Tensile Mechanical Behavior and Failure Mechanism of a Plain-Woven SiCf/SiC Composites at Room and Elevated Temperatures

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are the preferred materials for solving advanced aerospace high-temperature structural components;it has the comprehensive advantages of higher temperature (~1500˚C) and low density. In service environments, CMCs exhibit complex damage mechanisms and failure modes, which are affected by constituent materials, meso-architecture and inhere defects. In this paper, the in-plane tensile mechanical behavior of a plain-woven SiCf/SiC composite at room and elevated temperatures was investigated, and the factors affecting the tensile strength of the material were discussed in depth. The results show that the tensile modulus and strength of SiCf/SiC composites at high temperature are lower, but the fracture strain increases and the toughness of the composites is enhanced;the stitching holes significantly weaken the tensile strength of the material, resulting in the material is easy to break at the cross-section with stitching holes.

Ti预处理的SiC_(f)/SiC与镍基高温合金复合铸件的界面组织与强度

由SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料与K403镍基高温合金熔体制备的一体化铸件,冷却到室温时会出现自行断裂。通过采用Ti粉埋覆包渗工艺在1100℃下对SiC_(f)/SiC表面进行预处理,并在适当工艺下与K403镍基高温合金熔体进行陶瓷型精密铸造,成功实现SiC_(f)/SiC与K403镍基高温合金的一体化成形和界面的牢固结合。结果表明:Ti预处理层平均厚度为17μm左右,Ti向SiC_(f)/SiC渗透、扩散和反应,形成含TiC,Ti3SiC2,Ti5Si3Cx,SiC相的显微组织;经过与高温镍基金属液复合铸造后,预处理层演变成厚约120μm的界面反应层,其典型界面组织为Ni2Si+C+Al4C3+MC(M主要含Ti及少量的Cr,Mo,W)。预处理层的存在减轻Ni与SiC的有害石墨化反应,缓解高温金属液对SiC_(f)/SiC的热冲击,形成的界面反应层降低热膨胀系数失配造成的热应力,使得SiC_(f)/SiC与K403一体化铸件结合界面的室温剪切强度达到63.5 MPa。

2D-SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料层间Ⅰ型断裂试验及表征

二维编织碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅复合材料(2D-SiC_(f)/SiC)在航空领域中得到广泛使用,然而该材料层间强度低,使其易萌生层间裂纹,引起分层破坏。为此,本工作采用楔形双悬臂梁法(W-DCB)和悬臂梁法(DCB)开展了层间Ⅰ型断裂试验,获得了2D-SiC_(f)/SiC的层间裂纹驱动的加载数据,得到了其裂纹端口张开力及张开位移变形曲线。在试验加载过程,通过光学显微镜监测了视觉裂纹扩展过程,探究了2D-SiC_(f)/SiC的层间I型裂纹扩展规律。结合理论分析和裂纹视觉特征解释了加载曲线拐点及其他特征点的断裂力学含义。利用扫描电子显微镜分析了2D-SiC_(f)/SiC的层间断面特征,揭示了断面分层裂纹扩展机制。结果表明:W-DCB方法测量的2D-SiC_(f)/SiC层间Ⅰ型初始能量释放率与DCB方法等效;2D-SiC_(f)/SiC层间Ⅰ型断裂过程中,裂纹端口变形曲线的多峰性不符合经典线弹性断裂力学预测的加载峰后特征,反映了2D-SiC_(f)/SiC层间约束关系的复杂性;层间断面为结构性非完全损伤,发生了局部纤维桥连现象。

