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Operation optimization strategy of existing residential building energy-saving renovation market:From the perspective of subject behavior
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作者 GUO Han-ding LI Rui-jiao +1 位作者 QIN Guang-lei ZHANG Yin-xian 《Ecological Economy》 2024年第3期290-300,共11页
The energy-saving renovation of existing residential buildings is a crucial measure to achieve the strategic goal of energy conservation and emission reduction in China and build ecologically livable cities.This artic... The energy-saving renovation of existing residential buildings is a crucial measure to achieve the strategic goal of energy conservation and emission reduction in China and build ecologically livable cities.This article focuses on the perspective of subject behavior,starting from analyzing the current situation and difficulties of the operation of the energy-saving renovation market for existing residential buildings in China,drawing on the practical experience of the operation of the existing residential building energy-saving renovation market abroad.Based on principles such as systematicity,humanization,feasibility,and sustainability,the article constructs an operation optimization system of the existing residential building energy-saving renovation market from the perspective of subject behavior.In order to provide a reference for the healthy and orderly operation of the existing residential building energy-saving renovation market,this paper proposes implementation strategies for optimizing the operation of the existing residential building energy-saving renovation market.Suggestions are proposed from four aspects:optimizing the market environment,innovating the financing model,building the information sharing platform,and utilizing the synergies of the main subjects. 展开更多
关键词 the existing residential buildings energy-saving renovation market operation optimization strategy perspective of subject behavior
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Behavior characteristics and market operation problems of existing building energy-saving renovation market
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作者 GUO Han-ding WANG Ming-yu +1 位作者 MA Xing-neng ZHANG Yin-xian 《Ecological Economy》 2023年第3期271-283,共13页
The long-term and effective implementation of the existing building energy efficiency renovation depends on the development of the existing building energy efficiency renovation market.The key to the development of th... The long-term and effective implementation of the existing building energy efficiency renovation depends on the development of the existing building energy efficiency renovation market.The key to the development of the existing building energy efficiency renovation market is the joint role of the market players.Starting with the analysis of the externalities and information asymmetry of the existing building energy efficiency renovation market,this paper analyzes the behavioral characteristics and influencing factors of the existing building energy efficiency renovation market entities(central government,local government,owners,energy conservation service enterprises,third-party evaluation institutions,and other market entities),and reveals the problems of the existing building energy efficiency renovation market,such as the absence of government,the lack of main power,and the lack of financing channels,Thus,it lays a platform foundation for the research on the behavior strategy and security system of the existing building energy-s aving renovation market. 展开更多
关键词 the existing buildings energy-saving transformation subjective behavior EXTERNALITY information asymmetry
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Assessing effectiveness of existing building energy-saving reconstruction policy adapted to market development 被引量:1
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作者 GUO Han-ding LIU Mei-chen WEI Xing 《Ecological Economy》 2020年第2期111-119,共9页
The market development and policy matching of existing building energy-saving retrofits determine the effectiveness of policies in promoting the operation of existing building energy-saving retrofit market.Based on th... The market development and policy matching of existing building energy-saving retrofits determine the effectiveness of policies in promoting the operation of existing building energy-saving retrofit market.Based on the perspective of market development to evaluate the effectiveness of existing building energy-saving transformation policy,it is necessary to clarify the basic connotation of the effectiveness of existing building energy-saving transformation policy,systematically analyze the evaluation content,construct a multi-level evaluation index system,and select scientific and effective quantitative evaluation methods to implement a strict evaluation process. 展开更多
关键词 existing building energy-saving transformation market development policy effectiveness evaluation system grey comprehensive evaluation
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Incentive operation characteristics and influence feedback of existing building energy-saving renovation market development
