Vibration Control of a High-Rise Building Structure:Theory and Experiment

In this study,an innovative solution is developed for vibration suppression of the high-rise building.The infinite dimensional system model has been presented for describing high-rise building structures which have a large inertial load with the help of the Hamilton’s principle.On the basis of this system model and with the use of the Lyapunov’s direct method,a boundary controller is proposed and the closed-loop system is uniformly bounded in the time domain.Finally,by using the Smart Structure laboratory platform which is produced by Quancer,we conduct a set of experiments and find that the designed method is resultful.

Research on semi-active control method of a building structure based on non-smooth control

This study investigates the effectiveness of the non-smooth semi-active control algorithm on suppressing the vibration performance of a building structure subjected to seismic waves. According to the Lyapunov stability theory, it has bene proven that the non-smooth semi-active control algorithm can achieve a finite-time stability of the vibration relative to the isolation layer of a building structure. Through numerical simulation of two buildings with different parameters subjected to the input of a seismic wave, the vibration conditions of passive control, LQR semi-active control and non-smooth semiactive control are compared and analyzed. The simulation results show that the non-smooth semi-active control algorithm has a better robustness and effectiveness in restraining the impact of earthquakes on the structure.

Prediction of Damping Capacity Demand in Seismic Base Isolators via Machine Learning

Base isolators used in buildings provide both a good acceleration reduction and structural vibration control structures.The base isolators may lose their damping capacity over time due to environmental or dynamic effects.This deterioration of them requires the determination of the maintenance and repair needs and is important for the long-termisolator life.In this study,an artificial intelligence prediction model has been developed to determine the damage and maintenance-repair requirements of isolators as a result of environmental effects and dynamic factors over time.With the developed model,the required damping capacity of the isolator structure was estimated and compared with the previously placed isolator capacity,and the decrease in the damping property was tried to be determined.For this purpose,a data set was created by collecting the behavior of structures with single degrees of freedom(SDOF),different stiffness,damping ratio and natural period isolated from the foundation under far fault earthquakes.The data is divided into 5 different damping classes varying between 10%and 50%.Machine learning model was trained in damping classes with the data on the structure’s response to random seismic vibrations.As a result of the isolator behavior under randomly selected earthquakes,the recorded motion and structural acceleration of the structure against any seismic vibration were examined,and the decrease in the damping capacity was estimated on a class basis.The performance loss of the isolators,which are separated according to their damping properties,has been tried to be determined,and the reductions in the amounts to be taken into account have been determined by class.In the developed prediction model,using various supervised machine learning classification algorithms,the classification algorithm providing the highest precision for the model has been decided.When the results are examined,it has been determined that the damping of the isolator structure with the machine learning method is predicted successfully at a level exceeding 96%,and it is an effective method in deciding whether there is a decrease in the damping capacity.

Tri-directional shaking table tests of vibration sensitive equipment with static dynamics interchangeable-ball pendulum system

Recently, the high-tech industry has become a key industry for economic development in many countries. However, vibration sensitive equipment located in these industrial buildings is vulnerable during earthquakes, which may cause huge economic loss. In this study, an innovative isolator for safeguarding the vibration sensitive equipment, namely, the static dynamics interchangeable^all pendulum system （SDI-BPS） is proposed and investigated to examine its protective capability for the vibration sensitive equipment during earthquakes through a series of tri-directional shaking table tests. The experimental results illustrate that the SDI-BPS isolator can provide significant damping to rolling types of base isolation systems for reducing the bearing displacement and size, and avoid the stress concentration, which can cause damage or scratches on the rolling surface of the isolator, to prolong its life span of service. The SDI-BPS isolator also provides excellent capability in protecting the vibration sensitive equipment and exhibits a stable behavior under long terms of service loadings and earthquakes.

地基和基础对建筑物地铁振动响应影响的研究

随着我国地铁建设的飞速发展和城市用地日益紧缺,建筑物与地铁线路的距离越来越近。对于临近地铁的新建建筑,在设计阶段对于建筑结构开展抑制地铁振动的优化设计渐趋必要。以某临近地铁的待建建筑物为研究对象,采用数值仿真方法,对不同基础形式(桩筏基础和筏板基础)及不同地基类型(非挤土地基和挤土地基)建筑物的地铁振动响应进行对比分析,结果表明:桩筏基础抑制地铁振动的能力略优于筏板基础,基础形式变化对建筑物室外振动的影响不显著,且不会改变建筑物室内振动水平随楼层升高的变化规律,基础形式不同使建筑室内振动分布发生变化,但变化的规律性不显著;非挤土地基抑制地铁振动的能力明显优于挤土地基,地基类型变化亦不会改变建筑物室内振动水平随楼层升高的变化规律,但对建筑室外和室内振动响应的影响都较为显著。