国产三代2.5D SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料的界面力学性能

连续碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅复合材料(SiC_(f)/SiC)是下一代航空发动机的关键结构材料,其界面性能是决定材料力学性能的重要因素之一。为此,本研究表征了国产三代2.5D SiC_(f)/SiC的界面性能,并探究其与材料拉伸性能的关系。利用拉伸加/卸载过程中的迟滞特性定量分析了2.5D SiC_(f)/SiC中各组元残余应力和界面滑动应力(IFSS),根据断口拔出纤维的断裂镜面半径得到了纤维就位强度(σ_(fu))的统计分布,通过纤维推入法得到界面剪切强度(ISS)和界面脱黏能(G_(i))。结果表明:利用宏观结合细观的方法能够较全面地描述SiC_(f)/SiC从初始裂纹萌生到最终脱黏不同阶段的界面力学性能,2.5D SiC_(f)/SiC的IFSS、ISS和Gi分别为56 MPa、(28±5)MPa和(2.7±0.6)J/m2。ISS和Gi较低,表明界面结合较弱,在剪应力作用下易产生裂纹,而IFSS较大,表明界面脱黏后纤维与基体间相对滑动较为困难,阻碍了纤维拔出,不利于发挥纤维的增强作用。根据获得的界面性能和经典ACK模型,较好地预测出比例极限应力,并结合σ_(fu)预测了2.5D SiC_(f)/SiC的拉伸强度。拉伸强度预测值高于实验值,这与界面处径向残余压应力以及纤维承受的残余拉应力有关。

Oxidation Behavior of C/C-SiC Gradient Matrix Composites

Oxidation behavior of C/C-SiC gradient matrix composites and C/C composites were compared in stationary air. The results show that oxidation threshold of C-SiC materials increases with the amount of SiC particles in the codeposition matrix. Oxidation rate of C/C-SiC gradient matrix composites is significantly lower than that of C/C material. The micro-oxidation process was observed by SEM.

Oxidation behavior of CVI,MSI and CVI+MSI C/SiC composites

The oxidation behavior of chemical vapor infiltration(CVI),molten silicon infiltration(MSI)and CVI+MSI C/SiC composites at 500-1 400℃was studied.The oxidation below 900℃increased successively for CVI,CVI+MSI and MSI composites.However,the oxidation of CVI composite above 1 000 ℃was much faster thanthat of MSI and CVI+MSI composites. As active carbon atoms produced by siliconization of fibers during MSI process were oxidized first and decreased initial oxidation temperature.The initial oxidation temperature of MSI,MSI+CVI and CVI composites was 526,552 and 710℃,respectively.New active carbon atoms were generated due to the breaking of 2D molecular chains during oxidation,so the activation energy of three C/SiC composites was decreased gradually at 500-800℃with oxidation process,exhibiting a self-catalytic characteristic.

Wet friction performance of C/C-SiC composites prepared by new processing route

C/C-SiC composites with SiC island distribution were prepared via a new processing route. The fabrication process mainly included silicon infiltration by ultrasonic vibration, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), siliconizing, liquid phase impregnation and carbonization. The wear and friction properties were tested by an MM-1000 wet friction machine. The results show that SiC phases are mainly distributed between carbon fibers and pyrocarbons as well as among the pryocarbons. The dynamic friction coefficient of the composites decreases gradually from 0.126 to 0.088 with the increase of the surface pressure from 0.5 to 2.5 MPa at the same rotary speed. Furthermore, under the constant surface pressure, the dynamic friction coefficient increases from 0.114 to 0.126 with the increase of the rotary speed from 1 500 to 2 500 r/min. However, the coefficient decreases to 0.104 when the rotary speed exceeds 4 500 r/min. During the friction process, the friction coefficient of C/C-SiC composite is between 0.088 and 0.126,and the wear value is zero after 300 times brake testing.

Preparation and properties of C/C-SiC brake composites fabricated by warm compacted-in situ reaction

Carbon fibre reinforced carbon and silicon carbide dual matrix composites（C/C-SiC） were fabricated by the warm compacted-in situ reaction.The microstructure,mechanical properties,tribological properties,and wear mechanism of C/C-SiC composites at different brake speeds were investigated.The results indicate that the composites are composed of 58wt%C,37wt%SiC,and 5wt%Si.The density and open porosity are 2.0 g.cm^（-3） and 10%,respectively.The C/C-SiC brake composites exhibit good mechanical properties.The flexural strength can reach up to 160 MPa,and the impact strength can reach 2.5 kJ.m^（-2）.The C/C-SiC brake composites show excellent tribological performances.The friction coefficient is between 0.57 and 0.67 at the brake speeds from 8 to 24 m·s^（-1）.The brake is stable,and the wear rate is less than 2.02×10^（-6） cm^3·J^（-1）.These results show that the C/C-SiC brake composites are the promising candidates for advanced brake and clutch systems.

