Geochemical research on C-O and Sr-Nd isotopes of mantle-derived rocks from Shandong Province, China

This paper presents systematic studies on the C-O and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions for Cretaceous Badou carbonatites, Fangcheng basalts, and Jiaodong lamprophyres and Paleozoic Mengyin kimberlites in Shandong Province, China. Paleozoic kimberlites have normal and uniform C-O isotopic compositions with δ13C and δ18O in the range of -4.8‰--7.6‰ and +9.9‰-+13.2‰, respectively. However, Cretaceous three different types of mantle-derived rocks have quite different C-O isotopic compositions, indicating that the mantle sources are probably partially contaminated with organic carbon-bearing crustal materials. These Cretaceous rocks show uniform and EMII-like Sr-Nd isotopic compositions and also indicate that the mantle sources were affected by recycled crustal materials. Comparative studies of C-O and Sr-Nd isotopes reveal that the lithospheric mantle beneath the eastern North China Craton had different isotope characteristics in the Paleozoic, the early Cretaceous, and the Tertiary time. This demonstrates that the lithospheric mantle beneath the region underwent at least twice reconstructions since the Paleozoic. Available data imply that the first reconstruction mainly happened during the Triassic-Jurassic time with gradual changes and the second in the Cretaceous with abrupt changes. Results also show that the early Cretaceous (especially at 120-130 Ma) was perhaps the key period leading to the dramatic change of the Mesozoic geodynamics on the eastern North China Craton.

Genesis of the Changba–Lijiagou Giant Pb-Zn Deposit, West Qinling, Central China: Constraints from S-Pb-C-O isotopes

The extensive Changba-Lijiagou Pb-Zn deposit is located in the north of the Xihe–Chengxian ore cluster in West Qinling. The ore bodies are mainly hosted in the marble, dolomitic marble and biotite-calcite-quartz schist of the Middle Devonian Anjiacha Formation, and are structurally controlled by the fault and anticline. The ore-forming process can be divided into three main stages, based on field geological features and mineral assemblages. The mineral assemblages of hydrothermal stage I are pale-yellow coarse grain, low Fe sphalerite, pyrite with pits, barite and biotite. The mineral assemblages of hydrothermal stage II are black-brown cryptocrystalline, high Fe shalerite, pyrite without pits, marcasite or arsenopyrite replace the pyrite with pits, K-feldspar. The features of hydrothermal stage III are calcite-quartz-sulfide vein cutting the laminated, banded ore body. Forty-two sulfur isotope analyses, twenty-five lead isotope analyses and nineteen carbon and oxygen isotope analyses were determined on sphalerite, pyrite, galena and calcite. The δ34 S values of stage I(20.3 to 29.0‰) are consistent with the δ34 S of sulfate(barite) in the stratum. Combined with geological feature, inclusion characteristics and EPMA data, we propose that TSR has played a key role in the formation of the sulfides in stage I. The δ34 S values of stage II sphalerite and pyrite(15.1 to 23.0‰) are between sulfides in the host rock, magmatic sulfur and the sulfate(barite) in the stratum. This result suggests that multiple S reservoirs were the sources for S2-in stage II. The δ34 S values of stage III(13.1 to 22‰) combined with the structure of the geological and mineral features suggest a magmatic hydrothermal origin of the mineralization. The lead isotope compositions of the sulfides have 206 Pb/204 Pb ranging from 17.9480 to 17.9782, 207 Pb/204 Pb ranging from 15.611 to 15.622, and 208 Pb/204 Pb ranging from 38.1368 to 38.1691 in the three ore-forming stages. The narrow and symmetric distributions of the lead isotope values reflect homogenization of granite and mantle sources before the Pb-Zn mineralization. The δ13 CPDB and δ18 OSMOW values of stage I range from-0.1 to 2.4‰ and from 18.8 to 21.7‰. The values and inclusion data indicate that the source of fluids in stage I was the dissolution of marine carbonate. The δ13 CPDB and δ18 OSMOW values of stage II range from-4 to 1‰ and from 12.3 to 20.3‰, suggesting multiple C-O reservoirs in the Changba deposit and the addition of mantle-source fluid to the system. The values in stage III are-3.1‰ and 19.7‰, respectively. We infer that the process of mineralization involved evaporitic salt and sedimentary organic-bearing units interacting through thermochemical sulfate reduction through the isotopic, mineralogy and inclusion evidences. Subsequently, the geology feature, mineral assemblages, EPMA data and isotopic values support the conclusion that the ore-forming hydrothermal fluids were mixed with magmatic hydrothermal fluids and forming the massive dark sphalerite, then yielding the calcite-quartz-sulfide vein ore type at the last stage. The genesis of this ore deposit was epigenetic rather than the previously-proposed sedimentary-exhalative(SEDEX) type.

