GABA transporter 1 transcriptional starting site exhibiting tissue specific difference

GABA transporter 1(GAT1) takes important roles in multiple physiological processes through the uptake and release of GABA, but the regulation of GAT1 gene expression in different tissues is rarely known. To address the question, first, 5’ Rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE) was used to determine GAT1 transcriptional starting sites in neonatal mouse cerebral cortex and intestine, adult mouse brain and adult rat testis. The products of 5’RACE were confirmed by DNA sequencing. We found that the transcript of GAT1 in neonatal mouse cerebral cortex and adult mouse brain starts at the same site (inside of exon 1), while in mouse intestine, GAT1 starts transcription in intron 1, and in rat testis, the transcript of GAT1 has an additional untranslation exon to the 5’ direction.

Electrospraying Si/SiO_(x)/C and Sn/C nanosphere arrays on carbon cloth for high-performance flexible lithium-ion batteries

Exploring electrode materials with larger capacity,higher power density and longer cycle life was critical for developing advanced flexible lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Herein,we used a controlled two-step method including electrospraying followed with calcination treatment by CVD furnace to design novel electrodes of Si/Si_(x)/C and Sn/C microrods array consisting of nanospheres on flexible carbon cloth substrate(denoted as Si/Si_(x)/C@CC,Sn/C@CC).Microrods composed of cumulated nanospheres(the diameter was approximately 120 nm)had a mean diameter of approximately 1.5μm and a length of around 4.0μm,distributing uniformly along the entire woven carbon fibers.Both of Si/Si/Si_(x)/C@CC and Sn/C@CC products were synthesized as binder-free anodes for Li-ion battery with the features of high reversible capacity and excellent cycling.Especially Si/Six/C electrode exhibited high specific capacity of about 1750 mA∙h∙g^(−1)at 0.5 A∙g^(−1)and excellent cycling ability even after 1050 cycles with a capacity of 1388 mA∙h∙g^(−1).Highly flexible Si/Si_(x)/C@CC//LiCoO_(2)batteries based on liquid and solid electrolytes were also fabricated,exhibiting high flexibility,excellent electrical stability and potential applications in flexible wearable electronics.

Forward and reverse electron transport properties across a CdS/Si multi-interface nanoheterojunction

The electron transport behavior across the interface plays an important role in determining the performance of op- toelectronic devices based on heterojunctions. Here through growing CdS thin film on silicon nanoporous pillar array, an untraditional, nonplanar, and multi-interface CdS/Si nanoheterojunction is prepared. The current density versus voltage curve is measured and an obvious rectification effect is observed. Based on the fitting results and model analyses on the forward and reverse conduction characteristics, the electron transport mechanism under low forward bias, high forward bias, and reverse bias are attributed to the Ohmic regime, space-charge-limited current regime, and modified Poole-Frenkel regime respectively. The forward and reverse electrical behaviors are found to be highly related to the distribution of inter- facial trap states and the existence of localized electric field respectively. These results might be helpful for optimizing the preparing procedures to realize high-performance silicon-based CdS optoelectronic devices.

Composite electron transport layer for efficient N-I-P type monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells with high open-circuit voltage

Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells(PSTSCs) have exhibited huge technological potential for breaking the Shockley-Queisser limit of single-junction solar cells. The efficiency of P-I-N type PSTSCs has surpassed the single-junction limit, while the performance of N-I-P type PSTSCs is far below the theoretical value. Here, we developed a composite electron transport layer for N-I-P type monolithic PSTSCs with enhanced open-circuit voltage(VOC) and power conversion efficiency(PCE). Lithium chloride(Li Cl) was added into the tin oxide(SnO_(2)) precursor solution, which simultaneously passivated the defects and increased the electron injection driving force at the electron transfer layer(ETL)/perovskite interface.Eventually, we achieved monolithic PSTSCs with an efficiency of 25.42% and V_(OC) of 1.92 V, which is the highest PCE and VOCin N-I-P type perovskite/Si tandem devices. This work on interface engineering for improving the PCE of monolithic PSTSCs may bring a new hot point about perovskite-based tandem devices.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Multiscale SiC_p Hybrid Reinforced 6061 Aluminum Matrix Composites

