The Bunsen reaction is the center reaction for both the sulfur–iodine water splitting cycle for hydrogen production and the novel hydrogen sulfide splitting cycle for hydrogen and sulfuric acid production from the su...The Bunsen reaction is the center reaction for both the sulfur–iodine water splitting cycle for hydrogen production and the novel hydrogen sulfide splitting cycle for hydrogen and sulfuric acid production from the sulfur-containing gases.This paper reviews the research progress of the Bunsen reaction in recent 10–15 years.Researches were initially focused on the optimization of the operating conditions of the conventional Bunsen reaction requiring excessive water and iodine to improve the products separation efficiency and to avoid the side reactions and iodine vapor deposition.Alternative methods including electrochemical methods,precipitation methods,and non-aqueous solvent methods had their respective advantages,but still faced challenges.In development of the technology of H2S splitting cycle,dissolving iodine in toluene solvent could render the Bunsen reaction to occur with the flowable I2 stream at ambient temperature such that the side reactions and iodine vaporization can be avoided and the corrosion hazard lessened.It also prevented the Bunsen reaction from using excessive iodine and water.The products from the Bunsen reaction including HI,H2SO4,H2O,and toluene could be directly electrolyzed.展开更多
The complex heat of BF_3 with methanol was measured by utilizing the principle of the Bunsen ice calorimeter. The complex heat of BF_3 –methanol was found to be 49.2 and 58.1 kJ/mol when the molar ratio of BF_3 to me...The complex heat of BF_3 with methanol was measured by utilizing the principle of the Bunsen ice calorimeter. The complex heat of BF_3 –methanol was found to be 49.2 and 58.1 kJ/mol when the molar ratio of BF_3 to methanol was 1:2 and 1:1,respectively. In addition,the complex heat of BF_3 –anisole was also measured to test the apparatus error. The BF_3 –anisole result showed a calorimeter value of 53.1 kJ/mol with a system error of 2.3% as compared with the value reported in the literature. The mechanism of the reaction of BF_3 and methanol was interpreted based on our obtained results. This apparatus is useful and suitable for measuring the heat of other liquid–gas and liquid–liquid reactions.展开更多
A composite material comprising a carbon layer and spherical carbon/carbon cloth(C-SC/CC)was fabricated using a hydrothermal-pyrolysis method,employing carbon cloth as the substrate and glucose as the carbon source.Th...A composite material comprising a carbon layer and spherical carbon/carbon cloth(C-SC/CC)was fabricated using a hydrothermal-pyrolysis method,employing carbon cloth as the substrate and glucose as the carbon source.The C-SC/CC electrode was evaluated as an electrocatalytic electrode for hydrogen production by electrolysis of Bunsen reaction products.The electrode prepared with 4 g of glucose and annealed at 800°C showed excellent electrocatalytic activity.It requires only a potential of 185 mV(vs.SCE)to achieve a current density of 10 mA/cm2.Furthermore,the electrode demonstrated good stability with a 6%loss in current density after 1000 cycles of scanning from 0.2 V to 1.2 V.These results indicate the potential of the SC/CC electrode as an efficient and durable electrocatalyst for the electrolysis of H2SO4 and HI.展开更多
A numerical model for aluminum cloud combustion which includes the effects of interphase heat transfer,phase change,heterogeneous surface reactions,homogeneous combustion,oxide cap growth and radiation within the Eule...A numerical model for aluminum cloud combustion which includes the effects of interphase heat transfer,phase change,heterogeneous surface reactions,homogeneous combustion,oxide cap growth and radiation within the Euler–Lagrange framework is proposed.The model is validated in single particle configurations with varying particle diameters.The combustion process of a single aluminum particle is analyzed in detail and the particle consumption rates as well as the heat release rates due to the various physical/chemical sub-models are presented.The combustion time of single aluminum particles predicted by the model are in very good agreement with empirical correlations for particles with diameters larger than 10μm.The prediction error for smaller particles is noticeably reduced when using a heat transfer model that is capable of capturing the transition regime between continuum mechanics and molecular dynamics.The predictive capabilities of the proposed model framework are further evaluated by simulating the aluminum/air Bunsen flames of Mc Gill University for the first time.Results show that the predicted temperature distribution of the flame is consistent with the experimental data and the double-front structure of the Bunsen flame is reproduced well.The burning rates of aluminum in both single particle and particle cloud configurations are calculated and compared with empirical correlations.Results show that the burning rates obtained from the present model are more reasonable,while the correlations,when embedded in the Euler–Lagrange context,tend to underestimate the burning rate in the combustion stage,particularly for the considered fuel-rich flames.展开更多