Geochemistry of trace elements and Sr-Nd isotopes of foraminifera shell from the Okinawa Trough

Trace elemental associations and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions are of important to recognition of biogenic material from mixed marine sediments. The foraminifera shell from the Okinawa Trough strongly enriches Sr,P,Mn and Ba, enriches Li,U,Th,Sc,Co,Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr,Rb,Y,Sb and light rare earth elements,slightly enriches V,Ga,Zr,Nb,Cd and middle rare earth elements,is short of Mo,In,Sn,Cs,Hf,Ta,W,Ti,Bi and heavy rare earth elements. The mechanism of elemental enrichment in forminifera is the concentrations of trace elements in sea water and selective absorption of trace elements during foraminifera living, as well as the geochemical affinity between major elements and trace elements.The REE (rare earth elements)partition pattern of foraminifera shell of the Okinawa Trough shows enrichment of middle rare earth elements with slightly negative Ce anomaly,which are different from those of foraminifera of the Pacific Ocean.The Sr,Nd isotopic ratios of the Okinawa Trough foraminifera are 0 709 769 and 0 512 162,respectively, which are different not only from those of oceanic water, but also from those of river water of China's Mainland, the former is slightly higher than those of oceanic water,but much lower than those of river water;the latter is slightly lower than those of oceanic water,but higher than those of river water,demonstrating that the Okinawa Trough sea water has been influenced by river water of China's Mainland.

Late Paleozoic Mantle Source Nature of Tianshan Orogen, Northwest China: Evidence from the Geochemistry, Zircon U-Pb Dating, Hf and Whole Rock Sr-Nd-Pb Isotopes of the Mafic Dykes

The Tianshan Orogen(TO)is one of the largest typical accretionary orogenic belts in the world.Of which,the late Paleozoic was a critical era to understand the tectonic and geodynamic transition from accretion to collision.However,the late Paleozoic tectonic evolutionary history,especially for the time of the ocean-continent transition,is still debated although the origin and tectonic settings for the Paleozoic volcanic,felsic igneous magmatism in TO and reginal geology have been done in the last decades.In contrast,the researches on the mafic dykes in TO was not systematically carried out till now.Reginal-scale mafic dykes are commonly regarded as the products created in a extensional setting,and used to identify the major tectonic events such as rifting and continental break-up and further trace the mantle natures and geodynamic mechanism(Halls,1982;Bleeker and Ernst,2006;Li et al.,2008;Ernst et al.,2010;Srivastava,2011;Hou,2012;Peng,2015;Peng et al.,2019).There are widespread late Paleozoic mafic dykes beside the huge of intermediate-acid igneous rocks in the TO,being an idea object to reveal the extensional events,tectonic evolution and the mantle nature and geodynamic processes.We present the ICPMS in situ zircon U–Pb dating,Lu-Hf and whole-rock Sr-Nd isotopes as well as the geochemistry data for these mafic dykes to better constraint their petrogenesis and mantle nature.New zircon U-Pb dating for 12 samples from the representative basic dykes and basalts yield three distinct stages of^332 Ma,316–302 Ma and 288–282 Ma,respectively.In which,the first stage of mafic dykes is mainly occurred in both East Tianshan Orogen(ETO)and West Tianshan Orogen(WTO),and composed of dolerite with minor basalts.The second stage of mafic dyke also can be found in both ETO and WTO.However,in contrast to the first stage of mafic dykes,they have relatively variable rock types from the dolerite/or gabbros to gabbroic diorite.The third stage of mafic dykes are slightly intermediate in composition,and chiefly consist of andesitic-basaltic dolerite with some diorites.They are widely developed not only in both ETO and WTO,but also in the Beishan area to the east of the ETO,indicating a large-scale mafic magmatism in Tianshan and adjacent areas.