Monotonic tensile behavior analysis of three-dimensional needle-punched woven C/SiC composites by acoustic emission

High toughness and reliable three-dimensional needled C/SiC composites were fabricated by chemical vapor infiltration （CVI）. An approach to analyze the tensile behaviors at room temperature and the damage accumulation of the composites by means of acoustic emission was researched. Also the fracture morphology was examined by S-4700 SEM after tensile tests to prove the damage mechanism. The results indicate that the cumulative energy of acoustic emission （AE） signals can be used to monitor and evaluate the damage evolution in ceramic-matrix composites. The initiation of room-temperature tensile damage in C/SiC composites occurred with the growth of micro-cracks in the matrix at the stress level about 40% of the ultimate fracture stress. The level 70% of the fracture stress could be defined as the critical damage strength.

Preparation and Anti-oxidation Mechanism of Mullite/Yttrium Silicate Coatings on C/SiC Composites

In order to enhance the oxidation resistance of C/Si C composites, mullite/yttrium silicate coatings were fabricated on C/Si C composites through dip-coating route. Al_2O_3-SiO_2 sol with high solid content was selected as the raw material for mullite and ＂silicone resin ＋ Y_2O_3 powder＂ slurry was used to synthesize yttrium silicate. The microstructure and phase composition of coatings were characterized, and the investigation on oxidation resistance and anti-oxidation mechanism was emphasized. The as-fabricated coatings consisting of SiO_2-rich mullite phase and Y_2Si_2O_7 phase show high density and favorable bonding to C/Si C composites. After oxidized at 1 400 ℃ and 1 500 ℃ for 30 min in static air, the coating-containing C/Si C composites possess 91.9% and 102.4% of the original flexural strength, respectively. The desirable thermal stability of coatings and the further densification of coatings due to viscous flow of rich SiO_2 and Y-Si-Al-O glass are responsible for the excellent oxidation resistance. In addition, the coating-containing composites retain 99.0% of the original flexural strength and the coatings exhibit no cracking and desquamation after 12 times of thermal shock from 1 400 ℃ to room temperature, which are ascribed to the combination of anti-oxidation mechanism and preferable physical and chemical compatibility among C/Si C composites, mullite and Y_2Si_2O_7. The carbothermal reaction at 1 600 ℃ between free carbon in C/Si C substrate and rich SiO_2 in mullite results in severe frothing and desquamation of coatings and obvious degradation in oxidation resistance.

Failure criteria for C/SiC composites under plane stress state

The applicability and limitation of several quadratic strength theories were investigated with respect to 2D-C/SiC and 2.5D-C/SiC composites. A kind of damage-based failure criterion, referred to as D-criterion, is proposed for non- linear ceramic composites. Meanwhile, the newly developed criterion is prelim- inarily validated under tension-shear combined loadings. The prediction shows that the failure envelope given by D-criterion is lower than that from Tsai-Hill and Hoffman criteria. This reveals that the damage-based criterion is reasonable for evaluation of damage-dominated failure strength.

Tribological characteristics of C/C-SiC braking composites under dry and wet conditions

C/C-SiC braking composites,based on reinforcement of carbon fibers and matrices of carbon and silicon carbide,were fabricated by warm compaction and in situ reaction process.The tribological characteristics of C/C-SiC braking composites under dry and wet conditions were investigated by means of MM-1000 type of friction testing machine.The influence of dry and wet conditions on the tribological characteristics of the C/C-SiC composites was ascertained.Under dry condition,C/C-SiC braking composites show superior tribological characteristics,including high coefficient of friction (0.38),good abrasive resistance (thickness loss is 1.10 μm per cycle) and steady breaking.The main wear mechanism is plastic deformation and abrasion caused by plough.Under wet condition,frictional films form on the worn surface.The coefficient of friction (0.35) could maintain mostly,and the thickness loss (0.70 μm per cycle) reduces to a certain extent.Furthermore,braking curves are steady and adhesion and oxidation are the main wear mechanisms.