The performance of solid solution aging treatment on aluminum matrix composites prepared by powder metallurgy and reinforced with 6061 aluminum alloy powder as matrix;meanwhile, nano silicon carbide particles(nm Si Cp), submicron silicon carbide particles(1 μm Si Cp) and Ti particles were studied. The Al/Si Cp composite powder was prepared by high-energy ball milling, and then cold-pressed, sintered, hotextruded, and then heat-treated with different solution temperatures and aging times for the extruded composites. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS), X-ray diffractometer(XRD) and extrusion testing were used to analyze and test the microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum matrix composites. The results show that after the multi-stage solid solution at 530 ℃×2 h+535 ℃×2 h+540 ℃×2 h, the particles are mainly equiaxed grains and uniformly distributed. There is no reinforcement agglomeration, and the surface is dense and the insoluble phase is basically dissolved. In the matrix, the strengthening effect is good, and the hardness and compressive strength are 179.43 HV and 680.42 MPa, respectively. Under this solution process, when the aluminum matrix composites are aged at 170 ℃ for 10 h, the hardness and compressive strength can reach their peaks and increase to 195.82 HV and 721.48 MPa, respectively.

Experimental Investigation of the Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity of C/SiC Composite Thin Slab

Fiber-reinforced composites possess anisotropic mechanical and heat transfer properties due to their anisotropic fibers and structure distribution.In C/Si C composites,the out-of-plane thermal conductivity has mainly been studied,whereas the in-plane thermal conductivity has received less attention due to their limited thickness.

Current transport in ZnO/Si heterostructure grown by laser molecular beam epitaxy

The n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction was fabricated by depositing high quality single crystalline aluminium-doped n-type ZnO film on p-type Si using the laser molecular beam epitaxy technique. The heterojunction exhibited a good rectifying behavior. The electrical properties of the heterojunction were investigated by means of temperature dependence current density-voltage measurements. The mechanism of the current transport was proposed based on the band structure of the heterojunction. When the applied bias V is lower than 0.15 V, the current follows the Ohmic behavior. When 0.15 V ~ V 〈 0.6 V, the transport property is dominated by diffusion or recombination in the junction space charge region, while at higher voltages （V 〉 0.6 V）, the space charge limited effect becomes the main transport mechanism. The current-voltage characteristic under illumination was also investigated. The photovoltage and the short circuit current density of the heterojunction aproached 270 mV and 2.10 mA/cm^2, respectively.

Al、O含量对SiAlCO纤维高温转化为Si(Al)C纤维过程的影响

采用不同Al含量的聚铝碳硅烷（PACS）为先驱体,通过不同的PACS纤维不熔化方法调节O引入量,制备了具有不同Al和O含量的连续Si Al CO纤维。研究了Si Al CO纤维经高温处理转变为Si（Al）C纤维过程中,Al、O含量对Si CxOy相分解、β-Si C结晶生长和微观形貌的影响。结果表明：纤维中Si CxOy相的分解温度区间为1300～1700℃,与Al、O含量基本无关;提高Al含量可减少纤维在高温下表面形成粗大Si C结晶颗粒和相互连通的气孔,并且对1700℃以上β-Si C结晶生长的抑制作用增强,有利于烧结致密化;利用纤维中O元素,以放出CO或CO2方式脱除富余C,但O含量过高导致气体逸出时产生较大孔洞,不利于烧结致密化。当Al和O含量分别约为0.6wt%和9wt%时,Si Al CO纤维经高温处理后能得到具有较大β-Si C晶粒尺寸的致密化Si（Al）C纤维。

