The Albian age Burgan Formation is one of the most important siliciclastic reservoirs in the Arabian Plate. Northwest of Persian Gulf is the main area in Iran invaded by these siliciclastic sediments. This study uses ...The Albian age Burgan Formation is one of the most important siliciclastic reservoirs in the Arabian Plate. Northwest of Persian Gulf is the main area in Iran invaded by these siliciclastic sediments. This study uses a new and comprehensive procedure to identify the reservoir characteristics of the Burgan Formation in Soroush oil field (NW Persian Gulf). Results from core and petrographic studies led identification of 7 microfacies (MF1 to MF7) that are grouped into 3 main facies association (FA1, to FA3). Results from reservoir characterization indicate a dramatic decrease in reservoir quality from bottom to top (FA1 toward FA3). Using the Flow Zone Indicator (FZI) method, 5 Hydraluic flow units (HFUs) were recognized in the formation. The HFUs are in a notable accordance with facies associations. The HFUs 1 and 2 correlate with theFA1, the HFUs 3 and 4 with the FA2 and the HFU5 cover intervals defined by FA3. Cluster analysis of wireline logs resulted in determination of 5 electrofacies (EF1 to EF5) which are in agreement with the ascertained HFUs. Inspecting the vertical distribution of FAs, HFUs and EFs, three distinct zones are determined. The lower zone is characterized by good reservoir quality, abundance of FA1, HFUs1 and 2 and also EFs 1 and 2 is observed there. The middle zone with a moderate reservoir quality and upper zone presents the poorest quality. In the middle zone FA2, HFUs3 and 4 and also EFs 3 and 4 are more abundant while in the upper one interval are clearly correlated with FA3, HFU5 and also EF5.展开更多
The Burgan Formation in northwest of the Persian Gulf is applied to lower part of Albian age Kazhdumi Formation, where is dominated by coarse to medium terrigenous facies. It is the most susceptible siliciclastic unit...The Burgan Formation in northwest of the Persian Gulf is applied to lower part of Albian age Kazhdumi Formation, where is dominated by coarse to medium terrigenous facies. It is the most susceptible siliciclastic unit in the area to hydrocarbon reservoir. This reservoir is studied in a well of Soroosh oil field with best available data to determine its facies characteristics, sequence stratigraphy and reservoir quality. Based on the petrographic results and log data, 7 facies are determined in the formation, which are mainly composed of sandstone and shale. These facies are classified into three facies associations (FA) based on their sedimentological properties and environmental conditions. The first FA consists of sandstone, siltstone and shale, mostly developed in the lower part of formation, and is related to a fluvial environment. The second FA consists of fluvial sandstones and sandwich by marine shales and is related to fluvial-dominated shallow marine setting (estuary to delta). The third FA consists of limestones of chemical and biochemical origin and is related to a marine condition. According to their reservoir quality, these facies associations show a decreasing trend in porosity and permeability values from FA1 to FA3. The first FA is more abundant in the lower part of the Burgan Formation where causes a good reservoir quality trait. FA2, presenting a medium reservoir quality, is more frequent in the middle parts of studied formation and FA3 is found almost in the upper parts. Based on the results from this study, three 3rd order sequences have been identified. Sequences 1 and 3 are partial but the sequence 2 is the main and most complete one of the formation in the studied area. The paleosol horizons are used for relative sea level change analysis of the formation in sequence stratigraphic studies.展开更多
Provenance and tectonic setting of the Late Lower Cretaceous (Albian) sandstones in SW Iran have been interpreted on the basis of geochemistry (major and trace elements) of 35 samples from Iranian offshore oil fields ...Provenance and tectonic setting of the Late Lower Cretaceous (Albian) sandstones in SW Iran have been interpreted on the basis of geochemistry (major and trace elements) of 35 samples from Iranian offshore oil fields (Soroosh, Nowrooz, Foroozan and Hendijan). Geochemically, trace-element concentrations, such as La, Th, Sc and Zr, and ratios, such as La/Sc, Th/Sc, La/Co, and Th/Co, of sandstones from Kazhdumi Formation at four localities indicate that they were derived from felsic source rocks and deposited in a passive continental margin. Most major and trace element contents of Kazhdumi sandstones are generally similar to upper continental crust (UCC) values. However, some samples are depleted in major and trace elements (such as K<sub>2</sub>O, Na<sub>2</sub>O, Sr and Ba) relative to UCC, which is mainly due to absence or smaller amount of Na-rich plagioclase and K-feldspar and also paucity of clay minerals, which is possibly due to intense weathering and recycling. Enrichments in Zr, negative Sr anomalies and Th/U ratios higher than 4 for Kazhdumi sandstones are further evidence for recycled sources. The study of paleoweathering conditions based on chemical index of weathering (CIW) indicates a moderate to intense weathering of first cycle sediments, or it may alternatively reflect recycling under semi-arid to semi-humid climate conditions in Kazhdumi sandstones. The results of this study suggest that the main source for the Kazhdumi sandstones is likely located in uplifted shoulders of a rifted basin (Neo-Tethys) in its post-rift stage (Arabian basement).展开更多