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作者 WANG Feng-hui GUO Han-ding WANG Xing 《Ecological Economy》 2021年第3期186-207,共22页
The quality of the existing building energy-saving renovation market determines the inherent inevitability of incentive,while unique requirements for the incentive should be satisfied by stage characteristics and indi... The quality of the existing building energy-saving renovation market determines the inherent inevitability of incentive,while unique requirements for the incentive should be satisfied by stage characteristics and individualization of the three entities of the existing building energy-saving renovation market development.Firstly,the analysis of internal and external factors’composition and system influencing the existing construction market development incentive structure was performed.Then,system dynamics was implemented to build the feedback model of incentive effects of market development of existing buildings energy-saving reconstruction.Discussions on the realization path of the incentive for the development of the existing energy-saving building market were also pointed out.Finally,this paper conducted the analysis of the dynamic feedback characteristics and key incentive factors of the incentive for the development of the existing building energy-saving renovation market.Based on the analyses and discussions above,this paper provides methodological guidance and implementation approach for the incentive path selection and policy-making of the existing building energy-saving transformation market,trying to help improve the incentive effectiveness of the market,and also promote healthy and sustainable development of the existing building energy-saving renovation market. 展开更多
关键词 existing building energy-saving renovation market development incentive operation influencing factor dynamic feedback
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International government regulatory experience of building energy-saving: A survey
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作者 GUO Han-ding ZHANG Yin-xian +1 位作者 ZHAO Qian-qian REN Shao-ming 《Ecological Economy》 2017年第3期291-300,共10页
Government regulation on building energy saving starts earlier in America, Holland, Japan and other developed countries, and has accumulated wealthy experience which is worth reference for China. According to practica... Government regulation on building energy saving starts earlier in America, Holland, Japan and other developed countries, and has accumulated wealthy experience which is worth reference for China. According to practical work of building energy efficiency in China, the government regulation should to be divided into two stages: recent advance and forward continued promotion of industry. In short term, we should cultivate and improve energy efficiency market as the main task by means of enhancing awareness of energy conservation, accelerating heating system reform, implementing effective encouraging policy and setting up building energy efficiency sign system and etc. While in long term, we should put emphasis on upgrading and development of building energy efficiency industry by ways of improving standard and norm system, constructing technological guarantee system and forming socialized cooperation system and etc. 展开更多
关键词 building energy-saving government regulation international experience SURVEY
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Assessing effectiveness for revenue distribution of existing building energy-saving renovation project
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作者 GUO Han-ding DU Peng-hui WU Si-cai 《Ecological Economy》 2021年第1期19-26,共8页
The revenue distribution of the existing building energy-saving renovation is the lever to drive the subject’s momentum,and the effectiveness of revenue distribution of existing building energy-saving renovation proj... The revenue distribution of the existing building energy-saving renovation is the lever to drive the subject’s momentum,and the effectiveness of revenue distribution of existing building energy-saving renovation projects is conducive to a scientific evaluation mechanism.This paper analyzes the evaluation factors of the effectiveness of revenue distribution of existing building energy-saving renovation projects,constructs evaluation indicator system for the effectiveness of revenue distribution of existing building energy-saving renovation projects.It selects a scientific quantitative evaluation method for the effectiveness of revenue distribution of existing building energy-saving renovation projects,implements the effectiveness evaluation of revenue distribution of existing building energy-saving renovation projects,measures degree of the effectiveness of revenue distribution of existing building energy-saving renovation projects scientifically,improves the revenue distribution mechanism of existing building energy-saving renovation projects continuously,and drives the development of existing building energy-saving renovation practices in revenue. 展开更多
关键词 existing building energy-saving renovation revenue distribution effectiveness evaluation
