Development of a Percentile Based Three-dimensional Model of the Buttocks in Computer System

There are diverse products related to human buttocks, which need to be designed, manufactured and evaluated with 3D buttock model. The 3D buttock model used in present research field is just simple approximate model similar to human buttocks. The 3D buttock percentile model is highly desired in the ergonomics design and evaluation for these products. So far, there is no research on the percentile sizing system of human 3D buttock model. So the purpose of this paper is to develop a new method for building three-dimensional buttock percentile model in computer system. After scanning the 3D shape of buttocks, the cloud data of 3D points is imported into the reverse engineering software（Geomagic） for the reconstructing of the buttock surface model. Five characteristic dimensions of the buttock are measured through mark-points after models being imported into engineering software CATIA. A series of space points are obtained by the intersecting of the cutting slices and 3D buttock surface model, and then are ordered based on the sequence number of the horizontal and vertical slices. The 1st, 5th, 50 th, 95 th, 99 th percentile values of the five dimensions and the spatial coordinate values of the space points are obtained, and used to reconstruct percentile buttock models. This research proposes a establishing method of percentile sizing system of buttock 3D model based on the percentile values of the ischial tuberosities diameter, the distances from margin to ischial tuberosity and the space coordinates value of coordinate points, for establishing the Nth percentile 3D buttock model and every special buttock types model. The proposed method also serves as a useful guidance for the other 3D percentile models establishment for other part in human body with characteristic points.

Mega-Volume Fat Transplantation to the Breast and Buttocks: A New Surgical Technique That Brings New Anesthetic Challenges

Objective: Autologous fat-grafting for the purpose of breast augmentation has gained widespread acceptance as a viable and safe alternative to classical breast implant procedures and has recently been successfully applied to buttock augmentation. Due to the numerous patient re-positionings and widely variable OR time, these procedures present unique challenges for anesthesiologists. Our goal is to discuss the current surgical methods, anesthetic methods, risks and benefits of this procedure. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study in the setting of the operating room. Twenty-nine consecutive cases of mega-volume fat transplantation, defined as >300 cc to an individual site, performed by one surgeon, were reviewed. Age, Body Mass Index, total fat injected, total operating room time, maximum intraoperative temperature, minimum intraoperative and temperature were measured. RESULTS: Our procedure has enjoyed a 100% patient satisfaction rate. Analysis reveals high variability in age (21 - 57), total fat injected (200 cc - 1990 cc), patient Body Mass Index (18.8 - 42.2) and total operating room time (1:23:00 - 6:14:00) for our procedures. There were no instances of major complications in this cohort. Conclusions: Autologous fat transplantation for the purposes of breast and buttock augmentation is an emerging technique that shows great promise and high patient satisfaction, but providing unique challenges for anesthesiologists and surgeons.

Tuberculosis Verrucosa Cutis on the Buttocks:A Case Report

Introduction:Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis is a rare form of cutaneous tuberculosis and occurs commonly on the lower extremeties(hand,thighs and buttock).It is often missed as other cutaneous verrucosa dieases and the pathogens of cutaneous tuberculosis is difficult to find.We showed an unusual case of tuberculosis verrucosa cutis on both buttocks.Case presentation:A 54 Chinese male presented with 9-year history of asymptomatic verrucous lesions on bilateral buttocks.Lesions presented a well-defined plaque,verrucous lesion and yellow pus discharge on buttocks.The skin biopsy showed pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of the epidermis and dermal granulomatous inflammation composed of epithelioid histiocytes and mixed inflammatory cells.The tuberculin test and the polymerase chain reaction for Mycobacterium tuberculosis were negative,but T-spot test were positive.the treatment of antituberculosis showed favourable effect.Finally,the diagnosis of tuberculosis verrucosa cuti was made.Discussion:Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis is easily confused with other verrucous diseases,such as verrucous porokeratosis,discoid lupus erythematosus hypertrophicus lichen planus,chromoblastomycosis.Diagnostic therapy is usually recommended for most of these diagnoses.Conclusion:A diagnosis of tuberculosis verrucosa cutis should be taken correctly based on the combination of clinical manifestions,histopathological characteristics,laboratory findings and diagnostic therapy.It is vital for dermatologists to be aware of verrucous lesions since a delay in diagnosis can lead to aggravate the disease,abuse of glucocorticoids.

