Analysis and forecast of residential building energy consumption in Chongqing on carbon emissions

Carbon emissions mainly result from energy consumption. Carbon emissions inevitably will increase to some extent with economic expansion and rising energy consumption. We introduce a gray theory of quantitative analysis of the energy consumption of residential buildings in Chongqing,China,on the impact of carbon emission factors. Three impacts are analyzed,namely per capita residential housing area,domestic water consumption and the rate of air conditioner ownership per 100 urban households. The gray prediction model established using the Chongqing carbon emission-residential building energy consumption forecast model is sufficiently accurate to achieve a measure of feasibility and applicability.

Prospect of energy management system for large steel enterprise

The energy management system(EMS),which acts as the heart of the energy management center of a steel enterprise,is a large computer system focused on the concentrative monitor and control of the production and utilization of energy.Although Chinese steel industry was well developed in the latest decade, so far the levels of the comprehensive energy consumption per ton steel among Chinese steel enterprises are remarkably distinct,and the average value of the comprehensive energy consumption per ton steel of them has still been much higher than the value of those in developed countries.This bad situation,in the opinion of the author,partially results from the poor ability for most Chinese steel enterprises to manage the production and utilization of energy.National policies associated to energy-saving and ejection-decreasing call for steel enterprises to build the EMS;and more and more steel enterprises themselves also desire to achieve EMS projects so that they can optimize their energy production and utilization.Baosteel,the largest and most advanced steel enterprise in China,has got plenty of experience in the EMS due to its incessant practice for more than 30 years in the design,construction,application,and revampment of its EMS.In the present article,the features of an advanced EMS is described and discussed based on the design practice of the EMS of Baosteel Zhanjiang Project.An advanced EMS should be an optimized and integrated system,which possesses of the characteristic of high managing efficiency,enough openness in expansion,friendly interfaces, and simple structure.Furthermore,it could support many-sided applications,e.g.,energy related data mineing,energy network combination and co-supply,application of geographic information technology,and other technical researched on energy-saving aspects.It is known that some energy-related indexes of Baosteel have stood on a high level better than those of some worldwide famous steel enterprises.Moreover,it goes without saying that the indexes of Baosteel Zhanjiang will be better than those of present Baosteel.Therefore, one can easily expect that the new EMS of Baosteel Zhanjiang will be much more advanced,which will be more helpful to fulfil systematiclly saving of energy,to elevate the efficiency of energy utilization,to lower the comprehensive energy consumption per ton steel.

Analysis of Renewable Energy Utilization Potential in Buildings of China

As a country of great population, China has increasing building energy consumption continuously. It not only threatens the lack of total energy but also hardens the progress of protecting environment. Therefore, it forces the country to accelerate finding substitution application of conventional energy in building, renewable energy building utilization. In base of 2010, this study explores the potential of the renewable energy building utilization by using energy consumption analysis until 2030 and predicts annual alternative quantity of renewable energy in different situations.

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS FOR STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS

The engineering community has been striving to design more sustainable buildings in an attempt to reduce both environmental impact and energy use during all phases of design,construction and operation.Design professionals currently have very limited guidance or tools to incorporate life-cycle and sustainability concepts into their designs.After reviewing the capabilities and limitations of four current life cycle analysis(LCA)computer programs,this research has selected the Athena Impact Estimator v4.0 to perform parametric studies of structural members made up of different construction materials.The energy consumption values are calculated and compared for columns,beams,concrete suspended slabs,precast double-tee sections and various other floor types.While Athena did offer some insights based on its LCA results,this research has concluded that existing LCA and sustainability analysis programs have too few options to meet the current needs of design professionals.A more accurate,sophisticated whole-building LCA tool needs to be developed to assess sustainable properties of design alternatives and to produce the most sustainable structural systems.

