Neuroinflammation is a major pathophysiological factor that results in the development of brain injury after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.Downregulation of microRNA(miR)-455-5p after ischemic stroke has been consider...Neuroinflammation is a major pathophysiological factor that results in the development of brain injury after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.Downregulation of microRNA(miR)-455-5p after ischemic stroke has been considered a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for neuronal injury after ischemia.However,the role of miR-455-5p in the post-ischemia/reperfusion inflammatory response and the underlying mechanism have not been evaluated.In this study,mouse models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury were established by transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 1 hour followed by reperfusion.Agomir-455-5p,antagomir-455-5p,and their negative controls were injected intracerebroventricularly 2 hours before or 0 and 1 hour after middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO).The results showed that cerebral ischemia/reperfusion decreased miR-455-5p expression in the brain tissue and the peripheral blood.Agomir-455-5p pretreatment increased miR-455-5p expression in the brain tissue,reduced the cerebral infarct volume,and improved neurological function.Furthermore,primary cultured microglia were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation for 3 hours followed by 21 hours of reoxygenation to mimic cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.miR-455-5p reduced C-C chemokine receptor type 5 mRNA and protein levels,inhibited microglia activation,and reduced the production of the inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin-1β.These results suggest that miR-455-5p is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and that it alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting C-C chemokine receptor type 5 expression and reducing the neuroinflammatory response.展开更多
Neuroinflammation and the NACHT,LRR,and PYD domains-containing protein 3 inflammasome play crucial roles in secondary tissue damage following an initial insult in patients with traumatic brain injury(TBI).Maraviroc,a ...Neuroinflammation and the NACHT,LRR,and PYD domains-containing protein 3 inflammasome play crucial roles in secondary tissue damage following an initial insult in patients with traumatic brain injury(TBI).Maraviroc,a C-C chemokine receptor type 5 antagonist,has been viewed as a new therapeutic strategy for many neuroinflammatory diseases.We studied the effect of maraviroc on TBI-induced neuroinflammation.A moderate-TBI mouse model was subjected to a controlled cortical impact device.Maraviroc or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally 1 hour after TBI and then once per day for 3 consecutive days.Western blot,immunohistochemistry,and TUNEL(terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling)analyses were performed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of maraviroc at 3 days post-TBI.Our results suggest that maraviroc administration reduced NACHT,LRR,and PYD domains-containing protein 3 inflammasome activation,modulated microglial polarization from M1 to M2,decreased neutrophil and macrophage infiltration,and inhibited the release of inflammatory factors after TBI.Moreover,maraviroc treatment decreased the activation of neurotoxic reactive astrocytes,which,in turn,exacerbated neuronal cell death.Additionally,we confirmed the neuroprotective effect of maraviroc using the modified neurological severity score,rotarod test,Morris water maze test,and lesion volume measurements.In summary,our findings indicate that maraviroc might be a desirable pharmacotherapeutic strategy for TBI,and C-C chemokine receptor type 5 might be a promising pharmacotherapeutic target to improve recovery after TBI.展开更多