基金financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21576183)Natural Science and Technology Research Council of Canada(STPGP-350428-07)
文摘The Bunsen reaction is the center reaction for both the sulfur–iodine water splitting cycle for hydrogen production and the novel hydrogen sulfide splitting cycle for hydrogen and sulfuric acid production from the sulfur-containing gases.This paper reviews the research progress of the Bunsen reaction in recent 10–15 years.Researches were initially focused on the optimization of the operating conditions of the conventional Bunsen reaction requiring excessive water and iodine to improve the products separation efficiency and to avoid the side reactions and iodine vapor deposition.Alternative methods including electrochemical methods,precipitation methods,and non-aqueous solvent methods had their respective advantages,but still faced challenges.In development of the technology of H2S splitting cycle,dissolving iodine in toluene solvent could render the Bunsen reaction to occur with the flowable I2 stream at ambient temperature such that the side reactions and iodine vaporization can be avoided and the corrosion hazard lessened.It also prevented the Bunsen reaction from using excessive iodine and water.The products from the Bunsen reaction including HI,H2SO4,H2O,and toluene could be directly electrolyzed.
文摘The complex heat of BF_3 with methanol was measured by utilizing the principle of the Bunsen ice calorimeter. The complex heat of BF_3 –methanol was found to be 49.2 and 58.1 kJ/mol when the molar ratio of BF_3 to methanol was 1:2 and 1:1,respectively. In addition,the complex heat of BF_3 –anisole was also measured to test the apparatus error. The BF_3 –anisole result showed a calorimeter value of 53.1 kJ/mol with a system error of 2.3% as compared with the value reported in the literature. The mechanism of the reaction of BF_3 and methanol was interpreted based on our obtained results. This apparatus is useful and suitable for measuring the heat of other liquid–gas and liquid–liquid reactions.
基金the Science and Technology Development Projects of Jilin Province,China(Nos.20220203027SF,20170414025GH).
文摘A composite material comprising a carbon layer and spherical carbon/carbon cloth(C-SC/CC)was fabricated using a hydrothermal-pyrolysis method,employing carbon cloth as the substrate and glucose as the carbon source.The C-SC/CC electrode was evaluated as an electrocatalytic electrode for hydrogen production by electrolysis of Bunsen reaction products.The electrode prepared with 4 g of glucose and annealed at 800°C showed excellent electrocatalytic activity.It requires only a potential of 185 mV(vs.SCE)to achieve a current density of 10 mA/cm2.Furthermore,the electrode demonstrated good stability with a 6%loss in current density after 1000 cycles of scanning from 0.2 V to 1.2 V.These results indicate the potential of the SC/CC electrode as an efficient and durable electrocatalyst for the electrolysis of H2SO4 and HI.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51706241)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.2020JJ4665 and 2021JJ30775)+1 种基金Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate,China(No.CX2019-0050)support provided by China Scholarship Council(No.201903170201)。
文摘A numerical model for aluminum cloud combustion which includes the effects of interphase heat transfer,phase change,heterogeneous surface reactions,homogeneous combustion,oxide cap growth and radiation within the Euler–Lagrange framework is proposed.The model is validated in single particle configurations with varying particle diameters.The combustion process of a single aluminum particle is analyzed in detail and the particle consumption rates as well as the heat release rates due to the various physical/chemical sub-models are presented.The combustion time of single aluminum particles predicted by the model are in very good agreement with empirical correlations for particles with diameters larger than 10μm.The prediction error for smaller particles is noticeably reduced when using a heat transfer model that is capable of capturing the transition regime between continuum mechanics and molecular dynamics.The predictive capabilities of the proposed model framework are further evaluated by simulating the aluminum/air Bunsen flames of Mc Gill University for the first time.Results show that the predicted temperature distribution of the flame is consistent with the experimental data and the double-front structure of the Bunsen flame is reproduced well.The burning rates of aluminum in both single particle and particle cloud configurations are calculated and compared with empirical correlations.Results show that the burning rates obtained from the present model are more reasonable,while the correlations,when embedded in the Euler–Lagrange context,tend to underestimate the burning rate in the combustion stage,particularly for the considered fuel-rich flames.
