Effects of level soil bunds and stone bunds on soil properties and its implications for crop production: the case of Bokole watershed, Dawuro zone, Southern Ethiopia

Level soil bunds (LSB) and stone bunds (SB) have been widely implemented in the Bokole watershed since 2000 through support of the World Food Program (WFP). However, the performance of them against the target of the structure has not been studied. This study analyzed the effect of LSB and SB on selected soil properties, when compared with nonterraced cropland. The Bokole watershed was divided into two units. From upper watershed, three croplands with LSB (aged 4, 6, and 9 years) and three nonterraced croplands each adjacent to one of the LSB were selected. Similarly, in lower watershed, SB aged 4, 6, and 8 years and three nonterraced croplands each adjacent to one of the SB were selected. From each cropland with LSB and SB, three composite soil samples (rep licates) were collected systematically in X designed rectangular plot. From each nonterraced cropland, three composite soil samples (replicates) were collected in X designed square plot. A total of 36 soil samples were analyzed for Soil Organic Carbon (SOC), Total Nitrogen (TN), Available Phosphorus (AP), Available Potassium (AK), pH, and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) following standard laboratory procedures. Most soil parameters were not significantly different in cropland with LSB and SB compared to nonterraced. However, in LSB aged 4 years and SB aged 6 years AP and pH were significantly less than their adjacent-nonterraced cropland. In SB aged 8 years, SOC, AP, AK, and pH were also significantly less than adjacent-nonterraced cropland. Past erosion, and past land uses are likely factors contributed to the observed result. It was inferred that the mean con tribution of LSB and SB alone for crop production with regard to analyzed soil parameters was not significant in the considered sites. Additional soil fertility management practices should be incorporated for better effect.

Study on the Development of Urban Ecotourism:A Case Study of the Bund of Shanghai

Based on the analysis of biological and non-biological factors in ecotourism development of the Bund,strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and challenges of its ecotourism development were explored from the perspectives of resource,location,tourist source and policy,and suggestions were given to further promote ecotourism development of the Bund.

Evaluation of Regional Characteristic Landscape along the Commercial Pedestrian Street Based on AHP:A Case Study of Dongpo Bund in Huangzhou

Based on investigation and literature collation,the evaluation factors of regional characteristic landscape along the commercial pedestrian street were extracted,and the evaluation system of regional characteristic landscape along the commercial pedestrian street was established by the AHP method.The regional characteristic landscape along the commercial pedestrian street is the first-level index,including four secondary indexes of regional characteristics of road landscape,regional characteristics of plant landscape,regional characteristics of architecture and sketch,and spatial landscape experience,as well as 17 three-level indicators such as road environment landscape coordination,uniqueness of road markers and road landscape recognizability.The reliability of the evaluation system of the regional characteristic landscape along the commercial pedestrian street in Dongpo Bund was proved.The importance sequence of road landscape level,spatial landscape experience,landscape visual effect and plant landscape characteristics in the regional characteristic landscape was obtained,and it is closely related to users’ satisfaction.According to the problems found in the survey,suggestions on the transformation of the regional characteristic landscape along the commercial pedestrian street in Dongpo Bund were put forward to provide reference for the transformation and improvement of regional characteristic landscape along similar urban commercial pedestrian streets.

Shanghai Bund Recovering Its Glory

In 1993, the Shanghai Municipal Government put forward a plan to resume the financial function of the Shanghai Bund which was called "the Far-East Wall Street" in the past. It evoked repercussions all over the international finance circles. Personnel from the Chinese and foreign financial institutions have come here to make investigation one after another. Those overseas investors formerly engaged in financial business in the Bund think

诙谐、互动的“食物机器”——MR&MRS BUND餐厅

地点：上海面积：1300平方米室内设计：Kokaistudios主设计师：Andrea Destefanis,Filippo Gabbiani完成时间：2015年4月摄影师：夏宇Kokaistudios与名厨Paul Pairet合作为亚洲顶尖餐厅MR＆MRS BUND进行了一系列革新性的室内重新设计。餐厅位于由联合国教科文组织授予的文化遗产建筑外滩18号,这座具有标志性且长盛不衰的建筑正是Kokaistudios十年前在中国完成的首个改造项目。这个激动人心的项目设计对于设计师来说是机遇和挑战并存。