双向恢复力模型对基础隔震建筑风振响应的影响

为明确MSS、Casciati和Harvey and Gavin这3种常用双向恢复力模型计算基础隔震建筑风振响应的差异,采用3种模型模拟铅芯橡胶支座在水平单向和双向位移下的恢复力,对比试验或有限元结果的差异,采用3种模型对一算例在双向风荷载下隔震层位移、顶点位移和顶点加速度3个指标的差异进行了分析。研究表明:3种模型模拟铅芯橡胶支座在单向循环位移、方形和偏置方形位移下恢复力的趋势基本一致;而模拟圆形和偏置圆形位移时,MSS模型双向恢复力形状与有限元结果不同,不能较为准确地模拟支座双向耦合行为,Casciati模型误差稍小于Harvey and Gavin模型。Casciati模型和Harvey and Gavin模型计算风振响应基本一致;对于横风向响应均方根,3种模型差距不大;对于顺风向隔震层位移、顶点位移和顶点加速度均方根,MSS模型稍小,而对于顺、横风向隔震层位移峰值因子,MSS模型稍大;对于顺、横风向顶点加速度峰值因子和双向与单向模型顶点加速度最值比值随风速变化规律,MSS模型与其他模型差异较大。基于双向耦合效应模拟及风振响应指标的差异,建议采用Casciati模型考虑双向恢复力模型对基础隔震建筑风振响应的影响。

混合基础隔震体系优化设计及性能

为解决基础隔震结构中隔震层位移需求过大的问题,提出了一种基础隔震结构(Base Isolated Structure,BIS)+串并联调谐质量阻尼器惯容器(Tuned Tandem Mass Damper-Inerter, TTMDI)的混合隔震体系。采用Bouc-Wen滞回模型模拟隔震层的非线性力-变形行为,基于随机等效线性化和模式搜索优化算法并考虑地震动模型,在频域内建立了BIS+TTMDI体系的优化设计框架。分别从鲁棒性、有效性、刚度和阻尼系数、冲程及对地震频率敏感性方面对BIS+TTMDI体系的性能进行评估,并与BIS+调谐质量阻尼器(Tuned Mass Damper, TMD)、串并联调谐质量阻尼器(TunedTandemMassDamper,TTMD)和调谐质量阻尼器惯容器(TunedMass Damper-Inerter, TMDI)进行比较。通过对近场地震动下某七层混合基础隔震结构(包括BIS+TTMDI和BIS+TMDI体系)的动力弹塑性分析,评价了其减/隔震性能。结果表明:BIS+TTMDI体系具有最好的减/隔震性能和强鲁棒性;而且在BIS+TTMDI体系中TTMDI的总阻尼需求不到BIS+TMDI体系中TMDI的一半,因而更为经济实用。

超高层办公建筑暖通空调系统噪声控制分析

营造良好的室内声环境对人员身心健康至关重要。本文以某超高层办公楼为研究对象,分析了超高层办公建筑声学方面的特点、典型暖通空调系统的噪声传递途径;针对办公楼层剖析了声源降噪、隔绝机房噪声、办公区内空调末端及管道的噪声控制措施,并针对机电层的不同设备区域提出了相应的隔振、隔声、降噪做法。

非基岩场地基础隔震核岛厂房抗震性能分析

为了研究非基岩场地条件下基础隔震核电工程结构的抗震性能,本文依据外源波动理论提出了考虑土-结构相互作用效应的基础隔震核电工程结构抗震分析方法,该方法实现了地震动的高精度输入以及整体系统的直接求解,通过与传统封闭体系振动法计算结果的对比验证了其有效性。建立了基础隔震核岛厂房-地基整体有限元模型,开展了核岛厂房地震响应分析,讨论了不同剪切波速场地条件下核岛厂房的基础隔震性能。研究结果表明:非基岩场地条件下基础隔震核岛厂房表现出良好的隔震效果;随着场地剪切波速的降低,基础隔震的隔震能力逐渐下降,与剪切波速为1067 m/s的场地相比,当场地的剪切波速为305 m/s时,核岛厂房结构顶部的楼层反应谱、加速度放大系数和层间位移角的隔震率分别减小了14.30%、13.50%和23.41%。为了保证核电工程结构的安全性,在基础隔震设计中应充分考虑非基岩场地条件下的SSI效应。