大茶园铀矿床成矿物质来源:C-O和Sr-Nd同位素证据

赣杭铀成矿带是我国最大的火山岩型铀成矿带,大茶园(661)铀矿床是该成矿带东段最重要的火山岩型铀矿床,矿体赋存于晚中生代磨石山群九里坪组流纹岩中。为探讨该铀矿床成矿物质来源,对采自大茶园铀矿床中的脉石矿物开展了系统的C-O和Sr-Nd同位素研究。结果表明,成矿流体中矿化剂∑CO2主要来源于地幔,部分来自于基底大理岩或沉积碳酸盐岩碳;成矿期后方解石碳同位素组成靠近基底大理岩或沉积碳酸盐岩组成,可能主要为壳源碳酸盐岩的贡献;成矿期流体中∑CO2以HCO3-为主,CO2去气作用为方解石沉淀形成的主要机制。成矿期不同阶段方解石与萤石的Sr、Nd同位素组成没有明显差别且变化较小,显示矿床中脉石矿物的同源性。通过与基底陈蔡群变质岩和盖层火山岩的Sr、Nd同位素组成对比发现,成矿期萤石与盖层火山岩具有类似的Sr同位素组成,表明大茶园铀矿床成矿物质以壳源为主,主要来自于赋矿火山岩,而Nd同位素进一步表明成矿物质可能来源于赋矿的流纹岩。岩石圈伸展控制着富CO2热液的形成,富CO2热液在上升过程中萃取壳源(尤其是富铀火山岩)中成矿物质,并在有利的成矿部位通过CO2去气作用导致铀沉淀成矿。

REE and C-O Isotopic Geochemistry of Calcites from the World-class Huize Pb-Zn Deposits,Yunnan,China:Implications for the Ore Genesis

The world-class Huize Pb-Zn deposits of Yunnan province,in southwestern China,located in the center of the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Pb-Zn polymetallic metallogenic province,has Pb＋Zn reserves of more than 5 million tons at Pb＋Zn grade of higher than 25%and contains abundant associated metals,such as Ag,Ge,Cd,and Ga.The deposits are hosted in the Lower Carboniferous carbonate strata and the Permian Emeishan basalts which distributed in the northern and southwestern parts of the orefield.Calcite is the only gangue mineral in the primary ores of the deposits and can be classified into three types,namely lumpy,patch and vein calcites in accordance with their occurrence.There is not intercalated contact between calcite and ore minerals and among the three types of calcite,indicating that they are the same ore-forming age with different stages and its forming sequence is from lumpy to patch to vein calcites. This paper presents the rare earth element（REE） and C-O isotopic compositions of calcites in the Huize Pb-Zn deposits.From lumpy to patch to vein calcites,REE contents decrease as LREE/ HREE ratios increase.The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the three types of calcites are characterized by LREE-rich shaped,in which the lumpy calcite shows（La）_N〈（Ce）_N〈（Pr）_N≈（Nd）_N with Eu/Eu~＊〈1,the patch calcite has（La）_N〈（Ce）_N〈（Pr）_N≈（Nd）_N with Eu/Eu~＊〉1,and the vein calcite displays（La）_N〉（Ce）_N〉（Pr）_N〉（Nd）_N with Eu/Eu~＊〉1.The REE geochemistry of the three types of calcite is different from those of the strata of various age and Permian Emeishan basalt exposed in the orefield.Theδ^（13） C_（PDb） andδ^（18）O_（Smow） values of the three types of calcites vary from-3.5‰to-2.1‰and 16.7‰to 18.6‰,respectively,falling within a small field between primary mantle and marine carbonate in theδ^（13）C_（PDb） vsδ^（18）O_（Smow） diagram. Various lines of evidence demonstrate that the three types of calcites in the deposits are produced from the same source with different stages.The ore-forming fluids of the deposits resulted from crustal -mantle mixing processes,in which the mantle-derived fluid components might be formed from degassing of mantle or/and magmatism of the Permian Emeishan basalts,and the crustal fluid was mainly provided by carbonate strata in the orefield.The ore-forming fluids in the deposits were homogenized before mineralization,and the ore-forming environment varied from relatively reducing to oxidizing.