SiC纳米线对大气等离子喷涂硅涂层性能的影响

为提升C/SiC复合材料表面Si涂层的韧性及其与C/SiC复合材料的结合强度,首先以10 mm×10 mm×10 mm的C/SiC复合材料作为基体,在基体表面生成约20μm厚的SiC纳米线(SiCnws)多孔层;再用大气等离子体喷涂法分别将生长SiCnws的基体和未生长SiCnws的基体喷涂约30、60、90μm厚的Si涂层。研究SiCnws对涂层试样的结合强度和抗氧化性的影响,并借助XRD、SEM、TEM和EDS对所制备的SiCnws和SiCnws/Si涂层进行物相组成、显微结构的分析。结果表明:1)制备的SiCnws形状平直,表面光滑,取向随机,直径为100~200 nm,是沿[111]晶向择优生长的β-SiC;2)SiCnws引入到Si涂层后,SiCnws/Si涂层试样的结合强度均比相应的Si涂层试样的高,说明SiCnws增强了Si涂层与C/SiC复合材料的结合;3)从室温至1400℃经历12次热震循环后,SiCnws/Si涂层试样的质量损失率比相应Si涂层试样的低20.7%~37.2%,说明SiCnws能有效缓解热应力,抑制裂纹的形成和扩展,降低裂纹尺寸和数量,提高涂层的抗氧化性。

Hepatitis C virus infection and insulin resistance

Approximately 170 million people worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus(HCV).Chronic HCV infection is the leading cause for the development of liver fibrosis,cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and is the primary cause for liver transplantation in the western world.Insulin resistance is one of the pathological features in patients with HCV infection and often leads to development of typeⅡdiabetes.Insulin resistance plays an important role in the development of various complications associated with HCV infection.Recent evidence indicates that HCV associated insulin resistance may result in hepatic fibrosis,steatosis,HCC and resistance to anti-viral treatment.Thus,HCV associated insulin resistance is a therapeutic target at any stage of HCV infection.HCV modulates normal cellular gene expression and interferes with the insulin signaling pathway.Various mechanisms have been proposed in regard to HCV mediated insulin resistance,involving up regulation of inflammatory cytokines,like tumor necrosis factor-α,phosphorylation of insulin-receptor substrate-1,Akt,up-regulation of gluconeogenic genes like glucose 6 phosphatase,phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2,and accumulation of lipid droplets.In this review,we summarize the available information on how HCV infection interferes with insulin signaling pathways resulting in insulin resistance.

Projected changes in summer water vapor transport over East Asia under the 1.5°C and 2.0°C global warming targets

This study investigates changes in summer water vapor transport(WVT) over East Asia under 1.5°C and 2.0°C global warming(GW) for the +4.5 and +8.5 W m-2 Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP) scenarios(RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively). Of the 27 models used, 18 show better skill in simulating the climatological summer WVT over East Asia of the present day. Of those 18, 13 reach 1.5°C and 2.0°C GW for the two RCPs. Based on these 13 models, results show that — relative to the present day-th e summer WVT is enhanced over East Asia under 1.5°C and 2.0°C GW for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The inte r-model consistency is higher under 2.0°C GW. Increased water vapor content favors the enhanced WVT over both southern and northern East Asia, while lower-level circulation contributes to the enhanced WVT over southern East Asia. Compared to 1.5°C GW, th e summer WVT under 2.0°C GW is further enhanced over most of East Asia for RCP4.5. For RCP8.5, the summer WVT is also further enhanced over southern East Asia, while this is not the case over northern East Asia. Under the additional 0.5°C GW, the changes in summer WVT, with low in ter-model consistency, are closely related to anomalous lower-level circulation. Precipitation increases over the East China Sea to southern Japan, the Korean Peninsula, and North China, for both RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. However, the changes in precipitation over the South China Sea and Northeast China are different for the two RCPs. This is connected to the difference in the changes of WVT divergence.

Transport properties of a binary mixture of CO_2-N_2 from the pair potential energy functions based on a semi-empirical inversion method

The potential energy snrface of a CO2-N2 mixture is determined by using an inversion method, together with a new collision integral correlation [J. Phys. Chem. R@ Data 19 1179 （1990）]. With the new invert potential, the transport properties of CO2-N2 mixture are presented in a temperature range front 273.15 K to 3273.15 K at low density by employing the Chapman-Enskog scheme and the Wang Chang-Uhlenbeck de Boer theory, consisting of a viscosity coefficient, a thermal conductivity coefficient, a binary diffusion coefficient, and a thermal diffusion factor. The accuracy of the predicted results is estimated to be 2% for viscosity, 5% for thermal conductivity, and 10% for binary diffusion coefficient.