Simplified performance indices and active control force of vibration isolation systems with elastic base

Influence of the elasticity of the base on vibration isolation performances of single layer, double layer and floating raft vibration isolation systems is investigated systematically. Characteristics of vibration coupling between different vibration isolation systems and different elastic bases are analyzed. Moreover the characteristics of vibration acceleration level difference and force transmissibility of different vibration isolation systems are discussed and their simpli- fled expressions are given. In addition the required control forces of active vibration isolation under different installations of actuators for different vibration isolation systems are compared. The results show that for all vibration isolation systems, the addition of the stiffness and damping of the base can enhance their vibration acceleration level difference and force transmissibility. Moreover for floating raft vibration isolation system, the addition of the stiffness and damping of the raft can enhance its vibration isolation performance and reduce the control force required bv active vibration isolation.

建筑机电设备工程噪声控制技术研究

通过对建筑机电设备噪声源的分析,探讨隔振、吸声、隔声等噪声控制技术的应用。针对实际工程案例,提出具体的噪声控制措施,并验证其效果,结果表明综合运用多种技术能够显著降低噪声水平,为建筑机电设备噪声控制提供了实用的参考与指导。

Optimal design and effectiveness evaluation for inerter-based devices on mitigating seismic responses of base isolated structures

The optimal design and effectiveness of three control systems,tuned viscous mass damper(TVMD),tuned inerter damper(TID)and tuned mass damper(TMD),on mitigating the seismic responses of base isolated structures,were systematically studied.First,the seismic responses of the base isolated structure with each control system under white noise excitation were obtained.Then,the structural parameter optimizations of the TVMD,TID and TMD were conducted by using three different objectives.The results show that the three control systems were all effective in minimizing the root mean square value of seismic responses,including the base shear of the BIS,the absolute acceleration of structural SDOF,and the relative displacement between the base isolation floor and the foundation.Finally,considering the superstructure as a structural MDOF,a series of time history analyses were performed to investigate the effectiveness and activation sensitivity of the three control systems under far field and near fault seismic excitations.The results show that the effectiveness of TID and TMD with optimized parameters on mitigating the seismic responses of base isolated structures increased as the mass ratio increases,and the effectiveness of TID was always better than TMD with the same mass ratio.The TVMD with a lower mass ratio was more efficient in reducing the seismic response than the TID and TMD.Furthermore,the TVMD,when compared with TMD and TID,had better activation sensitivity and a smaller stroke.

基础激励下磁悬浮转子-隔振器系统振动抑制研究

磁悬浮轴承对基础激励抑制能力有限,当基础激励导致转子振动大于其悬浮间隙时,磁悬浮轴承系统转定子间会产生碰摩损伤以致设备损坏。针对上述问题,提出了结合隔振器和磁悬浮轴承主动控制器的基础激励抑振方法。在建立基础激励下磁悬浮转子模型的基础上,进一步考虑隔振器、基础、磁悬浮轴承定子相互耦合作用,以广义力形式将三者耦合关系转移到磁悬浮转子系统方程的刚度、阻尼矩阵中,建立了磁悬浮转子-隔振器耦合系统机电一体化模型。根据耦合模型分析不同简谐激励下隔振器设计参数变化对转子振幅的影响,并基于转子振幅变化规律,以隔振器最大变形、最大加速度、转定子间隙为设计目标,推导出合适的隔振器刚度范围。结合隔振器-高刚度主动控制器的耦合抑振作用,从理论和试验分析了耦合系统对基础激励的抑振效果。结果表明,与没有隔振器作用的磁悬浮转子系统相比,采用隔振器-高刚度控制器耦合控制可将转子最大振幅从0.052 mm降低到0.011 mm以内,转子整体振幅小于保护间隙(0.125 mm)的10%。

基于LPV的主动隔振平台单支腿鲁棒控制器设计

利用控制力矩陀螺(CMG)实现敏捷姿态机动控制时,保证机动过程控制输出力矩快速响应的同时,还需要保证机动到位后有效隔离CMG的机械振动以实现高稳定度姿态控制。针对控制CMG主动隔振平台,将控制CMG外框角速度作为变参数,提出单支腿主动隔振平台控制器的一种基于线性变参数(LPV)控制设计实现方法,通过与其他主动隔振控制方法性能比较分析,所提方法在兼顾敏捷姿态机动期间和机动到位后对主动隔振平台不同的力学传递要求方面有更好的性能。

