The distribution and migration of houbara bustard in China was studied by range investigation and tracking through PTT satellite transmitter from 1997 to 2004. The houbara bustard occurs in the Junggar Basin, north pa...The distribution and migration of houbara bustard in China was studied by range investigation and tracking through PTT satellite transmitter from 1997 to 2004. The houbara bustard occurs in the Junggar Basin, north part of Tacheng Basin and valley of Ulungur river in northern Xinjiang, southern part of Turpan Basin and Barkol in eastern Xinjiang. In Inner Mongolia, the houbara bustard occurs in Urathouqi, Alxahouqi and Ejinaqi. In Gansu province, the houbara bustard occurs in Wuwei, Minqin and Shandan. The whole range is not contiguous area. Houbara bastard started migration from Junggar Basin in northern Xinjiang, Turpan Basin and Barkol in eastern Xinjiang, Wuwei in western Gansu Province and Bayan Nur in western Inner Mongolia in the middle of September. Flying to the west and northwest, via Junggar Basin and area between Bole and Habahe in northern Xinjiang, entered Kazakhstan, they turned toward southwest, passed Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, arrived in Arabia Bay of southern Iran or flied over Afghanistan, arrived in southern Pakistan for wintering. The whole migration usually took 35 +/- 13 days covering a distance of 4 800-7 000 km. In the next year, houbara went back to the breeding grounds in China through the same routes at the beginning of March. However, it took the birds 64 +/- 17 days to finish the spring migration. They arrived in breeding site between middle of April and late May. The sub-adults arrived later and did not breed.展开更多
Growth indicators including weight, body length, wings length, tail length, tarsus, gape, the third toe and head width of 21 nestlings of Great Bustard (Otis tarda) were measured and investigated in Harbin Zoo, Harbin...Growth indicators including weight, body length, wings length, tail length, tarsus, gape, the third toe and head width of 21 nestlings of Great Bustard (Otis tarda) were measured and investigated in Harbin Zoo, Harbin, China during 1999-2002, and methods on successfully fostering nestlings of the bird were also summarized in this article. The results showed: the Great Bustard is a kind of premature bird and its birth weight was 86.31?.56g (N=21); environmental temperature for the neonatal nestlings should be controlled at 36C; the feeding principle having many meals but little food at each for the nestlings should be followed; since six weeks after birth, nestlings of both gender began to show significant difference in body weight, the weight of male was 1.8 times of that of the female after fourteenth week, and by weight and body figure sexual identity could be easily discerned when 3 or 4 months old; There is no significant difference in growth and development of all organs between male and female nestlings and organ growth curves were fit into Logistic equation.展开更多
Twelve indices of blood for great bustard were determined by using JT-TR blood cell analyzer. Theyincluded white cell number, red cell number, hemoglobin density, hematocrit. mean volume of red cell, mean hemoglobin o...Twelve indices of blood for great bustard were determined by using JT-TR blood cell analyzer. Theyincluded white cell number, red cell number, hemoglobin density, hematocrit. mean volume of red cell, mean hemoglobin of red cell, mean hemoglobin density of red cell, distribution width of red cell, platelet number, platelethematocrit, mean platelet volume, and platelet distribution width. The analysis data indicated that the blood ofgreat bustard have strong function of taking oxygen. The current breeding condition is fine and suitable for thephysiological requirements of great bustard.展开更多
Ultra-micro structure of eggshell was observed and compositions of eggshell and feather were analyzed. The results showed that the structure of eggshell has special characters besides common structure. The content of ...Ultra-micro structure of eggshell was observed and compositions of eggshell and feather were analyzed. The results showed that the structure of eggshell has special characters besides common structure. The content of poisonous elements in wild great bustard(Otis talda) eggshell and feather is significant lower than that in eggshell of crested foes(Nipponis nippon) and in feather of red crown crane(Grus japonesis) because of less disturbance by people. The contents of 14 elements of female’s feather all are higher than those of male’s.展开更多
The Great Bustard(Otis tarda) world population is estimated to be 44100–57000 individuals in 2010,of which about 57–70% occur in Spain,15–25% in European Russia,4–10% in China,Mongolia and south-eastern Russia,3–...The Great Bustard(Otis tarda) world population is estimated to be 44100–57000 individuals in 2010,of which about 57–70% occur in Spain,15–25% in European Russia,4–10% in China,Mongolia and south-eastern Russia,3–4% in Portugal,3% in Hungary,1–2% in Turkey,and smaller numbers in ten other countries.The reliability of current censuses and estimates may be described as high for a large fraction of the world population(67–75%),and low for the remain-ing 25–33%(including Russia,Mongolia,China,Turkey,Ukraine,Iran and Kazakhstan).In spite of continued declines reported for some countries(e.g.,Turkey,Iran,China) ,the present survey suggests that total numbers have not significantly decreased worldwide