Cutaneous Rosai–Dorfman Disease Presenting with Multiple Nodules on the Thighs and Buttocks

IntroductionRosai-Dorfman disease (RDD),also called sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy,is a rare,benign,idiopathic histiocytic proliferative disease.It is characterized by painless massive cervical lymphadenopathy.Additional symptoms may include fever,leukocytosis,polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia,and an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate.Cutaneous RDD (CRDD) is confined to the skin with no lymphadenopathy or other simultaneous phenomena.1-2 Pure CRDD accounts for only 3% of all described cases of RDD.3 We herein report an atypical case of CRDD in a woman with multiple nodules in the thighs and buttocks,which may improve the knowledge of this disease.

Misdiagnosis of food-borne foreign bodies outside of the digestive tract on magnetic resonance imaging:Two case reports

BACKGROUND Patients with foreign bodies in the digestive tract are often encountered,but complete penetration of a foreign body through the gastrointestinal tract is rare,and the choice of imaging method is very important.Improper selection may lead to missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis.CASE SUMMARY An 81-year-old man was diagnosed as having a liver malignancy after he took magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography/computed tomography(CT)examinations.The pain improved after the patient accepted gamma knife treatment.However,he was admitted to our hospital 2 mo later due to fever and abdominal pain.This time,he received a contrast-enhanced CT scan,which showed fish-boon-like foreign bodies in the liver with peripheral abscess formation,then he went to the superior hospital for surgery.It lasted for more than 2 mo from the onset of the disease to the surgical treatment.A 43-year-old woman with a 1 mo history of a perianal mass with no obvious pain or discomfort was diagnosed as having an anal fistula with the formation of a local small abscess cavity.Clinical perianal abscess surgery was performed,and fish bone foreign body was found in perianal soft tissue during the operation.CONCLUSION For patients with pain symptoms,the possibility of foreign body perforation should be considered.Magnetic resonance imaging is not comprehensive and that a plain computed tomography scan of the pain area is necessary.

Eighty Cases of Injury of the Superior Cluneal Nerve Treated by Electroacupuncture

Injury of the superior cluneal nerve is acommonly encountered affection in clinical practice.The author treated 80 cases of injury of the superiorcluneal nerve by electr0acupuncture from August1991 to August 1998,with other 77 cases treated byacupuncture as the controls.The result is reported asfollow.General Data157 OUtpatients were randomly diVided into thetreatment group and the control group.Among

The Shift of the Ischial Region during Maneuvering the Standard Wheelchair and the Electric Wheelchair in Healthy Adults

Pressure injuries are frequent secondary complications that occur in patients with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), and the recurrence rate of ischial pressure injury is highest in SCI patients. Most SCI patients use wheelchairs, and some studies have shown a relationship between buttock pressure and sitting posture. However, the pressure distribution during wheelchair maneuvering is unclear. We measured and compared the shift of the ischial region when maneuvering a standard wheelchair or electric wheelchair in healthy adults. The subjects drove wheelchairs on a flat ground of 10 m and the shift of ischial region was measured with a pressure distribution-measuring device. The ischial region shifted forward or backward while maneuvering both the standard wheelchair and the electric wheelchair, and the shift rate of the ischial region was not significantly different between the standard wheelchair and the electric wheelchair. The ischial region shift occurred when the forward head moved by the video while maneuvering both a standard wheelchair and an electric wheelchair. Therefore, the shift might occurred because the pelvis shifted forward in conjunction with head movement during maneuvering of both the standard wheelchair and the electric wheelchair. This result showed that it is important to reduce head and trunk movements when maneuvering a wheelchair to reduce the shear force on the buttocks and prevent pressure injuries.

Angiomyolipoma arising in the gluteal region

Angiomyolipoma （AML） is a tumour of uncertain .histogenesis originally believed to be a hamartomatous lesion, but recently recognized as a usually benign clonal mesenchymal neoplasm. Along with lymphagiomyomatosis （LAM）, clear cell ＂sugar＂ turnout （CCST） and clear cell myelomelanocytic tumour （CCMMT）, AML was classified in the so called perivascular epithelioid cell （PEComa） neoplasm family.

Surgical circumferential contouring:lower body,upper body,and in-between

Deformities in the body contouring population are rarely isolated to one area,and procedures can be combined to achieve more substantial results.While there is no formula for optimal surgical sequencing and timing,there are certain principles which-when applied appropriately-can yield results that are reliable,aesthetically pleasing,and aligned with the patient’s desires and preferences.In this article,we outline our latest thinking in circumferential body contouring and how to integrate the lower body lift with procedures of the abdomen,upper body,breasts,back,and arms to achieve the complete 360°look.