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Investment risk evaluation of existing building energy-saving renovation project for ESCO 被引量:1
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作者 GUO Han-ding ZHANG Yin-xian +1 位作者 WU Si-cai SHANG Ling 《Ecological Economy》 2018年第3期180-189,共10页
The investment risk management of the existing building energy-saving renovation project for ESCO cannot be separated from the scientific risk measurement and evaluation. The investment risk assessment is the basis of... The investment risk management of the existing building energy-saving renovation project for ESCO cannot be separated from the scientific risk measurement and evaluation. The investment risk assessment is the basis of investment decision and project implementation. Based on the content analysis and balance of evaluation principle of investment risk evaluation on the existing building energy-saving renovation project, we set up three levels of existing building energy-saving renovation project investment risk evaluation index system, use fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the quantitative process, get the scientific assessment of the investment risk of existing building energy-saving renovation project, and support the investment risk response strategy and control measures of existing building energy-saving renovation project for ESCO. 展开更多
关键词 ESCO existing building energy-saving RENOVATION INVESTMENT risk EVALUATION system fuzzy COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION
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EPC Implementation,Institutional Legitimacy,and Building Energy-Saving Performance
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作者 刘丹 《中国城市经济》 2011年第5X期263-264,共2页
this paper suggested a model to address two important but unexplored questions-how EPC affects the buildings energy-saving performance and how institutional legitimacy of ESCOs moderates the relationship between EPC a... this paper suggested a model to address two important but unexplored questions-how EPC affects the buildings energy-saving performance and how institutional legitimacy of ESCOs moderates the relationship between EPC and buildings energy-saving performance.The results indicate that the implementation of EPC has a positive effect on building senergy-saving performance.And also,the sociopolitical legitimacy positively moderates the relationship between the implement of EPC and buildings energy-saving performance and the cognitive legitimacy positively moderates the relationship between the implement of EPC and buildings energy-saving performance. 展开更多
关键词 EPC energy-saving MANAGEMENT INSTITUTIONAL Legitim
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Existing building energy-saving reconstruction market in China: Characteristics and prospect
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作者 GUO Han-ding ZHANG Yin-xian +1 位作者 CHEN Si-min MA Xing-neng 《Ecological Economy》 2018年第3期211-215,共5页
The development of existing building energy saving reconstruction market depends on the interaction among service market, capital market and technology market. Analysis of the characteristics of both building energy-s... The development of existing building energy saving reconstruction market depends on the interaction among service market, capital market and technology market. Analysis of the characteristics of both building energy-saving service market, capital market and technology market, and analysis on the role of existing building energy saving reconstruction market development in energy conservation and emission reduction development strategy, energy-saving transformation policy implementation and promotion of other industries landing, will be conducive to energy-saving renovation of existing buildings market cultivation and development. 展开更多
关键词 existing building energy-saving RECONSTRUCTION MARKET CHARACTERISTICS development PROSPECT
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Design and implementation strategy of social responsibility sharing mechanism of existing building energy-saving renovation subject
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作者 GUO Han-ding DU Zhuang CHEN Si-min 《Ecological Economy》 2022年第1期66-80,共15页
It is the key to promote the development of energy-saving renovation market of existing buildings to share the social responsibility of the subject of energy-saving renovation of existing buildings.This paper analyzes... It is the key to promote the development of energy-saving renovation market of existing buildings to share the social responsibility of the subject of energy-saving renovation of existing buildings.This paper analyzes the principle and implementation conditions of social responsibility sharing of existing building energy-saving renovation subject,discusses the mode selection and contract design of social responsibility sharing of existing building energy-saving renovation subject,analyzes the implementation mechanism of social responsibility sharing of existing building energy-saving renovation subject from the perspectives of information platform architecture,shared process design and shared system construction.And this paper puts forward the implementation strategy of sharing the social responsibility of the subject of the existing building energy-saving renovation from the aspects of stabilizing the subject’s cooperative relationship,creating a good responsibility environment and improving the responsibility performance laws and regulations. 展开更多