The existence of cancer stem cells has been wellestablished in acute myeloid leukemia. Initial proof of the existence of leukemia stem cells(LSCs) was accomplished by functional studies in xenograft models making use ...The existence of cancer stem cells has been wellestablished in acute myeloid leukemia. Initial proof of the existence of leukemia stem cells(LSCs) was accomplished by functional studies in xenograft models making use of the key features shared with normal hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs) such as the capacity of self-renewal and the ability to initiate and sustain growth of progenitors in vivo. Significant progress has also been made in identifying the phenotype and signaling pathways specific for LSCs. Therapeutically, a multitude of drugs targeting LSCs are in different phases of preclinical and clinical development. This review focuses on recent discoveries which have advanced our understanding of LSC biology and provided rational targets for development of novel therapeutic agents. One of the major challenges is how to target the selfrenewal pathways of LSCs without affecting normal HSCs significantly therefore providing an acceptable therapeutic window. Important issues pertinent to the successful design and conduct of clinical trials evaluating drugs targeting LSCs will be discussed as well.展开更多
A correct antibody response requires the participation of both B and T lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells. In this review we address the role of follicular helper T lymphocytes(T FH) in this reaction. We shall f...A correct antibody response requires the participation of both B and T lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells. In this review we address the role of follicular helper T lymphocytes(T FH) in this reaction. We shall focus on the regulation of their development and function in health and disease. T FH can be characterized on the basis of their phenotype and the pattern of secretion of cytokines. This fact is useful to study their participation in the generation of antibody deficiency in primary immunodeficiency diseases such as common variable immunodeficiency, X-linked hyper Ig M syndrome orX-linked lymphoproliferative disease. Increased numbers of T FH have been demonstrated in several autoimmune diseases and are thought to play a role in the development of autoantibodies. In chronic viral infections caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B or C virus, increased circulating T FH have been observed, but their role in the protective immune response to these agents is under discussion. Likewise, an important role of T FH in the control of some experimental protozoan infections has been proposed, and it will be important to assess their relevance in order to design effective vaccination strategies.展开更多
目的:以C-C趋化因子受体5(C-C chemokine receptor type 5,CCR5)为靶点,利用计算机辅助药物设计技术中的虚拟筛选技术、体外抗病毒活性实验、细胞毒性测试以及分子动力学实验筛选出低毒性、高抗艾滋病病毒(HIV)活性的中药化合物抑制剂,...目的:以C-C趋化因子受体5(C-C chemokine receptor type 5,CCR5)为靶点,利用计算机辅助药物设计技术中的虚拟筛选技术、体外抗病毒活性实验、细胞毒性测试以及分子动力学实验筛选出低毒性、高抗艾滋病病毒(HIV)活性的中药化合物抑制剂,并探究其内在结合机制。方法:接受者操作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)评估Ledock、AutoDock Vina对接软件对于CCR5结构灵敏性,选择适合CCR5抑制剂筛选的对接软件,运用多级筛选的策略对中药系统药理数据库和分析平台(Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform,TCMSP)中的中药化合物进行筛选。利用荧光素酶报告基因的表达检测中药化合物的抗HIV活性,细胞毒性实验测试中药化合物对MAGI-CCR5、L02细胞毒性,分子动力学实验验证中药化合物与CCR5的结合作用。结果:ROC曲线确定了分子对接软件(Ledock,AUC=0.899),虚拟筛选得到8种潜在拮抗CCR5的中药天然小分子;抗HIV活性实验及细胞毒性测试获得2个低毒性、高抗HIV活性中药化合物MT[IC50,(21.79±4.12)μmol·L^(-1);CC50MAGI-CCR5,(170.20±7.75)μmol·L^(-1);CC50L02,(108.04±11.64)μmol·L^(-1)]及FY[IC50,(6.69±1.40)μmol·L^(-1);CC50MAGI-CCR5,(97.82±10.57)μmol·L^(-1);CC50L02,(114.70±10.40)μmol·L^(-1)]。分子动力学实验表明,MT-CCR5、FY-CCR5体系均方根偏差(root mean square deviation,RMSD)值均较小,平均分别为2.77?、2.18?,表明两化合物可与CCR5紧密结合,两者与CCR5结合的主要作用力包括氢键(结合氢键平均个数分别为5.19和4.65个)、范德华力(MTΔEvdw=-232.04±3.45 kJ·mol^(-1),FYΔEvdw=-193.66±0.56 kJ·mol^(-1))及非极性相互作用(MTΔEvdw±ΔGnonpolar=-255.73±4.03 kJ·mol^(-1),FYΔEvdw±ΔGnonpolar=-222.39±0.60 kJ·mol^(-1))。结论:中药化合物MT和FY可与CCR5结合从而具有一定的抗HIV活性,可作为先导抗病毒中药化合物进行下一步结构改造。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82071283(to QH)and 81671130(to QH)Medical Engineering Cross Research Foundation of Shanghai Jiao Tong University of China,No.YG2017MS83(to QH)from Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission Medical Guidance Science and Technology Support Project of China,No.19411968400(to QYM).
