Numerical simulation of dynamic fracture properties of rocks under different static stress conditions

When underground cavities are subjected to explosive stress waves,a uniquely damaged zone may appear due to the combined effect of dynamic loading and static pre-load stress.In this study,a rate-dependent two-dimensional rock dynamic constitutive model was established to investigate the dynamic fractures of rocks under different static stress conditions.The effects of the loading rate and peak amplitude of the blasting wave under different confining pressures and the vertical compressive coefficient(K_(0))were considered.The numerical simulated results reproduced the initiation and further propagation of primary radial crack fractures,which were in agreement with the experimental results.The dynamic loading rate,peak amplitude,static vertical compressive coefficient(K_(0))and confining pressure affected the evolution of fractures around the borehole.The heterogeneity parameter(m)plays an important role in the evolution of fractures around the borehole.The crack propagation path became more discontinuous and rougher in a smallerheterogeneity parameter case.

STATIC CORRECTION MODES IN DYNAMICAL SIMULATION OF FLEXIBLE MULTIBODY SYSTEM WITH CLOSED LOOPS

By use of the recursive formulation of flexible multibody system with closed loops,this paper studies the dynamic simulation of complicated multibody system.The conception of static correction modes in structural dynamics is introduced to present the local deformation effects due to reaction forces at kinematic joints.A space four bar mechanism is utilized here as an example to describe the method of selecting static correction modes.Compared with vibration normal modes, static correction modes are demonstrated to be effective in numerical simulation.

Effective loading algorithm associated with explicit dynamic relaxation method for simulating static problems

Based on the fact that a static problem has an equivalent wave speed of infinity and a dynamic problem has a wave speed of finite value, an effective loading algorithm associated with the explicit dynamic relaxation method was presented to produce meaningful numerical solutions for static problems. The central part of the explicit dynamic relaxation method is to turn a time-independent static problem into an artificial time-dependent dynamic problem. The related numerical testing results demonstrate that: (1) the proposed effective loading algorithm is capable of enabling an applied load in a static problem to be propagated throughout the whole system within a given loading increment, so that the time-independent solution of the static problem can be obtained; (2) the proposed effective loading algorithm can be straightforwardly applied to the particle simulation method for solving a wide range of static problems.

Static and dynamic finite element analysis of 304 stainless steel rod and wire hot continuous rolling process

Three-dimensional finite element models were developed to analyze 304 stainless steel rod and wire hot continuous rolling process with the help of MSC.Marc software. The entire 30-pass deformation process and the actual parameters of production line were taken into account. Static and dynamic procedures were used to study the continuous rolling process with the aid of the thermo-mechanical coupled FEM of elastic-plasticity. The properties of billets, such as deformation, temperature field and rolling force, were mainly discussed. The simulation results of temperature agree well with the measured values. Comparisons of the analysis results obtained using static implicit method and dynamic implicit method were presented. It is shown that static implicit procedure is more accurate than dynamic implicit procedure and is able to simulate the rolling process with a lower speed, such as a roughing mill. Whereas, dynamic analysis shows a higher efficiency than static analysis and is fit for simulating the rolling process with a higher speed, such as a finishing mill.

Saturated sodium chloride solution under an external static electric field: A molecular dynamics study

The behavior of saturated aqueous Na Cl solutions under a constant external electric field（E） was studied by molecular dynamics（MD） simulation. Our dynamic MD simulations indicated that the irreversible nucleation process towards crystallization is accelerated by a moderate E but retarded or even prohibited under a stronger E, which can be understood by the competition between self-diffusion and drift motion. The former increases with E, thereby accelerating the nucleation process, whereas the latter pulls oppositely charged ions apart under a stronger E, thereby decelerating nucleation.Additionally, our steady-state MD simulations indicated that a first-order phase transition occurs in saturated solutions at a certain threshold Ec. The magnitude of Ec increases with concentration because larger clusters form more easily when the solution is more concentrated and require a stronger E to dissociate.

Novel Models and Algorithms of Load Balancing for Variable-structured Collaborative Simulation under HLA/RTI