关键词 existing buildings energy-saving renovation subject social responsibility sharing mechanism implementation strategy
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Exploration of Energy-Saving Technologies in Building Electrical System Design
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作者 Yong Zhang 《Journal of Electronic Research and Application》 2024年第4期28-33,共6页
Green energy conservation is the mainstream trend in the current development of the construction industry.The application of energy-saving technology in building electrical system design can effectively reduce energy ... Green energy conservation is the mainstream trend in the current development of the construction industry.The application of energy-saving technology in building electrical system design can effectively reduce energy consumption,avoid unnecessary energy consumption,and truly achieve energy conservation and environmental protection.Based on this,the article elaborates on the principles of energy-saving design in building electrical systems,and actively explores the application of energy-saving technologies from different perspectives such as optimizing power supply and distribution system design,adopting high-efficiency energy-saving lighting equipment,applying renewable energy,promoting smart home technology,and improving the efficiency of building electrical equipment. 展开更多
关键词 building electrical system design energy-saving technology
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Energy-Saving Construction Technologies for Buildings
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作者 Jingjing Sun 《Journal of World Architecture》 2024年第3期43-48,共6页
The development of the construction industry is shifting towards low-carbon construction,so it is necessary to improve and optimize related construction concepts,methods,and processes.By improving resource and energy ... The development of the construction industry is shifting towards low-carbon construction,so it is necessary to improve and optimize related construction concepts,methods,and processes.By improving resource and energy control efficiency in building projects,minimizing construction waste,and reducing environmental impact,a foundation for the sustainable development of the industry can be established.This paper mainly analyzes the significance of low-carbon energy-saving construction technology and the control factors of construction,summarizes the status quo of the development of building energy-saving construction,and puts forward strategies for applying building energy-saving construction technology.These strategies serve to achieve low-carbon and energy-saving goals to promote the healthy development of energy-saving construction. 展开更多
关键词 Low-carbon energy-saving concept CONSTRUCTION energy-saving construction Thermal insulation technology Intelligent technology
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Green,Sustainable Architectural Bamboo with High Light Transmission and Excellent Electromagnetic Shielding as a Candidate for Energy-Saving Buildings 被引量:7
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作者 Jing Wang Xinyu Wu +5 位作者 Yajing Wang Weiying Zhao Yue Zhao Ming Zhou Yan Wu Guangbin Ji 《Nano-Micro Letters》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第1期209-224,共16页
Currently,light-transmitting,energy-saving,and electromagnetic shielding materials are essential for reducing indoor energy consumption and improving the electromagnetic environment.Here,we developed a cellulose compo... Currently,light-transmitting,energy-saving,and electromagnetic shielding materials are essential for reducing indoor energy consumption and improving the electromagnetic environment.Here,we developed a cellulose composite with excellent optical transmittance that retained the natural shape and fiber structure of bamboo.The modified whole bamboo possessed an impressive optical transmittance of approximately 60%at 6.23 mm,illuminance of 1000 luminance(lux),water absorption stability(mass change rate less than 4%),longitudinal tensile strength(46.40 MPa),and surface properties(80.2 HD).These were attributed to not only the retention of the natural circular hollow structure of the bamboo rod on the macro,but also the complete bamboo fiber skeleton template impregnated with UV resin on the micro.Moreover,a multilayered device consisting of translucent whole bamboo,transparent bamboo sheets,and electromagnetic shielding film exhibited remarkable heat insulation and heat preservation performance as well as an electromagnetic shielding performance of 46.3 dB.The impressive optical transmittance,mechanical properties,thermal performance,and electromagnetic shielding abilities combined with the renewable and sustainable nature,as well as the fast and efficient manufacturing process,make this bamboo composite material suitable for effective application in transparent,energy-saving,and electromagnetic shielding buildings. 展开更多
