Low Carbon Building Design Optimization Based on Intelligent Energy Management System

The construction of relevant standards for building carbon emission assessment in China has just started,and the quantitative analysis method and evaluation system are still imperfect,which hinders the development of low-carbon building design.Therefore,the use of intelligent energy management system is very necessary.The purpose of this paper is to explore the design optimization of low-carbon buildings based on intelligent energy management systems.Based on the proposed quantitative method of building carbon emission,this paper establishes the quota theoretical system of building carbon emission analysis,and develops the quota based carbon emission calculation software.Smart energy management system is a low-carbon energy-saving system based on the reference of large-scale building energy-saving system and combined with energy consumption.It provides a fast and effective calculation tool for the quantitative evaluation of carbon emission of construction projects,so as to realize the carbon emission control and optimization in the early stage of architectural design and construction.On this basis,the evaluation,analysis and calculation method of building structure based on carbon reduction target is proposed,combined with the carbon emission quota management standard proposed in this paper.Taking small high-rise residential buildings as an example,this paper compares and analyzes different building structural systems from the perspectives of structural performance,economy and carbon emission level.It provides a reference for the design and evaluation of low-carbon building structures.The smart energy management system collects user energy use parameters.It uses time period and time sequence to obtain a large amount of data for analysis and integration,which provides users with intuitive energy consumption data.Compared with the traditional architectural design method,the industrialized construction method can save 589.22 megajoules(MJ)per square meter.Based on 29270 megajoules(MJ)per ton of standard coal,the construction area of the case is about 8000 m2,and the energy saving of residential buildings is 161.04 tons of standard coal.This research is of great significance in reducing the carbon emission intensity of buildings.

Plus Energy Buildings:A Numerical Case Study

The feasibility of Plus Energy Building for a sample relevant case is investigated.After a literature review aimed to identify key aspects of this type of buildings,a preliminary evaluation of the thermal performance of a building constructed using conventional material is presented together with a parametric analysis of the impact of typical influential parameters.Solar domestic hot water(SDHW)and photovoltaic systems(PV)are considered in the study.Numerical simulations indicate that for the examined sample case(Beirut in Lebanon)the total annual energy need of conventional building is 87.1 kWh/y.m^(2).About 49%of energy savings can be achieved by improving the building envelope and installing energy efficient technologies.Moreover,about 90%of energy savings in domestic hot water production can be achieved by installing a SDHW system composed of two solar collectors connected in series.Finally,the addition of a grid connected PV array system can significantly mitigate the energy needs of the building leading to an annual excess of energy.

Discussion on the application of the concept of environmental protection and energy saving in the design of building water supply and drainage

With the current,our country social economy rapid development,people's living standard and quality of life and therefore have got improved,at the same time,it is the concept of environmental protection and energy saving is also enhanced value,many fields in our country environmental protection and energysaving concept can be seen in the application,especially the application in building water supply and drainage design more widely,to protect the environment,to maximize the use of limited resources,how to reasonable use of water resources in building water supply and drainage construction,above is current the paper mainly discusses the problems in the construction field,this paper based on environmental protection and energy-saving concept,discusses its application in the building water supply and drainage design,for your reference.

Smart Building Design to Improve the Energy Consumption at an Office Room

Buildings are becoming smarter as a result of a variety of advanced technologies that enable energy management, optimal space utilization, and smart surveillance for safety, among other things. Energy-efficient smart building ideas and execution are of great interest and top priority due to the building’s occupants’ misused and high-power consumption. This paper addresses the design and execution of an energy management system that includes a solar power system for generating power for the building’s needs and a PIR-based automation system for efficient power use. This project was carried out at the Military Technological College (MTC) in Muscat, in the system engineering department’s offices. This project seeks to generate power for the building’s energy needs using solar photovoltaic panels and reduce energy consumption within the office using a PIR-based automation system. The results demonstrate that after the breakeven point (the time it takes to recoup the initial investment), it can provide power to the building for another 17 years. The calculations and practical results presented in this study approve that the system is extremely helpful.

