的密蒙花药材质量评价方法。方法:建立密蒙花药材UPLC指纹图谱,采用化学计量法分析不同产地的密蒙花药材质量差异,采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS)对指纹峰进行鉴别。结果:20批密蒙花药材指纹图谱相似度在0.9以上,确定了11个共有峰并得到鉴定,各批样品之间的相似度在0.9以上。聚类分析将20批密蒙花分为3类;主成分分析表明主成分1、2、3是影响密蒙花药材质量的主要因子,OPLS-DA分析筛选出6个差异性标志物。结论:该研究为深入密蒙花药材质量控制研究提供科学依据。

基于电化学方法的抗癌中草药密蒙花中芹菜素的研究

[目的]研究抗肿瘤中草药芹菜素在玻碳电极上的电化学行为。[方法]运用循环伏安法(CV)、差示脉冲伏安法(DPV)进行研究。[结果]芹菜素运用循环伏安法(CV)在B-R(浓度50%乙醇,pH9.0)缓冲溶液中有一不可逆的吸收波,该氧化过程受扩散控制。利用差示脉冲伏安法(DPV)研究发现在芹菜素浓度为5.0×10-6～9.0×10-5mol/L范围内,吸收峰电流与峰电位有良好的线性关系,检测限为1.5×10-6mol/L。根据差示脉冲伏安法(DPV)中吸收峰的峰电流与芹菜素浓度的线性关系建立了该药物的电化学检测方法,该方法不用预分离其他黄酮类化合物就能达到检测样品中芹菜素含量的目的。[结论]这是一种新型的芹菜素的检测方法。