Petrogenesis of Indosinian Granitoids in Middle-Segment of South Qinling Tectonic Belt:Constraints from Sr-Nd Isotopic Systematics

South Qinling Tectonic Belt（SQTB）is located between the Shangzhou-Danfeng and Mianxian-Lueyang sutures.There are a lot of early Mesozoic granitoid plutons in its middle segment, comprising the Dongjiangkou-Zhashui granitoid plutons at the northeast,Huayang-Wulong-Laocheng granitoid plutons at the central part,Xiba granitoid pluton at the northwest and Guangtoushan-Liuba granitoid plutons at the southwest.These Indonisian granitoids contain a mass of various scale mafic enclaves,which show sometimes clear boundaries and sometimes transitional boundaries with their host granitoids.These granitoids also exhibit metaluminous to peraluminous series,commonly higher Mg# and a wide range of petrochemistry from low-K tholeiite series,through mid-K and high-K calc-alkaline series to shoshonite series and predominated samples are attributed to mid-K and high-K calc-alkaline series.Detailed analyses in Sr-Nd isotopic systematics and petrochemistry reveal that there may be regionally initial granitoid magma of the Indonisian granitoid plutons,comprising Dongjiangkou-Zhashui,Huayang-Wulong-Laocheng,Xiba,and Guangtoushan-Liuba granitoid plutons,which were produced by hybrids of magmas in various degrees,and the initial magmas were derived from both the mantle and the lower continental crust（LCC）sources in the SQTB.The initial granitoid magma further did the magma hybrid with the magmas from the LCC,crystallization fractionation,and assimilation with upper crustal materials during their emplacement to produce these granitoid plutons in the SQTB.These magmatism processes are most likely to occur under continent marginal arc and syn-collision to post-collision tectonic backgrounds.

Geochemistry,Geochronology,Sr-Nd Isotopic Compositions of Jiang Tso Ophiolite in the Middle Segment of the Bangong- Nujiang Suture Zone and Their Geological Significance

The Jiang Tso ophiolite, situated in the middle segment of the Bangong- Nujiang Suture Zone, is a part of the easternmost Qieli Lake ophiolite subzone and is close to the south of Pung Lake ophiolite. The rock association of Jiang Tso ophiolite is relatively complete and is mainly composed of metamorphic peridotite, gabbro and diabase. Comparing with N-MORB, the ophiolite is high in Mg and low in Ti, K, Na, P, and is depleted in Nb, Ta, Hf, Th and enriched in Rb, Sr and Ba. Geochemical characteristics of the Jiang Tso ophiolite indicate it is of a supra-subduction zone type formed in the spreading ridge of back arc basin. The SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircons from the gabbro yielded a weighted average age of 188.1±4.1 Ma （MSWD=1.4）, indicating the Jiang Tso ophiolite was formed in the late stage of early Jurassic. The Sr, Nd isotopic compositions show that the Tethyan mantle domain is the depleted mantle （DM）, with enriched mantle domain II （EMII）. They have the same Sr, Nd isotopic composition with the India Ocean MORB type.

Genesis of the Nanyangtian scheelite deposit in southeastern Yunnan Province,China: evidence from mineral chemistry,fluid inclusions,and C–O isotopes