DIE VERFASSUNG DES BUNDES VON DELOS UND DIE VORHERRSCHAFT ATHENS

Die Grundlagen des Attischen Seebundes wurden zwischen Herbst 478 und Frühjahr 477 v. Chr. gelegt, als zwischen den attischen und ionischen St?dtevereinigungen zum Zwecke der Verteidigung gegen die von den Persern geführten Angriffe ein

Bund Ball Boys

Two aspiring NBA players show off their basketball skills at an early morning workout on the Bund promenade, against a backdrop of Shanghai’s

外滩Bund 18号大楼——重构与新生

建筑,被称之为凝固的乐章、石头的书、艺术的载体,是人类文明发展阶段的标志。在经历了多年的风风雨雨之后,一些古建筑的保护维修,便成为文物保护工作中极为重要的一个方面。外滩 Bund 18号大楼就是其中的一例。挺身屹立于外滩中山东一路的 Bund 18号大楼,是一栋明朗、优雅。

捆绑销售中步骤策略对消费者购买意愿的影响:整体性的中介与思维方式的调节作用

步骤策略在捆绑销售实践中得到应用,然而,该策略的有效性尚未得到检验。品牌为捆绑组合内的各商品设置了明确的使用步骤,如“一洗二护”、“先水后乳”等,尝试通过步骤信息影响消费者的购买决策。研究将步骤策略纳入捆绑销售策略的研究范畴,通过两个实验探讨了步骤策略对消费者购买决策的影响及其心理机制。研究发现,步骤降低了消费者对捆绑组合的购买意愿,感知整体性起到了中介作用。另外,思维方式调节了步骤策略和感知整体性之间的关系,进一步影响消费者购买。研究结果丰富了捆绑销售策略研究,为品牌设计捆绑策略提供了建议。

Transplantation to Localisation:The Importation of Western Structural Technologies in Modern Shanghai Architecture Based on a Study of the Bund Buildings,1843–1943

Shanghai’s modern architectural heritage in the 19^(th) and early 20^(th) centuries is an essential aspect of modern Chinese architectural history because of its outstanding characteristics and well-preserved conditions.Modern Shanghai architecture was transformed by the importation of Western structural technologies and materials in addition to their forms and institutions.After 100 years of development since 1843,there were over 100 important buildings in the Bund area by 1943.These buildings were built in different periods using the best available structural technologies.This study focuses on the technological dimension of modern Shanghai architecture.Based on an architectural survey and a literature investigation of the Bund buildings,this study explores the evolution of modern structural technologies in Shanghai by analysing the Bund buildings’key structural factors.The influences of the localisation and implementation of Western architecture’s building technologies in Shanghai were also analysed,including time of importation,characteristics and integration of local craftsmanship and materials.This study focuses on the method and analyses of architectural technology history from not only technological and historical perspectives,but also a social sciences perspective.

复杂条件下北外滩黄浦江防汛墙的设计对策

北外滩滨江作为最后开发的岸线,建成后将成为北外滩世界级会客厅的重要窗口。为应对北外滩复杂的水文、地势地质及周边环境条件,结合实际经验,综合分析工程的水文地质、地形条件,采用水陆域统筹考虑的总体思路、创新的防汛墙设计对策、施工组织方案,实现了防汛墙的安全建设和按期完工,进而满足北外滩滨江的总体要求,达到了世界级滨水体验的要求。

Colourful treasure on Shanghai’s Bund:uncovering original paint fnishes in the Chinese Banking Hall of the former HSBC Building