High level architecture(HLA) is the open standard in the collaborative simulation field. Scholars have been paying close attention to theoretical research on and engineering applications of collaborative simulation based on HLA/RTI, which extends HLA in various aspects like functionality and efficiency. However, related study on the load balancing problem of HLA collaborative simulation is insufficient. Without load balancing, collaborative simulation under HLA/RTI may encounter performance reduction or even fatal errors. In this paper, load balancing is further divided into static problems and dynamic problems. A multi-objective model is established and the randomness of model parameters is taken into consideration for static load balancing, which makes the model more credible. The Monte Carlo based optimization algorithm(MCOA) is excogitated to gain static load balance. For dynamic load balancing, a new type of dynamic load balancing problem is put forward with regards to the variable-structured collaborative simulation under HLA/RTI. In order to minimize the influence against the running collaborative simulation, the ordinal optimization based algorithm(OOA) is devised to shorten the optimization time. Furthermore, the two algorithms are adopted in simulation experiments of different scenarios, which demonstrate their effectiveness and efficiency. An engineering experiment about collaborative simulation under HLA/RTI of high speed electricity multiple units(EMU) is also conducted to indentify credibility of the proposed models and supportive utility of MCOA and OOA to practical engineering systems. The proposed research ensures compatibility of traditional HLA, enhances the ability for assigning simulation loads onto computing units both statically and dynamically, improves the performance of collaborative simulation system and makes full use of the hardware resources.

Simulation and control strategy for the variational influent of WWTP

With the development of activated sludge model, the simulation software for the design and operation of wastewater treatment plant （WWTP） was produced and has been widely used. The dynamic change of the quality and flow of influent are major factors causing the unstable operation of wastewater treatment process. As a basic model, ASMI model was used for the simulation of activated sludge process, and double exponential model was selected for the simulation of secondary sedimentation tank. The influences of influent change to the aeration tank and secondary sedimentation tank were investigated, and the relationship among influent change, the quality of effluent and the level of sludge blanket in secondary sedimentation tank was established. On the basis of the simulation results, the operation of the WWTP could be adjusted under the dynamic change of the influent. Furthermore, the controlling strategy combined the feed-forward on the influent flow and the feedback on the level of sludge blanket in the secondary sedimentation tank was studied.

静态应力扰动对走滑断层阶区附近地震破裂传播影响的二维数值模拟

动态破裂在走滑断裂带上阶区附近的传播能力控制了地震破裂的可能规模,而非均匀应力场对动态破裂的传播有显著影响。在本研究中,我们通过整合动态破裂模型和静态应力扰动模型,构建了走滑断层上的非均匀应力场,对走滑断层阶区附近前次动态破裂所产生的静态应力扰动对后续破裂传播行为的影响进行了二维动态破裂模型研究。模拟结果表明,当考虑到走滑断层上的地震复发行为时,即使前序地震破裂传播被阶区所阻挡,其所产生的静态应力扰动也可显著提升下次地震跨该阶区传播的能力。另外,不同的初始均匀应力使得动态破裂能够跨大致相同宽度的阶区传播。较大的应力降或者较小的断层强度比(S)能够使得动态破裂在相对较宽的阶区上传播。因此,在研究走滑断裂带不同分段的级联破裂模式时,需要考虑前序地震所造成的静态应力扰动影响。

基于不同加工工艺的微孔节流空气静压轴承的特性研究

随着超精密加工技术和地面微低重力仿真的发展,相关产业对空气静压轴承的性能要求越来越高。由于传统的孔式节流器其结构特点不能完全满足实际使用的需要,节流孔直径与气膜间隙同一数量级的微孔节流空气静压轴承因其良好的刚度和承载特性,越来越受到关注。但在微孔节流器的发展过程中,微孔的加工工艺却限制了其推广应用。针对目前常用的三类微孔加工工艺,进行了理论仿真研究,通过建立不同加工工艺轴承仿真模型,运用双向流固耦合仿真方法,对比分析了基于不同加工工艺的微孔节流空气静压轴承的动静态特性。研究结果表明:锥孔类轴承承载性能优于其他两类,但耗气量大且在小间隙时刚度较差;薄壁直孔类轴承承载性能稍逊,但在大间隙下轴承刚度较佳;嵌套类轴承承载性能较差,但在小间隙下轴承刚度较大且耗气量较低。

变区段煤柱工作面诱冲机理及防治技术研究

针对某矿变区段煤柱工作面开采冲击危险性较高的问题,运用数值模拟方法对工作面采掘过程中煤柱区域垂直应力分布规律进行研究,分析了不同宽度区段煤柱应力积聚特征,揭示了变区段煤柱工作面诱冲机理,并制定了“近场-远场”协同卸压方案。研究结果表明,较宽的区段煤柱(30 m和55 m)受采空区侧向支承压力和超前支承压力影响,煤柱应力集中程度较高;受“近场高静载+远场动载”叠加影响,变区段煤柱工作面回采期间易诱发冲击地压;采取近场高承压煤体强卸压+远场高位坚硬顶板超前预裂断顶卸压协同控制方案后,微震能量事件始终维持在104J以下,表明控制方案能够有效降低工作面采掘期间的冲击危险性。