The Nanyangtian skarn-type scheelite deposit is an important part of the Laojunshan W-Sn polymetallic metallogenic region in southeastern Yunnan Province, China. The deposit comprises multiple scheelite ore bodies; multilayer skarn-type scheelite ore bodies are dominant, with a small amount of quartz vein-type ore bodies. Skarn minerals include diopside, hedenbergite, grossular, and epidote. Three mineralization stages exist： skarn, quartz- scheelite, and calcite. The homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in hydrothermal minerals that formed in different paragenetic phases were measured as follows： 221-423 ℃ （early skarn stage）, 177-260 ℃ （quartz- scheelite stage）, and 173-227 ℃ （late calcite stage）. The measured salinity of fluid inclusions ranged from 0.18% to 16.34% NaCleqv （skarn stage）, 0.35%-7.17% NaCleqv （quartz-scheelite stage）, and 0.35%-2.24% NaCleqv （late calcite vein stage）. Laser Raman spectroscopic studies on fluid inclusions in the three stages showed H2O as the main component, with N2 present in minor amounts. Minor amounts of CH4 were found in the quartz-scheelite stage. It was observed that the homogenization temperature gradu- ally reduced from the early to the late mineralization stages; moreover, δ^13CI, DB values for ore-bearing skarn in the mineralization period ranged from - 5.7%0 to - 6.9‰ and the corresponding δ^18OsMow values ranged from 5.8%0 to 9.1‰, implying that the ore-forming fluid was mainly sourced from magmatic water with a minor amount of meteoric water. Collectively, the evidence indicates thatthe formation of the Nanyangtian deposit is related to Laojunshan granitic magmatism.

Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of A-type Granites in Zhaheba in the East Junggar Region of Xinjiang,China:Evidence from Geochronology,Geochemistry and Sr-Nd Isotopic Compositions

The magma source,petrogenesis,tectonic setting and geochronology of the late Paleozoic A-type granites widely exposed in the Zhaheba area,East Junggar,have thus far not been well-constrained.A better understanding of these issues will help to reveal the magmatic processes and continental growth of Central Asia.The A-type granites in Zhaheba include the Ashutasi alkaline granites and the Yuyitasi syenogranites,which were emplaced at 321.5±4.8 Ma and 321.7±0.6 Ma,respectively.The major rock-forming minerals are orthoclase,perthite,arfvedsonite and quartz,which exhibit the following principal geochemical characteristics of A2-type granites.(1)Their REE distribution curves each exhibit a‘V’-shaped pattern and a marked depletion in Eu.They are rich in large-ion lithophile elements Rb,Th and U as well as high-field-strength elements Nb,Ta,Zr and Hf,but significantly depleted in Ba,Sr,P and Ti.(2)Their(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)i values(0.7021-0.7041),εNd(t)values(4.57-5.16)and REE distribution patterns are in basic agreement with those of the Kalamaili A-type granite belt in East Junggar.The T DM2 values of the alkaline granites and syenogranites range from 661 to 709 Ma.The A-type granites may be the products of upwelling asthenosphere-triggered partial melting of immature lower crust.The alkaline granites were late-stage products of crystallization and differentiation.Compared to the syenogranites,the alkaline granites are significantly lower in K_(2)O,Na_(2)O,Al_(2)O 3,FeO,MgO and CaO,but significantly higher in incompatible elements(e.g.,SiO_(2),Rb,and Sr).The magmatic crystallization temperatures of the syenogranites and alkaline granites are 874℃ and 819℃,respectively.As their age gradually decreases(peak ages:322 Ma and 307 Ma,respectively),there is a gradual decrease in the T_(DM2)of the A-type granites and a gradual increase in theεNd(t)value from the Ulungur belt to the Kalamaili belt in East Junggar.The study of A-type granites is therefore one of the keys to understanding the laws and mechanisms of crustal accretion during the Phanerozoic period,as well as also being of great significance for understanding the Paleozoic accretion.

Genesis of A-type Granites in the East Junggar, Xinjiang and Growth of Continental Crust——Evidence from Geochronological and Sr-Nd Isotopic Compositions

The magma source,petrogenesis,tectonic setting and its geochronology of the Late Paleozoic A-type granites,which widely exposed in Zhaheba area,East Junggar,have not been well constrained so far(Fig.1 a,b).A better understanding of above issues will help us to reveal the magmatic processes and the continental growth of Central Asia(Xiao et al.,2009).