基于多因素正交实验的关中民居节能优化分析

为解决陕西关中地区民居建筑围护结构热工性能不佳、采暖效率低的问题,本文以关中典型民居为研究对象,从建筑外围护结构和窗墙比方面展开关中民居节能优化分析。结合现场测试调研数据,通过DesigBuilder软件模拟能耗,探究围护结构构造和窗墙比大小对关中民居建筑热负荷、冷负荷、全生命周期投资收益比的影响,采用多因素正交实验方法耦合分析各优化方案的节能性与经济性,选出最适宜的综合节能策略。结果表明关中民居最佳节能优化策略为外墙加设80 mm厚EPS保温层、屋顶加设60 mm厚XPS保温层、外窗改用普通中空5+9A+5玻璃、北向窗墙比0.1、南向窗墙比0.3。优化后关中典型民居节能61.98%,冬季典型气象日室内平均温度上升2.78℃。

基于ARIMA模型的校园能耗监测与分析系统的设计与实现

设计了一种基于ARIMA模型(自回归移动平均)的校园能耗监测与分析系统,该系统主要由数据采集、数据存储、预测分析以及数据展示等功能模块组成.研究结果表明,该系统不仅可提升校园能源管理的自动化和智能化水平,而且还可有效提高校园能耗的预测精确度,且优于其他的能耗管理系统;因此,该系统可为提高校园能源使用效率提供良好支持.

AN ANALYSIS OF VARIATION IN THE ENERGY-RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF LEED CERTIFIED BUILDINGS

The US Green Building Council’s(USGBC)LEED guidelines have become the dominant third-party certification program for“green”buildings in the US.Given that buildings use 37%of all energy and 68%of all electricity while contributing substantially to air emission,waste generation,and water consumption issues in the US,one of LEED’s purposes is to address the environmental impacts of energy use in buildings.This research analyzes(1)how well the LEED guidelines measure these impacts and(2)which parameters create the most variation among these impacts.Environmental impacts here refer to emissions of carbon dioxide,nitrogen oxides,sulfur dioxide,mercury,and par-ticulate matter(PM10);solid waste;nuclear waste;and water consumption.Using data from the US Department of Energy,the National Renewable Energy Laboratory,the US EPA Energy Star program,and the USGBC,among others,models using Monte Carlo analysis were created to simulate the range of impacts of LEED-certified buildings.Various metrics and statistics were calculated to highlight the significance of variation in these impacts.Future re-search needs and implications of the results for LEED version 3.0 are also discussed.

基于能耗模拟的湖北地区既有农宅围护结构改造方案比选研究

为了改善湖北地区现有农村住房结构老化、围护结构热工性能不佳导致的住宅能耗增加及室内热环境差等问题,本研究致力于对湖北地区典型农宅的围护结构进行改造。研究采用能耗模拟软件Ecotect对不同围护结构改造方案的节能效率进行定量分析,并运用熵值法和多因素正交实验分析了16种具有代表性的改造方案,优选出兼顾节能性和经济性的最佳方案。结果表明,单因素改造方案的节能效果排序为:屋顶改造>门窗改造>外墙改造。在熵值法下的多因素组合改造方案初选中,节能率、节能改造方案初投资、节能改造收益、静态投资回收期及净现值(NPV)的所占权重分别为0.2、0.26、0.21、0.14和0.19。该研究为湖北地区现有农宅的节能改造提供了新的思路,并在围护结构改造方案优选中具有一定的参考价值。

通道奇异谱分析的绿色建筑能耗预测方法仿真

建筑能耗受到外部环境、用户行为等因素的影响,这些因素难以准确预测或低频率更新,使得能耗预测存在一定的不确定性。为了得到高准确率的绿色建筑能耗预测结果,提出一种面向绿色建筑的能耗贝叶斯预测方法。通过多通道奇异谱分析(MSSA)对历史绿色建筑能耗数据去噪,将去噪后的数据作为训练样本。利用训练样本展开目标定位和搜索,对获取的目标展开特征提取,根据获取的目标特征和目标身份之间的关联关系建立能耗贝叶斯预测模型,通过相关判决条件,输出目标预测结果,完成绿色建筑能耗预测。仿真结果表明,所提方法可以获取高准确率的绿色建筑能耗预测结果,同时具有良好的数据去噪能力。