基于一阶模态控制的惯质吸振器抗风设计

设置动力吸振器是结构风振控制的常用方法之一。采用Sherman-Morrison逆运算推导了多自由度结构在新型惯质吸振器控制下的显式频响函数,给出了由于吸振器安装导致的模态耦合效应的物理描述。以利用调谐惯容阻尼器(tuned inerter damper, TID)进行结构抗风设计为例,基于不动点法提出了以一阶模态控制为目标的半解析半数值参数设计方法。基于某高层建筑实例,分析了模态耦合对惯质吸振器参数设计及减振效果评估的影响,验证了所提方法相较于未考虑模态耦合效应的方法在参数设计上的优越性。结果表明,随着惯容量的增大和拓扑层数的增加,惯质吸振器的减振效果越来越好,但模态耦合效应也越明显,需要在参数设计和性能评估中予以考虑。

基础隔震设计中对建筑构造节点的思考

以某学校实训大楼基础隔震项目(基础和上部结构之间设置隔震支座)为研究对象,从隔震原理出发,对建筑物四周散水、入口台阶,楼梯,电梯,隔震层外墙等的构造节点的合理性与可操作性加以分析、研究,提出科学合理的优化方案,使得拟建隔震建筑达到预期的隔震效果。

基于小型振动台实验的输电塔结构减隔震研究

为研究不同减隔震措施对高耸结构振动控制及质量、阻尼、刚度对调谐质量阻尼器减震效果的影响,仿照常见高耸结构样式搭建高耸塔模型,采用基础隔震和安装调谐质量阻尼器措施对模型进行减隔震处理,并进行振动台实验,获得不同工况下的结构响应信号,再对响应信号进行时频域分析。得出结论:对于高耸结构,采用基础隔震进行减隔震控制效果优于安装调谐质量阻尼器;基础隔震措施对高耸塔第一层无隔震效果,但对二、三层隔震效果可达50%左右。安装调谐质量阻尼器最优工况为:细绳采用尼龙丝,砝码质量10 g,其对一层减震效果为6%、二层为15%;增加阻尼可适当降低TMD质量,取得较好的减震效果。

基于调谐惯容阻尼器的基础隔震结构性能优化研究

基础隔震技术可以显著减小建筑上部结构的水平绝对加速度,但隔震层较大的水平位移往往制约着基础隔震结构的设计。调谐质量阻尼器可以减小隔震层的水平位移,但减震效果受其物理质量的影响。惯容是一种新型两节点单元,其质量效应可以比其物理质量大上百倍甚至数万倍。本文将调谐惯容阻尼器应用于基础隔震结构,从考虑结构阻尼与否对TMDI进行随机激励下的H2优化设计,并以常用800mm隔震支座为背景进行地震作用时程分析。研究结果表明,物理质量较小的调谐惯容阻尼器可以显著减小隔震层的水平位移和上部结构的水平绝对加速度。

层间隔震体系的理论研究

通过建立层间隔震体系的两质点简化分析模型与多质点动力时程分析模型,提出层间隔震体系隔震层参数优化设计的方法,系统地研究了层间隔震体系当隔震层位置变化时其相应的减震工作机理,结果表明随着隔震层位置下移,层间隔震体系减震机理由TMD调谐逐步过渡为隔震耗能,在结构动力特性上体现为前两阶模态质量参与系数的比例发生变化。最后通过某10层框架结构的仿真分析,验证了层间隔震体系在控制地震下反应的有效性,并发现隔震层位置越低减震效果越明显,隔震层的阻尼能够有效地抑制隔震层下部子结构的反应。

小震下隔震结构的随机响应及失效概率分析

探讨了叠层橡胶隔震体系在"小震"条件下的随机响应及失效概率分析模型.基于非比例阻尼多自由度线性模型,采用隔震工程设计中所使用的参数,用林家浩法构造虚拟激励,导出了非比例阻尼隔震结构在"小震"条件下的"虚拟"响应幅值向量的解析表达式.采用最大层间弹性位移限值作为控制指标建立极限状态方程,计算隔震结构在"小震"条件下发生开裂的条件失效概率.选用了1个7层的隔震框架作为数值算例,通过4种不同的方法对求得的随机响应进行对比,并采用MonteCarlo直接动力模拟方法进行检验,证实方法精度良好.