Zircon U-Pb Chronology and Whole-rock Sr-Nd Isotope Compositions of Granite Porphyry in the Kaladaban Area of the Northern Altyn

Objective The Altyn Tagh marks the northern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and lies between the Tarim block to the north and the Qaidam block,Qilian Orogen,and Kunlun orogenic belt to the south.The Altyn Tagh region contains ophiolite,high-to ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks,and igneous rocks.Previous research has virified the occurrence of continental rifting,subduction,slab roll-back,and collision between the Tarim block and Proto-Tethys oceanic plate.Moreover,Kaladaban volcanic rocks are mainly distributed in the north Altyn region.Studies of the magmatic evolution of this region have proposed that Altyn oceanic plate was subducted during the Ordovician(Han et al.,2012;Wang et al.,2017).However,the specific timing and other aspects of the subduction are debated,and an investigation of granite porphyry in the Kaladaban area would improve our understanding of this subduction event.In this study,we present new U-Pb zircon dating result and Sr-Nd isotope composition data for granite porphyry from the North Altyn region.The objective is to constrain the timing of subduction of the North Altyn oceanic plate and establish the petrogenesis and magma source of the granite porphyry.

Mafic Dyke Records of Paleoproterozoic Mantle Plume Activity in the Karelian Craton: U-Pb Baddeleyite/Zircon Geochronology and Sr-Nd Isotopic Data

Mafic dykes preserved important information on mantle melting regimes in the early Earth history.Despite the fact that a large volume of geochronological data for mafic dykes was recently received,several important issues

Petrogenesis of high-Mg# Cenozoic volcanic rocks of southern Qiangtang area, Tibetan Plateau： geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic evidence

The Nadingcuo volcanic rock suite is the most volmninous Cenozoic volcanic suite in the southern Qiangtang area of the northern Tibetan Plateau. These high-K calc-alkaline volcanic rocks were formed between 36 and 34 Ma, characterized by high Mg# values, high concentrations of TiO2 and P205, 87Sr/S6Sr ratios of 0. 704682--0. 706 112, and aNd（t） values of - 1.2 to 1.6. There is a lack of reasonable explanations for sour- cing and origin of magmas that formed the rocks with high Mg# values and TiO2 and P2O5 enrichments, which makes the previous research results still controversial. This study reviews the geochemical characteristics of Nadingcuo volcanic rocks and the data we have newly found in our fieldwork. We give some new interpretation to the magmatic evolution of the basaltic magmas in the discussed area dominated by fractional crystallization. The geochemistry of trachyandesite and trachyte units in the studied area is indicative of formation from mantle- derived magmas that mixed with crustal materials. The high values of Mg# and TiO2 and P205 enrichment in these units are evident to show the mixing between mantle-derived magmas with -30-40 wt.% rhyolitic melt or assimilation of a similar amount of felsic rocks. The geochemistry of basaltic rocks in the area also suggests that the Nadingcuo basalts may have been derived from an ocean island basalt （OIB） -type source that contained and was mixed with ancient mantle wedge derived material, indicating that a 36-34 Ma asthenospheric upwelling e- vent in the Qiangtang area may relate to the northward subduction of Indian lithospheric mantle and the south- ward subduction of Asian lithospherie mantle. This upwelling of asthenospherie material was centered in the southern Qiangtang area between 36 and 34 Ma, while the northward movement of the Indian Craton caused this upwelling mantle flow to continuously migrate northward, resulting in the current centering of this upwelling in the Hoh Xil-Kunlun region.

Geochronology,Geochemistry,Fluid Inclusion and C,O Isotope Compositions of Calcite Veins in the Paleogene of the Jiangling Basin,South China:Implications for Fluid Evolution and Brine Potash Mineralization

Deep-seated potassium-rich brines were identified in the Jiangling Basin,South China.Although magmatichydrothermal sources have been proposed,the relationship between brine-type potash mineralization and volcanism remains unclear.In this study,U-Pb geochronology,geochemistry,fluid inclusion and C-O isotopic compositions of hydrothermal vein minerals in the Jiangling Basin are examined.Laser ablation U-Pb dating of calcite veins indicates that the ages are slightly younger than the formation age of the Balingshan basalt.Fluid inclusions in hydrothermal minerals show medium–low homogenization temperatures(160–220℃)and low salinities(0.14 to 4.9 wt%NaCl eqv.)and densities(0.882–0.944 g/cm^(3)).The liquid compositions of fluid inclusions in calcite veins from sedimentary strata have higher contents of potassium,compared with those from basalt.The coupled negativeδ^(13)CPDB(-10.3‰to-8.0‰)and positiveδ^(18)OSMOW(17.4‰to 20.7‰)values imply that calcite precipitation resulted from CO_(2)degassing of the basaltic magmatic fluids,as indicated by the gas composition of these inclusions in hydrothermal minerals.Rare earth element patterns indicate that water-rock interaction between hydrothermal fluids and sedimentary wall rocks contributed to the calcite precipitation in sedimentary strata.It is proposed that high-temperature water-rock interaction between magmatic fluids and sedimentary strata resulted in the potassium enrichment in fluids,interpreted as one of the sources of potassium-rich brines in the Jiangling Basin.