The former HSBC Building,today occupied by Shanghai Pudong Development Bank,is one of the largest iconic buildings on the Bund in Shanghai.Designed by Palmer&Turner in the neoclassic style,the building was completed in 1923.Restoration of the interior of the Chinese Banking Hall,located within the southwestern corner of the building,is now underway.This rectangular room features four columns in the centre and stucco decoration on parts of the walls;the ceiling originally had a distinctive,vibrantly colourful design in a bold mix of Western and Chinese styles.The only extant documentation of the banking hall’s original decoration includes black-and-white photographs and a short,written description.Today,all the plaster surfaces are covered over with several layers of white and cream-coloured paint fnishes.A preliminary analysis of the hall’s decorative fnishes was conducted to determine the colours,paint materials,and condition of the original paint layers.The investigation revealed that in some sections,the original paint was very brittle.Restoration by exposing the fnishes in the entire room(removing the modern layers covering the original one)did not appear feasible.This article investigates the results of the following:assessing the condition of the paint materials;identifying the signifcance of the decorations;the challenges facing the room’s conservation;and potential conservation options for the room’s decoration.

Waldorf Astoria Shanghai on the Bund

The highly anticipated Waldorf Astoria Shanghai on the Bund recently announced the first of its two buildings,the Waldorf Astoria Club,will open this summer.Located on the celebrated Bund in Shanghai,the Waldorf Astoria Club occupies the same spot as the former Shanghai

A Thousand Views of the Bund An outsider discovers life in Shanghai

Before I came to Shanghai,I used to think the Bund was just a long I corridor alongside the Huangpu River facing the city’s central business district of Lujiazui in Pudong New Area.After checking the

Strangers Meet on Shanghai's Bund

TODAY’s Shanghai is changing greatly day by day, year by year. I was quite astonished by these changes when I was there recently on assignment for our newspaper. The International Hotel had been the most modern building in the city ten years ago, but now it looked just so-so among the crowd of new buildings. The inner ring road has been built above countless shops and alleys. The Huangpu and Yangpu bridges have added to the elegance of this southern city, making it even more grand and beautiful. And a vast communications network has changed the face of the Bund entirely. Many Shanghai residents, who left for coastal cities when the policy of reform

北外滩精细化管理典型示范区建设刍议

作为上海第三代中央商务区,虹口北外滩地区的总体定位之一为全球超大城市精细化管理典型示范区。针对这一目标,通过对北外滩城市管理现状的深入调研,以及与城市管理部门的广泛座谈,文章总结提炼了北外滩城市精细化管理工作所面临的数字化转型不充分、全周期管理待加强,以及基层治理机制不健全等多重问题,并由此提出了“一网统管”优化升级、规建管协同路径探索,以及多元主体参与社会治理等应对策略,为北外滩打造精细化管理典型示范区提供参考建议。

水耕历史对稻田-田埂过渡区土壤物理性质与水-氮分布的影响

选取水耕年限分别为2年、19年和>100年稻田,通过野外样品采集与室内分析相结合的方法,对比了稻田田内和田埂土壤物理性质与水-氮分布差异,揭示了水耕历史对稻田-田埂过渡区土壤物理性质与水-氮流失过程的影响机制。结果表明,耕作活动影响了稻田-田埂过渡区土壤容重、孔隙、土壤水分特征曲线和饱和导水率(Ks)等物理性质。随着水耕年限的增加,田内耕作层与田埂表土层、田内犁底层与田埂硬质层的容重差异增大;耕作层的中小孔隙(直径<0.03 mm)含量增加,其他土层的总孔隙和大孔隙(直径>0.3 mm和>0.03 mm)含量降低;田内土壤的Ks下降速度较田埂更快。在测定的吸力范围内(0~100 kPa),2年和19年的耕作层与表土层持水能力相近,而100年耕作层持水能力高于表土层;2年和100年的硬质层与犁底层持水能力相近,而19年硬质层持水能力更强;19年和100年田埂底土层持水能力较田内强。随着水耕年限增加,耕作层与表土层Ks差异减小,硬质层与犁底层Ks差异增加,2年、19年和100年硬质层的Ks分别是对应犁底层的1.10倍、6.90倍和6.32倍,100年田埂底土层的Ks明显高于田内。土壤物理性质的变化影响稻田-田埂过渡区的水-氮分布特征,主要表现为2年稻田的水-氮含量明显低于19年和100年稻田,且19年和100年稻田的水-氮在耕作层聚集。当水耕年限较短时,水-氮同时通过田内和田埂区域快速流失;随着水耕年限的增加,水-氮更易通过田埂发生渗漏。老稻田新修田埂的硬质层土壤会发生退化,再次成为水-氮快速流失位点。因此,对于耕作年限长的稻田,其田埂区域的水-氮渗漏更应引起重视。