文摘The Albian age Burgan Formation is one of the most important siliciclastic reservoirs in the Arabian Plate. Northwest of Persian Gulf is the main area in Iran invaded by these siliciclastic sediments. This study uses a new and comprehensive procedure to identify the reservoir characteristics of the Burgan Formation in Soroush oil field (NW Persian Gulf). Results from core and petrographic studies led identification of 7 microfacies (MF1 to MF7) that are grouped into 3 main facies association (FA1, to FA3). Results from reservoir characterization indicate a dramatic decrease in reservoir quality from bottom to top (FA1 toward FA3). Using the Flow Zone Indicator (FZI) method, 5 Hydraluic flow units (HFUs) were recognized in the formation. The HFUs are in a notable accordance with facies associations. The HFUs 1 and 2 correlate with theFA1, the HFUs 3 and 4 with the FA2 and the HFU5 cover intervals defined by FA3. Cluster analysis of wireline logs resulted in determination of 5 electrofacies (EF1 to EF5) which are in agreement with the ascertained HFUs. Inspecting the vertical distribution of FAs, HFUs and EFs, three distinct zones are determined. The lower zone is characterized by good reservoir quality, abundance of FA1, HFUs1 and 2 and also EFs 1 and 2 is observed there. The middle zone with a moderate reservoir quality and upper zone presents the poorest quality. In the middle zone FA2, HFUs3 and 4 and also EFs 3 and 4 are more abundant while in the upper one interval are clearly correlated with FA3, HFU5 and also EF5.
文摘The Burgan Formation in northwest of the Persian Gulf is applied to lower part of Albian age Kazhdumi Formation, where is dominated by coarse to medium terrigenous facies. It is the most susceptible siliciclastic unit in the area to hydrocarbon reservoir. This reservoir is studied in a well of Soroosh oil field with best available data to determine its facies characteristics, sequence stratigraphy and reservoir quality. Based on the petrographic results and log data, 7 facies are determined in the formation, which are mainly composed of sandstone and shale. These facies are classified into three facies associations (FA) based on their sedimentological properties and environmental conditions. The first FA consists of sandstone, siltstone and shale, mostly developed in the lower part of formation, and is related to a fluvial environment. The second FA consists of fluvial sandstones and sandwich by marine shales and is related to fluvial-dominated shallow marine setting (estuary to delta). The third FA consists of limestones of chemical and biochemical origin and is related to a marine condition. According to their reservoir quality, these facies associations show a decreasing trend in porosity and permeability values from FA1 to FA3. The first FA is more abundant in the lower part of the Burgan Formation where causes a good reservoir quality trait. FA2, presenting a medium reservoir quality, is more frequent in the middle parts of studied formation and FA3 is found almost in the upper parts. Based on the results from this study, three 3rd order sequences have been identified. Sequences 1 and 3 are partial but the sequence 2 is the main and most complete one of the formation in the studied area. The paleosol horizons are used for relative sea level change analysis of the formation in sequence stratigraphic studies.
文摘Provenance and tectonic setting of the Late Lower Cretaceous (Albian) sandstones in SW Iran have been interpreted on the basis of geochemistry (major and trace elements) of 35 samples from Iranian offshore oil fields (Soroosh, Nowrooz, Foroozan and Hendijan). Geochemically, trace-element concentrations, such as La, Th, Sc and Zr, and ratios, such as La/Sc, Th/Sc, La/Co, and Th/Co, of sandstones from Kazhdumi Formation at four localities indicate that they were derived from felsic source rocks and deposited in a passive continental margin. Most major and trace element contents of Kazhdumi sandstones are generally similar to upper continental crust (UCC) values. However, some samples are depleted in major and trace elements (such as K<sub>2</sub>O, Na<sub>2</sub>O, Sr and Ba) relative to UCC, which is mainly due to absence or smaller amount of Na-rich plagioclase and K-feldspar and also paucity of clay minerals, which is possibly due to intense weathering and recycling. Enrichments in Zr, negative Sr anomalies and Th/U ratios higher than 4 for Kazhdumi sandstones are further evidence for recycled sources. The study of paleoweathering conditions based on chemical index of weathering (CIW) indicates a moderate to intense weathering of first cycle sediments, or it may alternatively reflect recycling under semi-arid to semi-humid climate conditions in Kazhdumi sandstones. The results of this study suggest that the main source for the Kazhdumi sandstones is likely located in uplifted shoulders of a rifted basin (Neo-Tethys) in its post-rift stage (Arabian basement).