Discussion on the Intelligent Design of Ultra-Low Energy Consumption Passive Buildings

With the continuous development of science and technology and the gradual improvement of modem building technology, people pay more and more attention to the introduction of advanced technology in architectural design, such as the application of intelligent technology. With the increasingly severe environmental situation, people are increasingly demanding the environmental performance and green performance of buildings. The establishment of ultra-low energy consumption passive buildings has become one of the key construction contents of construction projects. This paper mainly analyzes the design points and architectural forms of related buildings from the perspective of intelligent control.

Energy-saving Planning and Design of Urban Residential Buildings in Hanzhong Area

Energy-saving design of residential building is an important part of energy-saving architectural design. Planning and design of residential buildings in Hanzhong area should pay more attention to the building orientation, sunshine, summer ventilation and wind resistance in winter and so on, so as to create favorable conditions for energy-saving design of single buildings. The geographical location, climatic characteristics, residents living habits and indoor and outdoor thermal environment situation were analyzed in this paper, and combined with the existing problems of energy conservation in the planning and layout of residential buildings in Hanzhong area. Based on the investigation, this paper drew some conclusions to provide references for the energy-saving planning and design of urban residential buildings in the local area.

New Building Typologies for Zero Energy Mass Custom Housing(ZEMCH)in More Sustainable Patterns of Development

Conferences and publications on Smart Cities and self-styled ecological buildings such as“Vertical Forests”,“Biophilic”building complexes and other similar are multiplying.But then,in reality,we continue to design as we have always done for the last ninety years:with the consolidated rules and formal solutions of international post-modern composition,in its various forms.The only attentions are(and not always)to super-insulate the envelopes,arrange photovoltaic panels on the roofs,make the systems smart and cover the facades and roofs with appropriate green washing.Even in the awareness that human settlements and cities are extremely complex phenomena,mostly determined by economic and social factors,rather than by conscious typological-settlement choices,perhaps the time has come to acknowledge that the traditional paradigms of design must be changed.First of all,the types of settlements must be renewed,because it is through their optimization that the greatest savings in terms of energy and sustainability can be achieved.The research presented here is the application of a ten-year study that involved the development of net Zero Energy Mass Custom Housing(ZEMCH)in specific context in southern Italy.The Innovation and Transparency of Tenders Environmental Compatibility(ITACA)Assessment Protocol,derived from the Green Building Challenge’s GBTool,was used as a design guide,which is normally used for the assessment and judgment of sustainability at the building scale and not of the urban design.The result is a settlement model in which network of pedestrian,cycle and public transport is fully integrated with adjacent urban areas;effective landscaping connects public and private green and kitchen-gardens/orchards everywhere;buildings are made with new semi-underground typologies;net ZEMCHs are made with local,recyclable materials with low impact or positive energy balance;wastewater and rainwater are collected,in-loco phyto-purified and reused;renewable energies(sun,earth,wind)satisfy remaining necessities,with a minimum of plant interventions.

Building Information Modeling for Environmental Impact Assessment in Early Design Phases: A Literature Review

The building sector is the largest consumer of energy in industrial countries. Saving energy in new buildings or building renovations can thus lead to significant global environmental impacts. In this endeavor, building information modeling (BIM) and building energy modeling (BEM) are two important tools to make the transition to net-zero energy buildings (NZEB). So far, little attention has been devoted, in the literature, to discuss the connection between BIM, BEM, and Life-cycle assessment (LCA), which is the main topic of this article. A literature review of 157 journal articles and conference proceedings published between 1990 and 2020 is presented. This review outlines knowledge gaps concerning BIM, BEM, and environmental impact assessment. It suggests that defining the process with the right technology (at the right time) would result in a more integrated design process (IDP) and bridge current gaps. The most efficient way to improve process and technology is related to the competences of the architects, engineers and constructors (AEC). The review also indicates that the IDP in the early design phases (EDP) is in need of improvement for architects and engineers, where a better connection between design phases, specific levels of development (LOD) and BIM tools is needed. Competences, process and technology are the three main themes addressed in the review. Their relation to design phases and LOD is discussed. The aim is to propose possible solutions to the current hinders in BIM-to-BEM (BIM2BEM) and BIM-for-LCA (BIM4LCA) integration.