关键词 Electromagnetic interference shielding Biomass material TRANSMITTANCE energy-saving BAMBOO
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Multi-subject and multi-objective integrated optimization system and implementation strategy for energy-saving renovation of the existing residential buildings
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作者 GUO Han-ding JIN Zhen-xing +1 位作者 QIAO Wan-zhen ZHANG Yin-xian 《Ecological Economy》 2023年第2期149-162,共14页
The core of the healthy and orderly operation of the existing residential building energy-saving renovation market lies in the exploration of the implementation mechanism of multi-subject and multi-objective integrate... The core of the healthy and orderly operation of the existing residential building energy-saving renovation market lies in the exploration of the implementation mechanism of multi-subject and multi-objective integrated optimization.The multi-agent and multi-objective integrated optimization system framework is a powerful tool to guide the scientific decision-making of the market core structural entities in the future market practice. This paper analyzes the practical dilemma of energy-saving renovation of theexisting residential buildings in China, summarizes the practical experience of multi-subject and multi-objective integrated optimization of energy-saving renovation of the existing residential buildings in foreign countries, and puts forward beneficial practical enlightenment on the basis of comparison at home and abroad;The design principles of the target integrated optimization system have established a multi-subject and multi-objective integrated optimization system framework for the energy-saving renovation of the existing residential buildings, from six aspects: government guidance, trust consensus, value co-creation, risk sharing, revenue sharing, and social responsibility sharing. This paper proposes a multi-subject and multi-objective integrated practice strategy, in order to promote the efficient and orderly development of China's existing residential building energy-saving renovation market. 展开更多
关键词 the existing residential buildings energy-saving renovation win-win cooperation multi-objective integration hierarchical optimization
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A New Dynamic and Vertical Photovoltaic Integrated Building Envelope for High-Rise Glaze-Facade Buildings
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作者 Wuwei Zou Yan Wang +3 位作者 Enze Tian Jiaze Wei Jinqing Peng Jinhan Mo 《Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第8期194-203,共10页
Substantially glazed facades are extensively used in contemporary high-rise buildings to achieve attractive architectural aesthetics.Inherent conflicts exist among architectural aesthetics,building energy consumption,... Substantially glazed facades are extensively used in contemporary high-rise buildings to achieve attractive architectural aesthetics.Inherent conflicts exist among architectural aesthetics,building energy consumption,and solar energy harvesting for glazed facades.In this study,we addressed these conflicts by introducing a new dynamic and vertical photovoltaic integrated building envelope(dvPVBE)that offers extraordinary flexibility with weather-responsive slat angles and blind positions,superior architectural aesthetics,and notable energy-saving potential.Three hierarchical control strategies were proposed for different scenarios of the dvPVBE:power generation priority(PGP),natural daylight priority(NDP),and energy-saving priority(ESP).Moreover,the PGP and ESP strategies were further analyzed in the simulation of a dvPVBE.An office room integrated with a dvPVBE was modeled using EnergyPlus.The influence of the dvPVBE in improving the building energy efficiency and corresponding optimal slat angles was investigated under the PGP and ESP control strategies.The results indicate that the application of dvPVBEs in Beijing can provide up to 131%of the annual energy demand of office rooms and significantly increase the annual net energy output by at least 226%compared with static photovoltaic(PV)blinds.The concept of this novel dvPVBE offers a viable approach by which the thermal load,daylight penetration,and energy generation can be effectively regulated. 展开更多
关键词 Weather-responsive facades building energy efficiency Dynamic photovoltaic integrated building envelopes(PVBEs) building-integrated photovoltaics(BIPVs)
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Reinforcement Learning Model for Energy System Management to Ensure Energy Efficiency and Comfort in Buildings
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作者 Inna Bilous Dmytro Biriukov +3 位作者 Dmytro Karpenko Tatiana Eutukhova Oleksandr Novoseltsev Volodymyr Voloshchuk 《Energy Engineering》 EI 2024年第12期3617-3634,共18页