文摘Neuroinflammation is a major pathophysiological factor that results in the development of brain injury after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.Downregulation of microRNA(miR)-455-5p after ischemic stroke has been considered a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for neuronal injury after ischemia.However,the role of miR-455-5p in the post-ischemia/reperfusion inflammatory response and the underlying mechanism have not been evaluated.In this study,mouse models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury were established by transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 1 hour followed by reperfusion.Agomir-455-5p,antagomir-455-5p,and their negative controls were injected intracerebroventricularly 2 hours before or 0 and 1 hour after middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO).The results showed that cerebral ischemia/reperfusion decreased miR-455-5p expression in the brain tissue and the peripheral blood.Agomir-455-5p pretreatment increased miR-455-5p expression in the brain tissue,reduced the cerebral infarct volume,and improved neurological function.Furthermore,primary cultured microglia were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation for 3 hours followed by 21 hours of reoxygenation to mimic cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.miR-455-5p reduced C-C chemokine receptor type 5 mRNA and protein levels,inhibited microglia activation,and reduced the production of the inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin-1β.These results suggest that miR-455-5p is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and that it alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting C-C chemokine receptor type 5 expression and reducing the neuroinflammatory response.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 81930031 (to JNZ), 81720108015 (to JNZ), 81901525 (to SZ), 82101440 (to DDS), 81801234 (to YZ) and 82071389 (to GLY)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin, Nos. 20JCQNJC01270 (to JWW), 20JCQNJC00460 (to GLY), 18JCQNJC81000 (to HTR)+4 种基金Scientific Research Project of Tianjin Education Commission (Natural Science), No. 2018KJ052 (to ZWZ)Tianjin Health and Health Committee Science and Technology Project, No. QN20015 (to JWW)the Science & Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education, No. 2016YD02 (to YW)Tianjin Key Science and Technology Projects of Innovative Drugs and Medical Devices, No. 19ZXYXSY00070 (to YW)the Clinical Research Fundation of Tianjin Medical University, No. 2018kylc002 (to YW)
文摘Neuroinflammation and the NACHT,LRR,and PYD domains-containing protein 3 inflammasome play crucial roles in secondary tissue damage following an initial insult in patients with traumatic brain injury(TBI).Maraviroc,a C-C chemokine receptor type 5 antagonist,has been viewed as a new therapeutic strategy for many neuroinflammatory diseases.We studied the effect of maraviroc on TBI-induced neuroinflammation.A moderate-TBI mouse model was subjected to a controlled cortical impact device.Maraviroc or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally 1 hour after TBI and then once per day for 3 consecutive days.Western blot,immunohistochemistry,and TUNEL(terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling)analyses were performed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of maraviroc at 3 days post-TBI.Our results suggest that maraviroc administration reduced NACHT,LRR,and PYD domains-containing protein 3 inflammasome activation,modulated microglial polarization from M1 to M2,decreased neutrophil and macrophage infiltration,and inhibited the release of inflammatory factors after TBI.Moreover,maraviroc treatment decreased the activation of neurotoxic reactive astrocytes,which,in turn,exacerbated neuronal cell death.Additionally,we confirmed the neuroprotective effect of maraviroc using the modified neurological severity score,rotarod test,Morris water maze test,and lesion volume measurements.In summary,our findings indicate that maraviroc might be a desirable pharmacotherapeutic strategy for TBI,and C-C chemokine receptor type 5 might be a promising pharmacotherapeutic target to improve recovery after TBI.