Analyses of influence of residential buildings' space organization on heating energy consumption in Lhasa

The heating load simulation models of the residential buildings in Lhasa are established for enhancing the space organization’s adaptability to climate and radiation and improving its energy saving performance.The space organization items a e analyzed for both the existing buildings without insulation and new buildings with good insulation.The items include orientation design,south a d north balcony design,the north and south partition wall’s position design,storey height design and window-wall ratio design.Simulation results show that orientation is the key design element for energy saving design,and adverse orientation can obviouslyincrease heating energy consumption;south and north balconies can reduce winter heating energy consumption;partition walls move to the north,which means that the south room’s big depth design leads to less heating energy consumption,but the effect is not inconspicuous;smaier storey height results in less heating load.For the existing buildings,the window-wall ratio of south side has a balance point for energy saving design in the calculation condition.For the new buildings with good insulation,enlarging the south window-wal ratio can continuously reduce heating energy consumption,but the energy saving rate between models gets smaier.The heating energy consumption comparison study between the common model and optimal space design model demonstrates that the energy saving design can significantly reduce heating energy consumption

Evaluation of Radon Indoor Pollution Risk in High Efficiency Energy Buildings

The target of achieving high energy efficiency standard in order to comply with the EU Directives is leading to remarkable efforts to improve the performance of the building envelope. Excellent thermal insulation and airtight sealing of leakages are of the utmost importance to fulfil the expected targets. Unfortunately, airtightness produces the negative effect of increasing the indoor concentration of air pollutants like radon. Despite the seriousness of the problem is generally misconceived, long-term exposition to radon is acknowledged to be the second cause of lung cancer after smoke. The paper outlines the implications for the building sector and focuses on design and preventive criteria as well as on mitigation and remedial techniques.

Discussion on Electrical Design of Passive Residential Building

As the national buildings in each climate zone and passive low energy consumption building demonstration projects expand,there has been a wave of innovation across the construction industry.China is also becoming a hot zone for energy-efficient and high-performance passive buildings.Along with the traditional passive building structure,steel structure passive construction,assembled PC structure passive construction such as the emergence of various types of passive construction,as well as a variety of new building materials,doors and Windows,and air conditioning air equipment,put forward a new challenge for building electrical engineering design personnel and requirements.

CBE Clima Tool:A free and open-source web application for climate analysis tailored to sustainable building design

Climate-responsive building design holds immense potential for enhancing comfort,energy efficiency,and environmental sustainability.However,many social,cultural,and economic obstacles might prevent the wide adoption of designing climate-adapted buildings.One of these obstacles can be removed by enabling practitioners to easily access,visualize and analyze local climate data.The CBE Clima Tool(Clima)is a free and open-source web application that offers easy access to publicly available weather files and has been created for building energy simulation and design.It provides a series of interactive visualizations of the variables contained in the EnergyPlus Weather Files and several derived ones like the UTCI or the adaptive comfort indices.It is aimed at students,educators,and practitioners in the architecture and engineering fields.Since its inception,Clima’s user base has exhibited robust growth,attracting over 25,000 unique users annually from across 70 countries.Our tool is poised to revolutionize climate-adaptive building design,transcending geographical boundaries and fostering innovation in the architecture and engineering fields.

Uncertainty-based life-cycle analysis of near-zero energy buildings for performance improvements