首都住宅建筑燃料电池热电联供系统建模与能量供需分析

质子交换膜燃料电池(proton exchange membrane fuel cell,PEMFC)热电联供(combined heat and power,CHP)系统作为一种建筑供能新手段,可有效降低建筑运行能耗、推动能源绿色低碳转型。针对北方地区住宅建筑电热需求大且热电矛盾突出,全年负荷波动大等特点,以北京市为代表,利用DeST软件对住宅建筑进行负荷分析并搭建燃料电池热电联供系统模拟平台,研究不同参数对联供系统性能的影响;以负荷特性和参数分析结果为依据,设计一年不同时段下北京住宅建筑管理策略:冬季采用“以热定电”,其余季节均采用“以电定热”;与基线系统相比,在春、夏、秋、冬4个典型日中联供系统天然气耗气量分别减少了39.16%、31.63%、36.01%和14.04%,对热电联供系统用于未来建筑供能具有一定借鉴意义。

光伏建筑研究文献计量学分析——基于2003-2023年WOS核心合集数据库

在建筑上安装光伏是建筑业降碳减碳最有效的途径,了解国内外光伏建筑的发展动态对我国部署光伏具有重大意义。对Web of Science中的核心合集数据库中5 275篇关于光伏建筑的文献进行计量研究分析。采用CiteSpace 6.2.2版本和战略咨询智能支持系统对相关文献进行了发文机构、发文量、国家地区、关键词共现、关键词突现、关键词聚类和关键词时间线图分析。研究发现,光伏建筑主要分为热效能、可再生能源管理和光伏发电系统三大研究领域,近些年的研究热点集中在光伏发电的能源管理问题和光伏发电量问题上。

面向实验动物设施的能耗监测系统设计与应用

目的 实验动物设施的能源消耗在科研机构能耗中占据相当大的比例,且其能耗特点与普通建筑物存在显著不同,因而需要专门的监测与管理。方法 面向实验动物设施设计了一套能耗监测系统,选取华中科技大学SPF级实验动物设施进行了部署。结果 该系统上线运行后,实现了设施用电量数据的实时采集和记录,并提出了3种应用场景下的管理节能措施。结论 面向实验动物设施的能耗监测系统具备可靠、高效、易用的特点,对实验动物设施能源管理工作具有指导意义与推广价值。

基于十年前后能耗调研的长沙地区既有住宅节能改造策略研究

长沙地区既有住宅节能改造存在居民改造意愿不强、节能改造效果不明显等问题。分别于2008年、2009年和2019年、2020年调研了湖南大学周边近35栋住宅的围护结构、家电情况与400余户居民终端用电量,采用K-means聚类法将总用电量、采暖、制冷、生活用电量分别进行聚类并计算界限值、平均值等参数,进而分析十年前后居民用电量变化规律,提出改善室内热环境与减少制冷能耗为该地区既有住宅节能改造的重要目标。对既有住宅用电量进行宏观情景预测,论证了既有住宅建筑围护结构节能改造的必要性,分析节能改造意愿不强的原因,结合目前改造现状提出适宜的相关策略。对同等气候区既有住宅节能改造具有一定参考价值。

基于用能行为的广州城镇住宅运行碳排放预测模型研究

城镇住宅建筑碳排放量巨大,随着人民生活水平提高,用能行为对于运行碳排放的影响程度不容小觑。为提高碳排放预测的准确性,在考虑居民空调用能行为条件下,以广州地区城镇住宅建筑为研究对象,基于R语言参数化建模和EnergyPlus软件模拟结果,通过敏感性分析得到影响住宅全年冷负荷的关键因素,并建立不同建筑型式在不同用能行为下的运行碳排放预测模型。结果表明:当其他变量相同,居民用能行为由奢侈型分别转为适度型和节约型时,3种建筑型式住宅运行碳排放强度均分别降低15%和50%以上。