during the last decade,as opposed to the globally declining trend currently assumed.This is due to a large fraction of the world total living in countries whose overall surveys are apparently stable(e.g.,Spain,Portugal),after a noticeable recovery during the last few decades once the hunting ban was established.Only 6–10% of the world total is apparently still decreasing,mostly due to agricultural intensification,other causes of habitat degradation,and locally,also illegal hunting and collision with power lines.A small fraction of the world population(3–4%),is clearly(Germany,Austria) or apparently(Hungary) increasing,due to management and conservation measures.Finally,19–22% of the world total has an uncertain status,due to inaccurate current or past censuses which prevent establishing reliable population trends.We recommend 1)keeping conservation efforts and the species’protection status worldwide,and 2)carrying out urgently nation-wide surveys in countries with low quality estimates,in order to confirm world numbers and trends.展开更多
There are two subspecies of Great Bustards in China : Otis tarda tarda, a rare resident of in Kashi region,Tianshan Mountains and Turpan region in xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in northwestern China. The other is O...There are two subspecies of Great Bustards in China : Otis tarda tarda, a rare resident of in Kashi region,Tianshan Mountains and Turpan region in xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in northwestern China. The other is O. t. dybowskii found in northeastern China. In 840 km2 survey area 150 Great Bustards were found. The average density was 0.81birds/ km2. Reasons for the decline of Great Bustard were analyzed. Conservation measures for the Great Bustards are recommended.展开更多
A trial of artificial incubation to great bustard (Otis tarda ) egg was conducted from 1995 to 1997.Among the 45 collected eggs, 28 eggs were fertilized and 26 hatched, with fertilizing rate 62.2% and incubation rate ...A trial of artificial incubation to great bustard (Otis tarda ) egg was conducted from 1995 to 1997.Among the 45 collected eggs, 28 eggs were fertilized and 26 hatched, with fertilizing rate 62.2% and incubation rate 92.85%. The mean Incubation-days for great bustard egg was confirmed as 24.4(21-28 days) with the formula for caculating fresh egg weight (W=KwLB2) and that for counting the incubated days by parents birds in field (ld=24(w-y)/0.144y). The proper incubation temperature and relative humidity were 36-37.8℃ and 50-65%.respectively. The egg weights and egg size average 130.45 g and 77.411.42 × 55.5 ± 0.65-mm respectively. The total weight loss of egg was 18.38±0.646 g, daily weight loss 0.748±0.071g in the incubation time. with a weight loss rate of 13.6±1 .02%. A linear regression equation to discribe the relationship between the egg weight and incubation days, was built, y=130.73-0.619± (x--incubation day, y--egg weight). r=-0.978. Twenty-eight hours were nassassary for great bustard embryo to complete the fledging when the were put in gas room. The mean weight of fledglings was 86.3±3.29 g(n=26).展开更多
Great bustard is one of the enelangered species in China. It breeds in China. The breeding area is not complete, but scattered, which is from the northeast of Neimenggu grassland to the sand land of Hulunbeier. This b...Great bustard is one of the enelangered species in China. It breeds in China. The breeding area is not complete, but scattered, which is from the northeast of Neimenggu grassland to the sand land of Hulunbeier. This breeding areas are isolated by Daxing’an Mountain, which are Neimeng, Songnen Plain and Kerqin sand land. The total area is about 7810 km2. The estimated total number of Great Bustands in the Northeast area of China is 377 birds.展开更多
基金financed by international cooperation between China and UZE:Project of Houbara Conservation and Ecological Monitoring in China (0866031)The Key Projects of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZ295-JI-114)
文摘The distribution and migration of houbara bustard in China was studied by range investigation and tracking through PTT satellite transmitter from 1997 to 2004. The houbara bustard occurs in the Junggar Basin, north part of Tacheng Basin and valley of Ulungur river in northern Xinjiang, southern part of Turpan Basin and Barkol in eastern Xinjiang. In Inner Mongolia, the houbara bustard occurs in Urathouqi, Alxahouqi and Ejinaqi. In Gansu province, the houbara bustard occurs in Wuwei, Minqin and Shandan. The whole range is not contiguous area. Houbara bastard started migration from Junggar Basin in northern Xinjiang, Turpan Basin and Barkol in eastern Xinjiang, Wuwei in western Gansu Province and Bayan Nur in western Inner Mongolia in the middle of September. Flying to the west and northwest, via Junggar Basin and area between Bole and Habahe in northern Xinjiang, entered Kazakhstan, they turned toward southwest, passed Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, arrived in Arabia Bay of southern Iran or flied over Afghanistan, arrived in southern Pakistan for wintering. The whole migration usually took 35 +/- 13 days covering a distance of 4 800-7 000 km. In the next year, houbara went back to the breeding grounds in China through the same routes at the beginning of March. However, it took the birds 64 +/- 17 days to finish the spring migration. They arrived in breeding site between middle of April and late May. The sub-adults arrived later and did not breed.