Near-zero energy buildings( nZEBs) are considered as an effective solution to mitigating CO_2 emissions and reducing the energy usage in the building sector. A proper sizing of the nZEB systems( e. g. HVAC systems,energy supply systems,energy storage systems, etc.) is essential for achieving the desired annual energy balance,thermal comfort,and grid independence. Two significant factors affecting the sizing of nZEB systems are the uncertainties confronted by the building usage condition and weather condition,and the degradation effects in nZEB system components. The former factor has been studied by many researchers; however,the impact of degradation is still neglected in most studies. Degradation is prevalent in energy components of nZEB and inevitably leads to the deterioration of nZEB life-cycle performance. As a result,neglecting the degradation effects may lead to a system design which can only achieve the desired performance at the beginning several years. This paper,therefore,proposes a life-cycle performance analysis( LCPA) method for investigating the impact of degradation on the longitudinal performance of the nZEBs. The method not only integrates the uncertainties in predicting building thermal load and weather condition,but also considers the degradation in the nZEB systems. Based on the proposed LCPA method,a two-stage method is proposed to improve the sizing of the nZEB systems.The study can improve the designers "understanding of the components"degradation impacts and the proposed method is effective in the life-cycle performance analysis and improvements of nZEBs. It is the first time that the impacts of degradation and uncertainties on nZEB LCP are analysed. Case studies showthat an nZEB might not fulfil its definition at all after some years due to component degradation,while the proposed two-stage design method can effectively alleviate this problem.

Conceptual Issues in the Qualification of Intelligent Buildings

The reality of global warming must have been settled by now while the incidence of same has in very recent times adopted unprecedented dimensions. The global community continues to look for ways to combat the impact of climate change and technology is looked upon to deliver the innovations that would ensure a better tomorrow today. Rapid advancement of Information Technology (IT), is now transforming the way we create and interact with the built environment with the notion of Intelligent Buildings (IBs) underscoring its main features. However, these IBs utilize systems that require energy, and fossil fuels are currently the world’s primary energy sources;they can also irreparably harm the environment, exacerbating climate change. What then is the true essence of IBs? This paper, through review of existing literature, attempts to explore some issues associated with the conceptualization of IBs, highlighting how they are similar with other notional options that deliver the same benefits but without the needed IT systems or the energy required in running them. It also discusses the need to focus on less energy demanding and management approaches at design or occupancy of buildings as a way to reduce the demand and thus consumption of fossil fuels across the world.

Optimization of Office Building Façades in a Warm Summer Continental Climate

A typical office building model with conventional use and contemporary building systems was developed for fa?ade optimization in continental climate. Wall, glazing area and window parameters were taken as the main variables. The objective function of optimization task described in this article is the minimization of cooling and heating energy con-sumption. The office building fa?ades optimization was carried out using a combination of IDA Indoor Climate and Energy 4.5 and GenOpt. The process is described in detail so that the approach may be emulated. A hybrid multidimen-sional optimization algorithm GPSPSOCCHJ was used in calculation process. The optimization results are presented in four quick selection charts to assist architects, designers and real estate developers make suitable early stage fa?ade selection decisions.

Green Design Studio: A modular-based approach for high-performance building design

A modular-based Green Design Studio(GDS)platform has been developed in this study for fast and accurate performance analysis for early stage green building design.The GDS platform aims to simplify the design and analysis process by embedding performance parameters into design elements in modules and employing near-real-time model for whole building performance simulation as well as by providing an easy-to-use and intuitive user interface to assist users without extensive knowledge on building physics.The platform consists of building modules as fundamental building blocks,performance predicting models,and a user interface for visualization and interactive design.In the platform,a whole building is composed of modules organized in a hierarchical structure,including spaces,enclosures,service systems,sustainable resource systems and sites.Both physics-based and data-driven models can be used to simulate the building performance and optimize building systems.A simplified physics-based model,the Resistance–Capacitance(RC)model,has been proposed as a generic simulation model for the flows of heat,air,moisture and pollutants,which is significantly faster than conventional simulation tools such as EnergyPlus,and hence more practical for use in real-time design interaction and optimization.A pilot case study is conducted to illustrate the modular-based design approach using a section of an office building.Compared to conventional building performance analysis tools,the GDS platform can provide fast and reliable feedback on performance prediction for early design.The modular approach makes it easier to modify the building design and evaluate the potentials and contributions of various green design features and technologies.