文摘The existence of cancer stem cells has been wellestablished in acute myeloid leukemia. Initial proof of the existence of leukemia stem cells(LSCs) was accomplished by functional studies in xenograft models making use of the key features shared with normal hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs) such as the capacity of self-renewal and the ability to initiate and sustain growth of progenitors in vivo. Significant progress has also been made in identifying the phenotype and signaling pathways specific for LSCs. Therapeutically, a multitude of drugs targeting LSCs are in different phases of preclinical and clinical development. This review focuses on recent discoveries which have advanced our understanding of LSC biology and provided rational targets for development of novel therapeutic agents. One of the major challenges is how to target the selfrenewal pathways of LSCs without affecting normal HSCs significantly therefore providing an acceptable therapeutic window. Important issues pertinent to the successful design and conduct of clinical trials evaluating drugs targeting LSCs will be discussed as well.
基金Supported by Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas,CONICET,PIP Nos.0032 and 11220120100619CO
文摘A correct antibody response requires the participation of both B and T lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells. In this review we address the role of follicular helper T lymphocytes(T FH) in this reaction. We shall focus on the regulation of their development and function in health and disease. T FH can be characterized on the basis of their phenotype and the pattern of secretion of cytokines. This fact is useful to study their participation in the generation of antibody deficiency in primary immunodeficiency diseases such as common variable immunodeficiency, X-linked hyper Ig M syndrome orX-linked lymphoproliferative disease. Increased numbers of T FH have been demonstrated in several autoimmune diseases and are thought to play a role in the development of autoantibodies. In chronic viral infections caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B or C virus, increased circulating T FH have been observed, but their role in the protective immune response to these agents is under discussion. Likewise, an important role of T FH in the control of some experimental protozoan infections has been proposed, and it will be important to assess their relevance in order to design effective vaccination strategies.
文摘目的:以C-C趋化因子受体5(C-C chemokine receptor type 5,CCR5)为靶点,利用计算机辅助药物设计技术中的虚拟筛选技术、体外抗病毒活性实验、细胞毒性测试以及分子动力学实验筛选出低毒性、高抗艾滋病病毒(HIV)活性的中药化合物抑制剂,并探究其内在结合机制。方法:接受者操作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)评估Ledock、AutoDock Vina对接软件对于CCR5结构灵敏性,选择适合CCR5抑制剂筛选的对接软件,运用多级筛选的策略对中药系统药理数据库和分析平台(Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform,TCMSP)中的中药化合物进行筛选。利用荧光素酶报告基因的表达检测中药化合物的抗HIV活性,细胞毒性实验测试中药化合物对MAGI-CCR5、L02细胞毒性,分子动力学实验验证中药化合物与CCR5的结合作用。结果:ROC曲线确定了分子对接软件(Ledock,AUC=0.899),虚拟筛选得到8种潜在拮抗CCR5的中药天然小分子;抗HIV活性实验及细胞毒性测试获得2个低毒性、高抗HIV活性中药化合物MT[IC50,(21.79±4.12)μmol·L^(-1);CC50MAGI-CCR5,(170.20±7.75)μmol·L^(-1);CC50L02,(108.04±11.64)μmol·L^(-1)]及FY[IC50,(6.69±1.40)μmol·L^(-1);CC50MAGI-CCR5,(97.82±10.57)μmol·L^(-1);CC50L02,(114.70±10.40)μmol·L^(-1)]。分子动力学实验表明,MT-CCR5、FY-CCR5体系均方根偏差(root mean square deviation,RMSD)值均较小,平均分别为2.77?、2.18?,表明两化合物可与CCR5紧密结合,两者与CCR5结合的主要作用力包括氢键(结合氢键平均个数分别为5.19和4.65个)、范德华力(MTΔEvdw=-232.04±3.45 kJ·mol^(-1),FYΔEvdw=-193.66±0.56 kJ·mol^(-1))及非极性相互作用(MTΔEvdw±ΔGnonpolar=-255.73±4.03 kJ·mol^(-1),FYΔEvdw±ΔGnonpolar=-222.39±0.60 kJ·mol^(-1))。结论:中药化合物MT和FY可与CCR5结合从而具有一定的抗HIV活性,可作为先导抗病毒中药化合物进行下一步结构改造。