Au Nanoparticle Formation from Amorphous Au/Si Multilayer

By direct observations of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), irreversible morphological transformations of as-deposited amorphous Au/Si multilayer (a-Au/a-Si) were observed on heating. The well arrayed sequence of the multilayer changed to zigzag layered structure at 478 K (=Tzig). Finally, the zigzag structure transformed to Au nanoparticles at 508 K. The distribution of the Au nanoparticles was random within the thin film. In situ X-ray diffraction during heating can clarify partial crystallization Si (c-Si) in the multilayer at 450 K (= ), which corresponds to metal induced crystallization (MIC) from amorphous Si (a-Si) accompanying by Au diffusion. On further heating, a-Au started to crystallize at around 480 K (=Tc) and gradually grew up to 3.2 nm in radius, although the volume of c-Si was almost constant. Continuous heating caused crystal Au (c-Au) melting into liquid AuSi (l-AuSi) at 600 K (= ), which was lower than bulk eutectic temperature ( ). Due to the AuSi eutectic effect, reversible phase transition between liquid and solid occurred once temperature is larger than . Proportionally to the maximum temperatures at each cycles (673, 873 and 1073 K), both and Au crystallization temperature approaches to . Using a thermodynamic theory of the nanoparticle formation in the eutectic system, the relationship between and the nanoparticle size is explained.

SiC-MoSi2-Si复合梯度涂层的制备及其抗氧化性能

为了在高温下保护C/C复合材料,分别采用包埋法在C/C复合材料表面制备了SiC涂层,采用两步包埋法在C/C复合材料表面制备了SiC-MoSi_2-Si复合梯度涂层。借助X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜,背散射及能谱等分析手段,研究了涂层的结构。在氧化炉内进行氧化实验,分析发现SiC-MoSi_2-Si复合梯度涂层由SiC内层、SiC-Si中间层和MoSi_2-Si-SiC外层构成。等温氧化测试结果表明:SiC涂层在1 773 K氧化10 h后失重0.8%,而复合涂层试样在1 773 K具有良好的抗氧化性能,在1773 K下氧化10 h后不存在氧化失重,增重0.65%。增重是由于涂层氧化生成SiO_2,吸收了氧原子的原因,并且预测随着氧化的进行,由于O2在涂层中的扩散,与基体反应,试样会表现出失重。

Influence of nano-SiC on microstructure and property of MAO coating formed on AZ91D magnesium alloy

Ceramic coating incorporated with nano-SiC was obtained on AZ91D magnesium alloy during MAO by adding nano-SiC into the silicate-aluminate-based composite electrolyte. The microstructure, thickness, phase analysis, element composition and hardness of the coatings were respectively investigated by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, film thickness meter, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, energy disperse spectroscopy（EDS） and Vickers hardness tester. The wear resistance of Mg alloy and coatings were evaluated by friction and wear apparatus, while the corrosion resistance of Mg alloy and coatings were evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS）. The results show that after adding nano-SiC into the electrolyte, both the striking voltage and final voltage decrease, the size and number of the micropore on the surface of the coating decrease, the thickness and hardness of the coating increase, both the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating raise.

Highly soluble dendritic fullerene derivatives as electron transport material for perovskite solar cells

A series of shape-persistent polyphenylene dendritic C_(60)derivatives as the electron transport materials were designed and synthesized via a catalyst-free Diels-Alder[4+2]cycloaddition reaction.These increasing hyperbranched scaffolds could effectively enhance the solubility;notably,both first and second generation dendrimers,C_(60)-G1 and C_(60)-G2,demonstrated more than 5 times higher solubilities than pristine C_(60).Furthermore,both simulated and experimental data proved their promising solution-processabilities as electron-transporting layers(ETLs)for perovskite solar cells.As a result,the planar p-i-n structural perovskite solar cell could achieve a maximum power conversion efficiency of 14.7%with C_(60)-G2.