Oxidation behavior of oxidation protective coatings for C/C-SiC composites at 1500 ℃

Porous carbon/carbon preforms were infiltrated with melted silicon to form C/C-SiC composites. Three-layer Si-Mo coating prepared by slurry painting and SiC/Si-Mo multilayer coating prepared by chemical vapor deposition(CVD) alternated with slurry painting were applied on C/C-SiC composites, respectively. The oxidation of three samples at 1 500 ℃ was compared. The results show that the C/C-SiC substrate is distorted quickly. Three-layer Si-Mo coating is out of service soon due to the formation of many bubbles on surface. The mass loss of coated sample is 0.76% after 1 h oxidation. The sample with SiC/Si-Mo multilayer coating gains mass even after 105 h oxidation. SiC/Si-Mo multilayer coating can provide longtime protection for C/C-SiC composites and has excellent thermal shock resistance. This is attributed to the combination of dense SiC layer and porous Si-Mo layer. Dense SiC layer plays the dual role of physical and chemical barrier, and resists the oxidation of porous Si-Mo layer. Porous Si-Mo layer improves the thermal shock resistance of the coating.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of 3D fine-woven punctured C/C composites with P_yC/SiC/TaC interphases

The 3D fine-woven punctured C/C-(PyC/SiC/TaC)composites,composed of PyC/SiC/TaC interphases and pyrocarbon (PyC)matrix,were synthesized by isothermal chemical vapor infiltration(ICVI)methods.The alternating layers and the structure of these composites were examined by polarized light microscopy(PLM),X-ray diffractometry(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).It is found that the PyC matrix has rough laminar(RL)structure,the TaC layer has NaCl-type cubic structure,and the SiC layer has few wurtzite type 10H-SiC besidesβ-SiC structure.The effects of fiber coating and the bulk density on the tensile and flexural properties of composites along X or Y and Z direction were investigated.It is shown that fiber coated 3D woven punctured C/C composites have good tensile and flexural strength,and the maximum of flexural strength is 375 MPa in X or Y direction at density of 1.89 g/cm 3 ,which is about three times higher than that of samples without TaC/SiC fiber coating.The flexural strength and bending strength increase with increasing the density of the composites.The analysis of fracture surfaces reveals that fibers and fiber bundles are pulled out in composites,indicating that the composite exhibits a non-linear failure behavior through propagation and deflection of the cracks.

Microstructure Characterization of 3D C/SiC Composites in Combustion Gas Environments

C/SiC composites prepared by chemical vapor infiltration（CVI） were subjected to a stationary loading of 160 MPa in a combustion gas environment with flame temperature of 1300 ℃.Lifetime of C/SiC composites in such environment was measured.Microstructures of the composites after the testing were also characterized by SEM.The experimental results indicate the lifetime of C/SiC composites is average 2.3 hours in combustion gas environments.The combustion gas flow accelerates the damage of carbon fibers and the failure of the composites by speeding up the diffusion of gas reactants and products,destroying the layer of SiO2 on the surface of SiC coating and bringing fused SiO2 inside the composites.The fracture face of C/SiC is uneven,i e,a flat area close to the windward side and a pulling-out of long fibers near the leeward side,which results from the directionality effect of the combustion gas flow.