文摘Growth indicators including weight, body length, wings length, tail length, tarsus, gape, the third toe and head width of 21 nestlings of Great Bustard (Otis tarda) were measured and investigated in Harbin Zoo, Harbin, China during 1999-2002, and methods on successfully fostering nestlings of the bird were also summarized in this article. The results showed: the Great Bustard is a kind of premature bird and its birth weight was 86.31?.56g (N=21); environmental temperature for the neonatal nestlings should be controlled at 36C; the feeding principle having many meals but little food at each for the nestlings should be followed; since six weeks after birth, nestlings of both gender began to show significant difference in body weight, the weight of male was 1.8 times of that of the female after fourteenth week, and by weight and body figure sexual identity could be easily discerned when 3 or 4 months old; There is no significant difference in growth and development of all organs between male and female nestlings and organ growth curves were fit into Logistic equation.
文摘Twelve indices of blood for great bustard were determined by using JT-TR blood cell analyzer. Theyincluded white cell number, red cell number, hemoglobin density, hematocrit. mean volume of red cell, mean hemoglobin of red cell, mean hemoglobin density of red cell, distribution width of red cell, platelet number, platelethematocrit, mean platelet volume, and platelet distribution width. The analysis data indicated that the blood ofgreat bustard have strong function of taking oxygen. The current breeding condition is fine and suitable for thephysiological requirements of great bustard.
文摘Ultra-micro structure of eggshell was observed and compositions of eggshell and feather were analyzed. The results showed that the structure of eggshell has special characters besides common structure. The content of poisonous elements in wild great bustard(Otis talda) eggshell and feather is significant lower than that in eggshell of crested foes(Nipponis nippon) and in feather of red crown crane(Grus japonesis) because of less disturbance by people. The contents of 14 elements of female’s feather all are higher than those of male’s.
基金provided by project CGL2008-02567 of the Dirección General de Investigación
文摘The Great Bustard(Otis tarda) world population is estimated to be 44100–57000 individuals in 2010,of which about 57–70% occur in Spain,15–25% in European Russia,4–10% in China,Mongolia and south-eastern Russia,3–4% in Portugal,3% in Hungary,1–2% in Turkey,and smaller numbers in ten other countries.The reliability of current censuses and estimates may be described as high for a large fraction of the world population(67–75%),and low for the remain-ing 25–33%(including Russia,Mongolia,China,Turkey,Ukraine,Iran and Kazakhstan).In spite of continued declines reported for some countries(e.g.,Turkey,Iran,China) ,the present survey suggests that total numbers have not significantly decreased worldwide during the last decade,as opposed to the globally declining trend currently assumed.This is due to a large fraction of the world total living in countries whose overall surveys are apparently stable(e.g.,Spain,Portugal),after a noticeable recovery during the last few decades once the hunting ban was established.Only 6–10% of the world total is apparently still decreasing,mostly due to agricultural intensification,other causes of habitat degradation,and locally,also illegal hunting and collision with power lines.A small fraction of the world population(3–4%),is clearly(Germany,Austria) or apparently(Hungary) increasing,due to management and conservation measures.Finally,19–22% of the world total has an uncertain status,due to inaccurate current or past censuses which prevent establishing reliable population trends.We recommend 1)keeping conservation efforts and the species’protection status worldwide,and 2)carrying out urgently nation-wide surveys in countries with low quality estimates,in order to confirm world numbers and trends.
文摘There are two subspecies of Great Bustards in China : Otis tarda tarda, a rare resident of in Kashi region,Tianshan Mountains and Turpan region in xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in northwestern China. The other is O. t. dybowskii found in northeastern China. In 840 km2 survey area 150 Great Bustards were found. The average density was 0.81birds/ km2. Reasons for the decline of Great Bustard were analyzed. Conservation measures for the Great Bustards are recommended.
文摘A trial of artificial incubation to great bustard (Otis tarda ) egg was conducted from 1995 to 1997.Among the 45 collected eggs, 28 eggs were fertilized and 26 hatched, with fertilizing rate 62.2% and incubation rate 92.85%. The mean Incubation-days for great bustard egg was confirmed as 24.4(21-28 days) with the formula for caculating fresh egg weight (W=KwLB2) and that for counting the incubated days by parents birds in field (ld=24(w-y)/0.144y). The proper incubation temperature and relative humidity were 36-37.8℃ and 50-65%.respectively. The egg weights and egg size average 130.45 g and 77.411.42 × 55.5 ± 0.65-mm respectively. The total weight loss of egg was 18.38±0.646 g, daily weight loss 0.748±0.071g in the incubation time. with a weight loss rate of 13.6±1 .02%. A linear regression equation to discribe the relationship between the egg weight and incubation days, was built, y=130.73-0.619± (x--incubation day, y--egg weight). r=-0.978. Twenty-eight hours were nassassary for great bustard embryo to complete the fledging when the were put in gas room. The mean weight of fledglings was 86.3±3.29 g(n=26).
文摘Great bustard is one of the enelangered species in China. It breeds in China. The breeding area is not complete, but scattered, which is from the northeast of Neimenggu grassland to the sand land of Hulunbeier. This breeding areas are isolated by Daxing’an Mountain, which are Neimeng, Songnen Plain and Kerqin sand land. The total area is about 7810 km2. The estimated total number of Great Bustands in the Northeast area of China is 377 birds.