Yolk-shell Si/C composites with multiple Si nanoparticles encapsulated into double carbon shells as lithium-ion battery anodes

The conceptual design of yolk-shell structured Si/C composites is considered to be an effective way to improve the recyclability and conductivity of Si-based anode materials. Herein, a new type of yolk-shell structured Si/C composite (denoted as TSC-PDA-B) has been intelligently designed by rational engineering and precise control. In the novel structure, the multiple Si nanoparticles with small size are successfully encapsulated into the porous carbon shells with double layers benefiting from the strong etching effect of HF. The TSC-PDA-B product prepared is evaluated as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The TSC-PDA-B product exhibits an excellent lithium storage performance with a high initial capacity of 2108 mAh g^-1 at a current density of 100 mA g^-1 and superior cycling performance of 1113 mAh g^-1 over 200 cycles. The enhancement of lithium storage performance may be attributed to the construction of hybrid structure including small Si nanoparticles, high surface area, and double carbon shells, which can not only increase electrical conductiv让y and intimate electrical contact with Si nanoparticles, but also provide built-in buffer voids for Si nanoparticles to expand freely without damaging the carbon layer. The present findings can provide some scientific insights into the design and the application of advanced Si-based anode materials in energy storage fields.

Polymorphism of Human Organic Cationic Transporter1 (C480G) in Egyptian Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients on Imatinib

Background: Human organic cationic transporter1 (Hoct1) is a plasma membrane transporter responsible for the main influx of Imatinib into chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene coding for hOCT1 are important factors causing Imatinib resistance. We investigated the frequency of hOCT1 SNP C480G among Egyptian CML patients and its relation to early molecular response as an indicator of treatment outcome. Materials and Methods: Two groups of CML patients were included in this study. Group I consisted of 25 patients responding to Imatinib treatment (Imatinib responsive) and group II consisted of 25 patients resistant to Imatinib (Imatinib resistant). Response criteria were assessed according to the NCCN (National Comprehensive Cancer Network) guidelines 2017. Twenty healthy controls of matched age and sex were also included (group III). For all patients, we studied hOCT1 C480G at initial presentation using Taqman drug metabolism genotyping as well as BCR-ABL percent at diagnosis and after 3 months interval. Results: hOCT1 C480G was present in 32% of studied CML patients. CC (wild) was detected in 68% of group I and 64% of group II. CG (mutant heterozygous) was present in 28% of group I and 36% of group II while GG (mutant homozygous) was detected in only one case in group I. CG was also detected in 15% of control subjects There was no significant difference between hOCT1 C480G polymorphism and Early Molecular Response (χ2 = 0.089, p = 0.765). Conclusions: hOCT1 C480G polymorphism has no association with Imatinib resistance in Egyptian population. However, further studies on a larger number of patients are still needed to confirm this finding.

Fe-C-Mn-Si-Al双相钢两相区加热过程中的奥氏体相变行为研究

采用Dictra软件模拟与实验验证相结合,研究了不同加热条件下铁素体+渗碳体向奥氏体的相变过程,重点分析了渗碳体溶解规律及其对奥氏体相变动力学的影响规律,借助场发射电子探针对不同加热路径下的铁素体及马氏体组织形貌及元素分布进行观测,使用透射电镜对渗碳体和残余奥氏体进行了表征。结果表明,慢速加热至740℃长时间等温与加热至780℃较短时间等温对比发现,虽然渗碳体刚溶解完全时的奥氏体分数相差不大,但在渗碳体溶解的过程中,奥氏体相变的方式不尽相同。在慢速加热条件下,铁素体晶界处为奥氏体优先形核地点;快速加热条件下,由于形核驱动力提高,铁素体晶粒内部的渗碳体处同样可以形核。740℃等温结合快速加热,获得了马氏体与残余奥氏体的“壳-核”组织结构。

EVALUATION OF COMPONENT ACTIVITIES IN THE MOLTEN C_Fe-X(X=Si,Mn,Cr,Ni)SYSTEM

Expressing the excess partial molar free energies and integral excess free energy as poly- nome of the composition,then the parameters in the expression of excess partial molar free energy of C were evaluated based on:the excess partial free energy of C in C-Fe bi- nary alloy:the integral excess free energy of Fe-X binary alloy:the C saturation curve and the iso-activity curve of C (α_c=0.025) in the ternary system.Then the activity coefficient of X was evaluated with the so-called “I-D” method,by which the component activities of every element in the whole molten ternary alloy can be evaluated,and the results are in good agreement with literature data based on experiment.