数字电路芯片验证方法研究综述

目前验证的方法和工具种类繁多,对动态验证、静态验证和硬件加速仿真三种典型的芯片验证方法进行综述,在验证设计质量、验证时间和验证成本三个方面说明各自的特点。最后提出了芯片验证的展望。对于芯片验证方法的研究,以期对后续研究人员了解芯片验证方法,在今后的芯片验证设计过程中结合设计特点,选择正确的验证方法有所帮助。

基础加固施工对重载铁路桥梁静动力性能影响研究

铁路桥梁墩台基础加固施工会改变桥墩约束状态,影响结构稳定和列车运营安全。以某重载铁路轻型桥墩基础加固工程为背景,采用数值模拟和试验测试手段,研究各关键施工环节对桥墩和桥跨结构稳定性、刚度和振动响应的影响规律。研究结果表明,基础加固施工分为钻孔桩施工、基础侧土体开挖、基础混凝土浇筑、墩身连接等4个关键施工步骤,其中土体开挖会导致桥墩稳定性和横向刚度降低,随开挖深度增加,两者均逐渐降低,而混凝土浇筑则引起桥墩刚度和稳定性逐渐增加,桥墩横向连接加固则引起墩身刚度显著增大,增幅达到32%;整个施工阶段中,土体开挖引起桥梁结构振动响应显著增大,其他加固环节对桥梁振动响应不明显;施工过程中,列车轴重、速度、桥墩高度是影响桥梁动力响应的最敏感因素,随列车轴重和速度以及桥墩高度增加,桥梁动力响应增大明显。

面向电磁水声换能器的高静低动型悬架动力学研究

针对目前线性悬架无法兼顾电磁水声换能器降低谐振频率与承载较大静水压力的难题,设计引入了高静低动型悬架装置,并分析其对换能器声辐射性能的影响。建立了系统动力学模型和动态特性微分方程组,仿真分析了引入非线性刚度前后换能器系统声源级及谐振频率的变化。研究了输入电压对不同系统谐振频率的影响,探究了不同高静低动系统之间的差异。通过锤击试验测得引入高静低动刚度前后悬架的固有频率和加速度导纳。研究结果表明:相较于原线性悬架,高静低动型悬架在承受相同负载时具备更低的固有频率,低频段内具有更高的加速度。在电磁换能器中引入具有高静低动刚度特性的悬架装置可以获得比原系统更低的谐振频率,使低频区域内的声源级得到提升。

基于simulink拖拉机整体式HST电-液模拟特性分析

结合某园艺作业拖拉机液压机械无级变速传动系统开发项目,研究了整体式静液压传动单元HST(HydroStatic Transmission)工作原理,引入了负荷传感控制变量调节方法,通过核心元件特性分析得出整体式HST输出特性曲线。以simulink为工具搭建了系统模型,从结构参数入手,以变量泵斜盘倾角变化引起的效率响应变化为例分析了关键参数对HST系统动态性能的影响。研究结果表明研究HST静动态特性与结构参数之间关系利于改善HST性能,静液传动系统静动态特性分析为拖拉机发动机转速与HST系统的联合控制提供了理论依据。

基于静态和动态混合分析的内存拷贝类函数识别

缓冲区溢出等内存错误漏洞的产生往往来自对内存拷贝类函数的不当使用.对二进制程序中的内存拷贝类函数进行识别有利于发现内存错误漏洞.目前针对二进制程序中内存拷贝类函数的识别方法主要借助静态分析来提取函数的特征、控制流、数据流等信息进行识别,具有较高的误报率和漏报率.为了提高对内存拷贝类函数识别的效果,提出一种基于静态和动态混合分析的技术CPSeeker.所提方法结合静态分析和动态分析各自的优势,分阶段对函数的全局静态信息和局部执行信息进行搜集,对提取到的信息进行融合分析,进而识别二进制程序中的内存拷贝类函数.实验结果表明,尽管CPSeeker在运行时间上有所增加,但在内存拷贝类函数识别的效果上,其F1值达到了0.96,远优于最新的工作BootStomp、SaTC、CPYFinder以及Gemini,并且不受编译环境(编译器版本、编译器种类、编译器优化等级)的影响.此外,CPSeeker在真实的固件测试中也有更好的表现.