寒冷地区某既有公共建筑绿色节能改造实践

我国既有“非绿色”建筑存量巨大,且用能效率低下,运行能耗过高,随着“双碳”目标的提出,既有建筑绿色节能改I造将成为未来建筑业发展的主导趋势。针对兰州市某公共建筑绿色智慧改造工程项目,采用智能化集成综合管理运维平台(BMS)对大厦能源管理系统、环境监测系统等子系统进行统一管理,通过监测系统对建筑运行能耗和室内外环境污染物浓度的计量测算和对比分析,本项目的实施在减少能源消耗量的同时,可有效减少甲醛、二氧化碳、二氧化硫、氮氧化物、烟尘颗粒等有害气体、粉尘的排放,实现了建筑的绿色可持续发展。

基于边缘计算的建筑运行能耗数据实时监测

实时能耗监测能够及时发现故障问题,缩短维修时间,降低维修成本,从而达到降低能耗成本的目的。为了实时监测建筑运行情况,提出一种基于边缘计算的建筑运行能耗数据实时监测方法。通过采集和预处理建筑能耗数据,采用最小二乘方法去除监测数据中缺失值;利用边缘计算实现建筑能耗密集计算任务的边缘加载和合理分配,对任务终端与建筑能耗联合优化处理;通过CPU和内存利用率的建筑能耗监测方法,分析建筑能耗变化,采用多元非线性模型回归分析和挖掘技术,完成能耗数据实时监测。实验结果表明,所提方法可以对建筑能耗数据精准监测,对不同季节的监测具有良好的适应性。

浅析智能建筑能耗管理系统设计及运维管理平台应用--以工人体育场改造复建项目为例

本文采用文献研究、案例分析法,以工人体育场改造复建项目为案例对智慧能耗管理系统的设计思路以及运维管理平台的实现路径进行分析,以典型高能耗公共建筑为代表,为今后类似大型公共建筑能耗管理系统的设计和运维管理平台建设提供借鉴,助力我国建筑设计行业高质量、低碳、绿色可持续发展。

近零能耗建筑电气设计简析

结合实际工程项目,依据GB/T 51350-2019《近零能耗建筑技术标准》相关设计标准要求,从电气管线气密层敷设、光伏发电、LED光电玻璃、监测和控制、能效指标判定等方面论述近零能耗建筑电气的相关设计,简析标准要求的电气技术措施。

医院建筑暖通空调节能改造设计方法

在节能环保的工程理念下,以某医院建筑的暖通空调系统节能改造为例,通过对原暖通空调系统运行特点的分析,明确实际运行状况,提出节能改造方案,并评价节能降耗前后暖通空调系统的能耗状况,以更加科学的方法做好医院暖通空调系统的节能改造工作。

夏热冬冷地区综合建筑能耗敏感性分析

利用EnergyPlus软件,对夏热冬冷地区的重庆、武汉、南京、上海的建筑进行数值模拟,模拟出朝向(BO)、窗户导热系数(WinC)、窗户透光率(WVT)、墙体导热系数(WC)、墙体太阳光吸收率(WSA)、墙体比热容(WSH)、屋顶导热系数(RC)、屋顶太阳光吸收率(RSA)、屋顶比热容(RSH)共9种因素对建筑能耗的影响。首先采用全局敏感性分析,对不同因素的水平变化范围内的4000种随机组合方案进行模拟,结果表明4座城市中墙体导热系数、墙体太阳光吸收率、屋顶导热系数、窗户导热系数等4种因素对建筑能耗的影响较大;然后基于这4种主要影响因素的情况采用局部敏感性分析的方法,对4种因素进行单项优化,结果表明能耗比分别能够达到56.43%、56.83%、56.44%、55.47%。