C/SiC复合材料数据库及机器学习性能预测平台的设计与开发

以MySQL Workbench 8.0为数据库平台,采用三层浏览器/服务器架构,利用PyCharm 2022开发了一套基于Web界面和机器学习技术的C/SiC复合材料数据库系统,该系统包括材料数据库和机器学习模型2部分,具有对材料组分结构、制备工艺、试验性能等材料研发各阶段的信息查询、添加、修改、删除、搜索以及支持信息管理、设计分析视图、案例推理辅助设计、用户与系统管理等功能。基于神经网络回归算法训练机器学习模型,利用材料微观结构参数预测材料力学性能,对不同微观结构参数的影响权重进行评价,并部署在系统平台中;通过Web用户界面调用机器学习模型,对预留的验证集数据进行拉伸模量和弯曲模量预测。结果表明:机器学习模型预测材料力学性能的精度达到95%左右,训练出来的预测模型具有良好的精度与泛化能力。

SiC-ZrC复相超高温陶瓷改性C/C复合材料的研究进展

SiC-ZrC复相超高温陶瓷改性C/C复合材料的制备工艺原理与单一陶瓷相改性C/C复合材料的工艺原理基本相同,但SiC-ZrC复相陶瓷具有耐高温、温域宽(1600~2500℃)、抗氧化、工艺适应性好等优点,在测试和应用中表现出优异的力学性能和抗烧蚀性能,能够有效填补目前高温段热防护材料的空缺,因此已经成为C/C复合材料基体掺杂改性的重要选择,在航天飞行器防热领域极具应用潜力。本文针对C/C-SiC-ZrC复合材料的发展潜力和应用空间,从制备工艺、结构特征以及性能特点三个方面综述了C/C-SiC-ZrC复合材料当前的研究进展,分析了制备工艺对复合材料微结构和性能的影响规律,提出了基于工程应用C/C-SiC-ZrC防热材料的发展建议。

Effect of fiber characteristics on fracture behavior of C_f/SiC composites

C f/SiC composites were prepared by precursor pyrolysis hot pressing, and the effect of fiber characteristics on the fracture behavior of the composites was investigated. Because the heat treatment temperature of fiber T300 (below 1?500?℃) was much lower than that of fiber M40JB (over 2?000?℃), fiber T300 had lower degree of graphitization and consisted of more impurities compared with fiber M40JB, suggesting that T300 exhibits higher chemical activity. As a result, the composite with T300 showed a brittle fracture behavior, which is mainly ascribed to a strongly bonded fiber/matrix interface as well as the degradation of fibers during the preparation of the composite. However, the composite with M40JB exhibits a tough fracture behavior, which is primarily attributed to a weakly bonded fiber/matrix interface and higher strength retention of the fibers.

Anti-oxidation mechanism of SiC-B_4C-C composites

Mixture of green petroleum coke, B4C and SiC together with short carbon fiber were employed as starting materials, the mixture was press-formed without any binder after grinding, dense and homogeneous binderless SiC-B4C-C（carbon/ceramic） composites were then obtained after sintering. Composites thus prepared possess excellent anti-oxidation property, that is, mass loss less than 1% within the temperature range from 900 to 1100℃ for 10h. Anti-oxidation mechanism was also discussed from the viewpoint of thermodynamics, excellent anti-oxidation property of materials thus prepared can be discribed to 1) solid SiO2 formed from SiC, which restrains the filtering of oxygen and simultaneously, its volume expansion brought about by the reaction takes roles both walling up the （original） pores and making the material more compact; 2) liquid B2O3 from the reaction of B4C not only makes the combination with C, B4C and SiC tighter through forming solid solution, but also effect of reaction SiC（s）+2CO（g）=SiO2（s）+3C（s） is an expansive process, which improves the microstructure of the material.

沉积热解炭与树脂炭比例对C/C-SiC复合材料弯曲强度的影响

以针刺整体炭毡为坯体,采用树脂浸渍和化学气相沉积混合的方法制备得到相同密度的C/C多孔体,采用熔硅浸渗(RMI)制得C/C-SiC复合材料。研究了沉积热解炭与树脂炭比例对基体显微结构及弯曲性能的影响。结果表明:随着沉积得到的沉积热解炭含量增加,C/C-SiC复合材料基体内部孔隙率先降后升,而密度、弯曲强度先增后减。当沉积热解炭与树脂炭的比例为1∶1时,C/C-SiC复合材料密度与弯曲强度最高,分别达到2.03 g/cm^(3)和240 MPa。