基于流体域仿真的高速风机气浮箔片轴承动静特性研究

气浮轴承特性对高速风机转子稳定性有显著影响,气浮轴承的静特性与动特性计算是准确获得转子系统失稳转速的基础。通过建立气浮轴承物理模型,以及对应的流体域模型,设定气浮轴承工作状况下的参数,模拟其在工作状况下的流体域分布情况,调整轴心位置,找到标准工作状况下的轴心位置,实现气浮轴承的静特性计算。在静特性计算的结果的基础上,赋予轴颈同频的扰动,模拟流体域分布情况,得到在给定扰动情况下轴颈的受力情况,根据力的变化求解得到气浮轴承对应的刚度系数与阻尼系数,实现气浮轴承动特性的计算。结果表明:随着转速的不断提升,稳定时的轴心位置会逐渐向气浮箔片轴承的圆心靠近;在一定的工作转速范围内,轴承的直接刚度系数随着转速的提升而下降,直接阻尼系数则在工作转速范围内下降到达低值后上升。分析气浮轴承的特性系数与转速之间的变化规律,可为开展转子系统动力学研究提供理论基础。

同心驱水力振荡器阀盘优化设计

大位移井和水平井的井斜角过大会使钻柱和井壁之间产生较大的摩阻,导致钻进速度降低,使用水力振荡器是解决上述问题的有效方法之一。为此,设计了一种同心驱水力振荡器,并对其阀盘系统的冲蚀情况进行仿真分析。仿真分析结果表明:动、静阀盘的交界处受到钻井液的冲蚀磨损,特别是动、静阀盘相对转角为25°时受到的冲蚀磨损最为严重。对动、静阀盘进行结构优化和模拟试验,从模拟结果可以看出,当动、静阀盘的倒角同为20°时,最大冲蚀率最小,优化效果最好。对优化后的同心驱水力振荡器进行现场试验,试验结果表明:同心驱水力振荡器能大幅提高钻井效率,相同条件下较常规水力振荡器的平均机械钻速提高33.62%,工具平均使用寿命延长27.46%。所得结论可为水力振荡器的设计与优化提供参考。

卫星主承力板点阵式结构设计与力学分析

为了达成卫星主承力板在轻量化及刚度性能上的设计要求,并有效降低板载单机的动力学响应,将点阵结构引入卫星承力板的设计当中。首先,介绍了点阵结构的胞元构成,并得出采用点阵结构填充的卫星主承力板,在保持相同外观尺寸的前提下,相较于传统蜂窝夹芯结构板,质量减轻了35%左右,满足了卫星轻量化设计的需求。随后,建立了单个胞元的相对密度、平压刚度、平压强度和剪切刚度的理论数学模型,并通过仿真分析验证了模型的准确性。解释了动力学分析的基本原理和优化方法,并基于模态分析结果,对所设计的主承力结构板进行简谐振动和随机振动响应分析。结果表明:主承力板的结构刚度分布均匀,对激励具有良好的响应,各项动力学性能指标满足要求。

静动载条件下深部破碎巷道支护设计及稳定性分析

深部破碎围岩稳定性控制是制约深部金属矿安全高效开采的难题之一。以金川二矿区深部某中段破碎围岩条件下的采准巷道稳定性控制为工程背景,应用Q、RMR、GSI进行岩体质量分级与岩体力学参数估算,分别应用经验法和工程类比法进行采准巷道支护设计,并依据收敛约束法确定合理的释能支护时机。在此基础上,应用UNWEDGE软件对释能支护设计进行安全性评价,并通过RS2数值方法分析支护效果。研究结果表明:对于深部破碎采准巷道一次支护采用锚网喷支护,二次支护采用混凝土衬砌,最佳衬砌支护时机应满足巷道帮位移小于38 mm且顶板位移小于15 mm;静动载下有无支护数值分析结果表明,锚网喷支护满足巷道安全要求,同时对采准巷道围岩结构控制型、应力控制型破坏以及动力失稳破坏等起到良好的控制效果。研究结果为金川二矿区深部破碎采准巷道围岩稳定性控制提供了理论依据与技术支撑。

静动载作用下巷道底板突水过程及关键致灾因素模拟

针对静动载联合作用下巷道底板突水问题,结合工程实例采用数值模拟软件FLAC^(3D)构建模型,从应力场、位移场及破坏区共同耦合作用角度出发,分析了动静载叠加作用下的底板突水通道形成过程及作用机制,探讨了关键致灾因素对巷道底板突水的作用程度。研究结果表明:静载与动载应力场叠加,导致底板应力集中程度和范围在深度方向扩大;巷道底板受动载作用后破坏深度和范围加大,有效隔水层厚度减少,底板突水的风险性增加;巷道底板突水通道的形成主要与动载幅值、持时及承压水水压有关,其中动载幅值对突水作用程度较大,当动载幅值超过临界值时,巷道底板破坏深度显著增加;持时的增大使得动载作用的时间特征减弱,更加接近于静载作用,巷道底板发生拉伸破坏的可能性降低;承压水水压的增大,使得作用在巷道底板下岩层的有效应力减小,岩体强度降低,底板破坏深度增加。采用单因素分析法对比发现,各致灾因素对底板突水的影响程度依次为:动载幅值>动载持时>承压水水压。