This article focuses on the challenges ofmodeling energy supply systems for buildings,encompassing both methods and tools for simulating thermal regimes and engineering systems within buildings.Enhancing the comfort o... This article focuses on the challenges ofmodeling energy supply systems for buildings,encompassing both methods and tools for simulating thermal regimes and engineering systems within buildings.Enhancing the comfort of living or working in buildings often necessitates increased consumption of energy and material,such as for thermal upgrades,which consequently incurs additional economic costs.It is crucial to acknowledge that such improvements do not always lead to a decrease in total pollutant emissions,considering emissions across all stages of production and usage of energy and materials aimed at boosting energy efficiency and comfort in buildings.In addition,it explores the methods and mechanisms for modeling the operating modes of electric boilers used to collectively improve energy efficiency and indoor climatic conditions.Using the developed mathematical models,the study examines the dynamic states of building energy supply systems and provides recommendations for improving their efficiency.These dynamic models are executed in software environments such as MATLAB/Simscape and Python,where the component detailing schemes for various types of controllers are demonstrated.Additionally,controllers based on reinforcement learning(RL)displayed more adaptive load level management.These RL-based controllers can lower instantaneous power usage by up to 35%,reduce absolute deviations from a comfortable temperature nearly by half,and cut down energy consumption by approximately 1%while maintaining comfort.When the energy source produces a constant energy amount,the RL-based heat controllermore effectively maintains the temperature within the set range,preventing overheating.In conclusion,the introduced energydynamic building model and its software implementation offer a versatile tool for researchers,enabling the simulation of various energy supply systems to achieve optimal energy efficiency and indoor climate control in buildings. 展开更多
关键词 building energy management building heating system dynamic modeling reinforcement learning energy efficiency comfortable temperature
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Role of outdoor trees on pedestrian wind and thermal conditions around a pre-education building for sustainable energy management
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作者 LI Xiao-jie TANG Hui-li 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第6期2039-2053,共15页
Finding sustainable energy resources is essential to face the increasing energy demand.Trees are an important part of ancient architecture but are becoming rare in urban areas.Trees can control and tune the pedestrian... Finding sustainable energy resources is essential to face the increasing energy demand.Trees are an important part of ancient architecture but are becoming rare in urban areas.Trees can control and tune the pedestrian-level wind velocity and thermal condition.In this study,a numerical investigation is employed to assess the role of trees planted in the windward direction of the building complex on the thermal and pedestrian wind velocity conditions around/inside a pre-education building located in the center of the complex.Compared to the previous studies(which considered only outside buildings),this work considers the effects of trees on microclimate change both inside/outside buildings.Effects of different parameters including the leaf area density and number of trees,number of rows,far-field velocity magnitude,and thermal condition around the main building are assessed.The results show that the flow velocity in the spacing between the first-row buildings is reduced by 30%-40% when the one-row trees with 2 m height are planted 15 m farther than the buildings.Furthermore,two rows of trees are more effective in higher velocities and reduce the maximum velocity by about 50%.The investigation shows that trees also could reduce the temperature by about 1℃around the building. 展开更多
关键词 sustainable management energy trees urban area thermal condition building
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Energy-Saving Distributed Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Optimization with Dual Resource Constraints Based on Integrated Q-Learning Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimizer
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作者 Hongliang Zhang Yi Chen +1 位作者 Yuteng Zhang Gongjie Xu 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2024年第8期1459-1483,共25页