人群踩踏动力学ABM仿真:以“外滩”事件为蓝本

公共场所踩踏事故造成群死群伤,宏观结构视角对此的解读出现乏力。基于社会物理学研究群体踩踏行为,通过微观行动揭示踩踏这一宏观涌现的成因机制、动态演化与系统稳态。重点考察何种微观个体Agents行为机制导致群体踩踏“涌现”,以上海外滩事件为蓝本,采用微观粒子运动碰撞建模。使用Netlogo软件,复现群体踩踏的酝酿、拥挤、踩踏、疏散的全过程。探索疏散方式、人群密度、感知半径等因素对踩踏结果与稳态时间的影响机制。研究发现,第一,有规则疏散与无规则逃散死伤率均呈“S型”曲线。有规则疏散较早出现死伤,最终水平低。无规则疏散则较晚才出现死伤。这凸显日常应急演练重要性。第二,人群密度影响疏散效果。超过现场安全容量时伤亡率急剧上升,凸显人群密度预警、流量管控、区域隔断的必要性。第三,感知半径R对死亡率存在影响峰值。R较小,死亡率在低位徘徊;R增加,死亡率激增,直到峰值;R继续增长,死亡率开始下降。受伤率而言,R效应存在S型曲线特征:R很低,受伤率低位徘徊;R增加,则开始激增,但无峰值;当R>17或18,进入S曲线缓慢增长阶段。第四,R=7与R=8之间求解最优感知半径。基于细分仿真法,求解R=7.4。现实中,感知半径R表征能见度、出口标志亮度、指示牌多寡、疏导喊话力度等。应按照最优感知半径布置公共安全应急资源。

紫色土埂坎根-土复合体土水特性与抗剪强度

研究根-土复合体土-水特征曲线与抗剪强度的关系,可为紫色土埂坎根-土复合体强化机理的揭示与埂坎稳定性的维持提供科学依据。选取三峡库区典型紫色土坡耕地埂坎草本植物根—土复合体为研究对象,结合Hyprop2土壤水分特征曲线测量仪、滤纸法与直剪试验,拟合土-水特征曲线,揭示基质吸力对根-土复合体抗剪强度的影响。结果表明:(1)根-土复合体土-水特征曲线明显分为边界效应区、过渡区与非饱和残余区,3种常用模型(B-C、VG、F-X)中F-X模型拟合该曲线效果最好,根-土复合体饱和含水率、进气吸力、残余区含水率以及相同体积含水率下的基质吸力均高于素土。(2)随着体积含水率降低,根-土复合体黏聚力先增大后减小,试验范围内黏聚力最大值51.25 kPa出现在体积含水率约23%时,内摩擦角则线性增大。相同体积含水率下,根-土复合体黏聚力较素土最大增加50%,内摩擦角提升不大。(3)基质吸力对根-土复合体抗剪强度的增强作用具有阶段性特征,各阶段临界吸力值与土-水特征曲线一致,过渡区(基质吸力为3~500 kPa)土体抗剪强度提高明显,进入非饱和残余区后(基质吸力>500 kPa)由于黏聚力下降,土体抗剪强度增速减慢,根-土复合体抗剪强度随基质吸力增大而提升的幅度大于素土。通过建立埂坎根-土复合体土-水特征曲线和抗剪强度的关系,可估测实际工况下的埂坎土体抗剪强度,进而为坡耕地埂坎的建设、维护管理以及坡耕地侵蚀阻控提供理论依据。

基于街景图像的历史风貌区建筑色彩研究——以上海市外滩历史文化风貌区为例

建筑色彩保护是城市规划和文化遗产保护中的重要议题,然而,目前在实践中存在着色彩认识不足、保护不够的问题。本文旨在利用街景图像和深度学习的方法进行建筑色彩分析从人本角度研究外滩历史文化风貌区建筑色彩现状特征。本文的研究成果对于建筑色彩保护问题具有重要的理论和实践意义。