东昆仑大格勒富铌碳酸岩地球化学特征及成因初探

大格勒碳酸岩是东昆仑地区新发现的火成碳酸岩,具有重要的地质意义。本文对该碳酸岩开展了全岩主量和微量元素以及同位素研究,初步探讨其岩石成因。大格勒碳酸岩的化学组成以CaO和MgO为主,CaO含量为24.17%~30.40%,MgO含量为15.56%~18.91%,SiO_(2)含量为0.61%~6.25%,CO_(2)含量为25.09%~36.09%,其CaO/(CaO+MgO+FeO^(T)+MnO)(CCMF)在0.41~0.51之间,属于镁质碳酸岩。岩石的稀土元素总量∑REE在515~1863μg/g之间,稀土元素配分模式显示富集轻稀土元素,轻重稀土元素分异明显((La/Yb)N=284~589),无明显的Eu、Ce异常(δEu=0.89~1.23,平均1.01,δCe=0.96~1.11,平均1.05)。微量元素蛛网图显示样品明显富集Nb、Sr、Th、U、Pb、P,相对亏损Rb、K、Ti元素,Ba、Zr、Hf及HREE等元素接近原始地幔,Nb含量在126~5009μg/g之间(平均1568μg/g)。碳酸岩样品具有相对低的(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)i值(0.703718~0.703964)和低ε_(Nd)(t)值(-1.07~-0.33),δ^(13)CV-PDB值为-8.5‰~-5.7‰,δ^(18)OV-SMOW值为8.9‰~14.4‰,同位素及微量元素组成显示其具有幔源特征,并在碳酸岩形成过程中受到了热液蚀变作用,可能与东昆仑早泥盆世碰撞后伸展作用导致的软流圈地幔上涌有关。

Early Cretaceous to Middle Eocene Magmatic Evolution of Eastern Pontides:Zircon U-Pb Ages and Hf Isotopes,and Geochemical and Sr-Nd Isotopic Constraints from Multiphase Granitoids,NE Turkey

The Eastern Pontides orogenic belt(EPOB)represents a significant segment of the AlpineHimalayan orogenic belt that evolved from the Paleozoic to Cenozoic periods.Here we report new zircon U-Pb ages,together with Lu-Hf isotopes,and whole-rock geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic analyses of plutonic rocks from EPOB,northeastern Turkey.Our aim is to interpret magmatic evolution in which the granitoids formed.Zircon U-Pb dating of six samples yielded crystallization ages of~134,~82,~39 Ma,respectively.They show a wide range of87Sr/86Sr((i))(0.7039–0.7109),andεNd(t)values varying from-9 to+4.6,yielding model ages(TDM)from 520 to 1623 Ma,suggesting a heterogeneous magma source.Dated zircons show exlusively positiveεHf(t)values(+12.4 to+1.4),yielding model ages(TDM)from 352 to 1059 Ma,implying that they are most likely derived from a juvenile lower crust rather than the mature continental crust.In this study,we suggested that the northward subduction of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic slab began from the Early Cretaceous and resulted in the Late Cretaceous magmatism.Moreover,the Middle Eocene magmatism in the EPOB was related to the collision of the Anatolide Taurid Platform(ATP)with the Pontides.