The distributed flexible job shop scheduling problem(DFJSP)has attracted great attention with the growth of the global manufacturing industry.General DFJSP research only considers machine constraints and ignores worke... The distributed flexible job shop scheduling problem(DFJSP)has attracted great attention with the growth of the global manufacturing industry.General DFJSP research only considers machine constraints and ignores worker constraints.As one critical factor of production,effective utilization of worker resources can increase productivity.Meanwhile,energy consumption is a growing concern due to the increasingly serious environmental issues.Therefore,the distributed flexible job shop scheduling problem with dual resource constraints(DFJSP-DRC)for minimizing makespan and total energy consumption is studied in this paper.To solve the problem,we present a multi-objective mathematical model for DFJSP-DRC and propose a Q-learning-based multi-objective grey wolf optimizer(Q-MOGWO).In Q-MOGWO,high-quality initial solutions are generated by a hybrid initialization strategy,and an improved active decoding strategy is designed to obtain the scheduling schemes.To further enhance the local search capability and expand the solution space,two wolf predation strategies and three critical factory neighborhood structures based on Q-learning are proposed.These strategies and structures enable Q-MOGWO to explore the solution space more efficiently and thus find better Pareto solutions.The effectiveness of Q-MOGWO in addressing DFJSP-DRC is verified through comparison with four algorithms using 45 instances.The results reveal that Q-MOGWO outperforms comparison algorithms in terms of solution quality. 展开更多
关键词 Distributed flexible job shop scheduling problem dual resource constraints energy-saving scheduling multi-objective grey wolf optimizer Q-LEARNING
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Deterioration Reason and Improvement Measure of the Retarding Effect of Protein Retarder on Phosphorus Building Gypsum
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作者 刘志刚 TANG Zezheng +3 位作者 杨立荣 WANG Chunmei XIE Yuantao LIU Yisen 《Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第4期962-967,共6页
The retarding effect of protein retarder on phosphorus building gypsum(PBG)and desulfurization building gypsum(DBG)was investigated,and the results show that protein retarder for DBG can effectively prolong the settin... The retarding effect of protein retarder on phosphorus building gypsum(PBG)and desulfurization building gypsum(DBG)was investigated,and the results show that protein retarder for DBG can effectively prolong the setting time and displays a better retarding effect,but for PBG shows a poor retarding effect.Furthermore,the deterioration reason of the retarding effect of protein retarder on PBG was investigated by measuring the pH value and the retarder concentration of the liquid phase from vacuum filtration of PBG slurry at different hydration time,and the measure to improve the retarding effect of protein retarding on PBG was suggested.The pH value of PBG slurry(<5.0)is lower than that of DBG slurry(7.8-8.5).After hydration for 5 min,the concentration of retarder in liquid phase of DBG slurry gradually decreases,but in liquid phase of PBG slurry continually increases,which results in the worse retarding effect of protein retarder on PBG.The liquid phase pH value of PBG slurry can be adjusted higher by sodium silicate,which is beneficial to improvement in the retarding effect of the retarder.By adding 1.0%of sodium silicate,the initial setting time of PBG was efficiently prolonged from 17 to 210 min,but little effect on the absolute dry flexural strength was observed. 展开更多
关键词 protein retarder phosphorus building gypsum deterioration reason improvement measure
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Effect of building energy efficiency standards on carbon emission efficiency in commercial buildings
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作者 Xia Wang Qi Ye +1 位作者 Yan Du Mao Zhou 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 2024年第3期250-257,共8页
The building sector plays a crucial role in the worldwide shift toward achieving net-zero emissions.Building energy efficiency standards(BEESs)are highly effective policies for reducing carbon emissions.Therefore,expl... The building sector plays a crucial role in the worldwide shift toward achieving net-zero emissions.Building energy efficiency standards(BEESs)are highly effective policies for reducing carbon emissions.Therefore,exploring the provincial variations in carbon emission efficiency(CEE)in the building sector and identifying the effect of BEESs on CEE is crucial.This study focuses on commercial buildings in China and applies a difference in differences model to evaluate the impact of BEESs on the CEE of commercial buildings.The slacks-based measure–data envelopment analysis model is employed to assess the CEE of commercial buildings in 30 Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2019.Furthermore,heterogeneous tests are used to explore how climate characteristics and economic conditions affect the efficiency of BEESs.The results indicate that BEESs positively influence the CEE of commercial buildings.Specifically,a 1%increase in the intensity of BEESs causes a 0.1484%increase in the CEE of commercial buildings.Moreover,the impact of BEESs is particularly pronounced in the southern and western provinces.This study provides valuable scientific evidence for governments to enhance BEESs implementation. 展开更多
关键词 Commercial buildings Carbon emissions efficiency building energy efficiency standards Slack-based measure–data development analysis Difference in differences
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