AN EVALUATION OF INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND OCCUPANT WELL-BEING IN MANITOBA SCHOOL BUILDINGS

This exploratory research aims to evaluate indoor environmental quality in the classrooms of three school buildings in Southern Manitoba,Canada,and to evaluate the well-being of these schools’teachers as it pertains to their perception of their classrooms’indoor environment.The schools include a middle-aged,conventional school;a new,non-green school;and a new,green school certified using the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design rating system.The methodology involved using a mobile instrument cart to conduct snapshot measurements of thermal comfort,indoor air quality,lighting and acoustics in classrooms and an occupant survey to evaluate teachers’long-term satisfaction with their classrooms’indoor environmental quality.The results showed that the new,green and new,non-green schools’classrooms performed better than the conventional,middle-aged school’s classrooms with respect to some aspects of thermal comfort and indoor air quality only.Teachers in the new,green school and in the new,non-green school were more satisfied than teachers in the conventional,middle-aged school with their classrooms’overall indoor environmental quality,lighting quality and indoor air quality.Surprisingly,the new,green and new-non green school classrooms’performance were very comparable with the new,green school’s classrooms performing statistically significantly better with respect to relative humidity.Similarly,none of the differences in teachers’satisfaction ratings between the new,green and new,non-green school were statistically significant.

PERFORMANCE OF SUSTAINABLE BUIL DINGS IN COLDER CLIMATES

Building performance evaluations(BPEs)were carried out for nine Canadian green buildings using a standardised assessment framework.The aim was to explore and measure the discrepancies between the operational performance of the buildings and their predicted performance,as well as to identify lessons for their owners,design teams and the construction industry.The objective of this paper is not to report individual buildings in detail(we refer the reader to the individual building reports)but to report on some general lessons that came from doing this study.Overall these buildings performed well compared to benchmarks.However,the findings suggest that occupancy is not well understood and often incorrectly predicted during design,and that this affects various aspects of performance,including energy and water use.Also energy and water use modelling is often undertaken principally for building code/green rating compliance purposes and does not necessarily represent an accurate prediction of likely operational use.Combined with variations in occupancy this can lead to considerable discrepancies in performance from the modelled values.This may be understood by experts but is often misleading to building owners and others.Water use is often not well predicted and also not carefully managed in buildings and there is a lack of understanding of what constitutes good water performance.Overall,it is important to recognise that each building has its own individual“story”that provides necessary context for effective management and improvement of the building during its ongoing life.It is proposed that a BPE process allows that context to be better understood,and enables more effective decision making about building management,improvements,occupant satisfaction,energy use,etc.