Geochronology and Ore Genesis of the Niujuan-Yingfang Pb-Zn-Ag Deposit in Fengning,Northern North China Craton:Constraints from Fluid Inclusions,H-O-S Isotopes and Fluorite Sr-Nd Isotopes

The Niujuan-Yingfang Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in northern North China Craton(NCC)is hosted at the contact zone between Permian biotite monzogranite and Hongqiyingzi Group migmatitic gneiss.The orebodies are structurally controlled by NE-trending F1 fault.Mineralization can be divided into three stages:(1)siliceous-chlorite-pyrite stage,(2)quartz-Ag-base metal stage,and(3)fluorite-calcite stage.Four types of fluid inclusions were identified,including:(1)liquid-rich aqueous inclusions,(2)vapor-rich inclusions,(3)liquid-rich,solid-bearing inclusions,and(4)CO2-bearing inclusions.Mi-crothermometric measurements reveal that from stage I to III,the homogenization temperatures range from 317 to 262℃,from 297 to 192℃,and from 248 to 151℃,respectively,and the fluid salinities are in the ranges from 1.1 wt.%to 6.5 wt.%,1.2 wt.%to 6.0 wt.%and 0.7 wt.%to 4.0 wt.%NaCl equiva-lents,respectively.Fluid boiling and cooling are the two important mechanisms for ore precipitation according to microthermometric data,and fluid-rock interaction is also indispensable.Laser Raman spectroscopic analyses indicate the fluid system of the deposit is composed of CO2-NaCl-H2O±N2.Me-tallogenic fluorites yielded a Sm-Nd isochron age of 158±35 Ma.Theδ34SV-CDt values of sulfides range from-1.3‰ to 6.3‰,suggesting that the sulfur may be inherited from the basement metamorphic ig-neous rocks.Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of quartz indicate a metamorphic origin for the ore-forming fluid,and the proportion of meteoric water increased during the ore-forming processes.Sr-Nd isotopes of fluorites show a crustal source for the ore-forming fluid,with primary metamorphic fluid mixed with meteoric water during ascent to lower crustal levels.Combined with the geological,metallogenic epoch,fluid inclusions,H-O-S and Sr-Nd isotopes characteristics of the deposit,we suggest that the Niujuan-Yingfang deposit belongs to the medium-low temperature hydrothermal vein-type Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic deposit,with ore-forming fluids dominantly originated from metamorphic fluids.

Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of the Changjiang sediments: Implications for tracing sediment sources

The suspended particulate and fine-grained floodplain sediments were collected from the main stream and tributaries of the Changjiang River for Sr-Nd isotopic measurements. The εNd(0) values gradually decrease downstream from -10.8 on average in the upper reaches to -12.3 in the lower reaches, whereas the 87Sr/86Sr ratios increase correspondingly, averaging 0.721899 and 0.725826 respectively in the upper and middle-lower reaches. The compositional variations primarily reflect the complex con- trols of provenance rocks, chemical weathering, and sediment characters between different catchments, among which the abnormal Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of the Yalong, Fujiang, Tuojiang and Yuanjiang rivers indicate the sediment provenance contributions from the Emeishan Basalt in the upper reaches and the old metamorphic and siliceous rocks in the middle-lower reaches. The Sr-Nd isotopic ratios of the Changjiang sediments can better reflect the average composition of weathered continental crust compared to other major rivers in the world because of the unique source rock types in the Changjiang drainage basin. The recognition of the Sr-Nd isotopic systematics of the Changjiang sediments will contribute to our understanding of the Changjiang evolution history and continental weathering processes during the Cenozoic, and also to reconstructing the paleoenvironmental changes in East China and the marginal seas.

Eclogites from the Northern Dabie Mountains, eastern China: Geochemical characteristics, Sr-Nd isotopic compositions and tectonic implications

The petrologic geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of the eclogites from the mafic-ultramafic rock belt (MUMRB) in the Northern Dabie Mountains indicate that: (1) the protoliths of most of eclogites are tholeiitic basalt and a few may be gabbro, and most of them produced from the Yangtze subducted continental crust (lower crust and formed during the deep subduction) and a part may be from paleo-oceanic relics between the Yangtze and North China continental plates; (2) their positive Nb anomalies and related trace element characteristics show that they did not form in the island-arc setting; (3) the metamorphosed MUMRB with eclogite and meta-peridotite blocks along the southern part of the Mozitan-Xiaotian fault zone may represent the suture zone produced during the collision between the Yangtze and North China continental plates, which included the Yangtze subducted continental crust and paleo-oceanic relics.