Model of Next Generation Energy-Efficient Design Software for Buildings

Energy-efficient design for buildings (EEDB) is a vital step towards building energy-saving. In order to greatly improve the EEDB, the next generation EEDB software that makes use of latest technologies needs to be developed. This paper mainly focuses on establishing the model of the next generation EEDB software. Based on the investigation of literatures and the interviews to the designers, the requirements on the next generation EEDB software were identified, where the lifecycle assessment on both energy consumption and environmental impacts, 3D graphics support, and building information modeling (BIM) support were stressed. Then the workflow for using the next generation EEDB software was established. Finally, based on the workflow, the framework model for the software was proposed, and the partial models and the corresponding functions were systematically analyzed. The model lays a solid foundation for developing the next generation EEDB software.

New challenges for optimal design of nearly/net zero energy buildings under post-occupancy performance-based design standards and a risk-benefit based solution

One of the challenges in construction of nearly and net ZEBs is how to truly achieve the nearly and net energy goals after building occupancy.Traditional building design standards and practices are mostly based on design performance evaluation,but practices show that many designed nearly/net ZEBs failed to achieve the energy goals after building occupancy.To facilitate the practical achievement of nearly and net ZEBs,recently most of the newly-released ZEB design standards have turned to post-occupancy performance evaluation,posing great challenges to nearly and net ZEB design.However,the detailed challenges have not be comprehensively investigated,and effective optimal design methods which can facilitate the achievement of nearly and net ZEBs under these standards are still absent.In this study,new challenges of nearly and net ZEB design under the post-occupancy performance-based design standards are fully investigated,and a risk-benefit based optimal design method is proposed to facilitate the achievement of nearly and net ZEBs under these standards.The newly-released ZEB standard in China is taken as an example to investigate the challenges and test the proposed method.Results show that nearly and net ZEBs designed using conventional design method have high risk in achieving energy goals under these standards due to high risk in satisfying the requirement regarding non-renewable primary energy consumption after building occupancy.The proposed design method is effective to facilitate achieving energy goals under these standards based on the risk that decision-makers would like to take.

Design and control optimization of energy systems of smart buildings today and in the near future

Buildings contribute to a major part of energy consumption in urban areas, especially in areas like Hong Kong which is full of high-rise buildings. Smart buildings with high efficiency can reduce the energy consumption largely and help achieve green cities or smart cities. Design and control optimization of building energy systems therefore plays a significant role to obtain the optimal performance. This paper introduces a general methodology for the design and control optimization of building energy systems in the life cycle. When the design scheme of building energy systems is optimized, primary steps and related issues are introduced. To improve the operation performance, the optimal control strategies that can be used by different systems are presented and key issues are discussed. To demonstrate the effect of the methods, the energy system of a high-rise building is introduced. The design on the chilled water pump system and cooling towers is improved. The control strategies for chillers,pumps and fresh air systems are optimized. The energy saving and cost from the design and control optimization methods are analyzed. The presented methodology will provide users and stakeholders an effective approach to improve the energy efficiency of building energy systems and promote the development of smart buildings and smart cities.

A cost effective approach to design of energy efficient residential buildings

The objective of this study is to identify cost-optimal efficiency packages at several levels of building energy savings.A two-story residential building located in Jordan is selected as a case study.DesignBuilder software is used to predict the annual energy usage of a twostory residence in Irbid,Jordan.Real-time experimental data from a single isolated controlled room was used to verify the proposed model.In addition to energy analysis,the economic,environmental,and social benefits of the proposed design have been investigated.The sequential search optimization approach is used to estimate the minimum cost of the building while considering various design scenarios.In addition,the impact of various energy conservation techniques on residential buildings is assessed,and the payback period for each program is calculated.Ultimately,the optimal combination of design to achieve energy efficiency measures has been identified in several climate regions.The simulations results predict that the annual electricity consumption can be reduced up to 50%if the proper combinations of energy conservation measures are selected at the lowest cost.The payback period is 9.3 years.Finally,energy efficiency measures can lead to a total of 9470 jobs/year job opportunities.The study provide practical framework to link between energy performance criteria and economic goals of building.Linking the energy performance requirements to economic targets provides guidelines for homeowners,contractors,and policymakers for making a suitable decision regarding the retrofitting of existing residential buildings.The study focuses on developing new methodologies that support minimizing costs during a building’s lifecycle while maximizing environmental benefits which can not be identified by a series of parametric analyses using individual energy-efficient measures.