Review of Field Weakening Control Strategies of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

Due to high power density,high efficiency,and accurate control performance,permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSMs)have been widely adopted in equipment manufacturing and energy transformation fields.To expand the speed range under finite DC-bus voltage,extensive research on field weakening(FW)control strategies has been conducted.This paper summarizes the major FW control strategies of PMSMs,which are categorized into calculation-based methods,voltage closed-loop control methods,and model predictive control related methods.The existing strategies are analyzed and compared according to performance,robustness,and execution difficulty,which can facilitate the implementation of FW control.

Suppression and synchronization of chaos in uncertain time-delay physical system

The mechanical horizontal platform(MHP)system exhibits a rich chaotic behavior.The chaotic MHP system has applications in the earthquake and offshore industries.This article proposes a robust adaptive continuous control(RACC)algorithm.It investigates the control and synchronization of chaos in the uncertain MHP system with time-delay in the presence of unknown state-dependent and time-dependent disturbances.The closed-loop system contains most of the nonlinear terms that enhance the complexity of the dynamical system;it improves the efficiency of the closed-loop.The proposed RACC approach(a)accomplishes faster convergence of the perturbed state variables(synchronization errors)to the desired steady-state,(b)eradicates the effect of unknown state-dependent and time-dependent disturbances,and(c)suppresses undesirable chattering in the feedback control inputs.This paper describes a detailed closed-loop stability analysis based on the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional theory and Lyapunov stability technique.It provides parameter adaptation laws that confirm the convergence of the uncertain parameters to some constant values.The computer simulation results endorse the theoretical findings and provide a comparative performance.

A master-slave generalized predictive synchronization control for preheating process of multi-cavity hot runner system

As a key component of injection molding,multi-cavity hot runner(MCHR)system faces the crucial problem of polymer melt filling imbalance among the cavities.The thermal imbalance in the system has been considered as the leading cause.Hence,the solution may rest with the synchronization of those heating processes in MCHR system.This paper proposes a’Master-Slave’generalized predictive synchronization control(MS-GPSC)method with’Mr.Slowest’strategy for preheating stage of MCHR system.The core of the proposed method is choosing the heating process with slowest dynamics as the’Master’to track the setpoint,while the other heating processes are treated as‘Slaves’tracking the output of’Master’.This proposed method is shown to have the good ability of temperature synchronization.The corresponding analysis is conducted on parameters tuning and stability,simulations and experiments show the strategy is effective.

An Adaptive Control Strategy for Energy Storage Interface Converter Based on Analogous Virtual Synchronous Generator

In the DC microgrid,the lack of inertia and damping in power electronic converters results in poor stability of DC bus voltage and low inertia of the DC microgrid during fluctuations in load and photovoltaic power.To address this issue,the application of a virtual synchronous generator(VSG)in grid-connected inverters control is referenced and proposes a control strategy called the analogous virtual synchronous generator(AVSG)control strategy for the interface DC/DC converter of the battery in the microgrid.Besides,a flexible parameter adaptive control method is introduced to further enhance the inertial behavior of the AVSG control.Firstly,a theoretical analysis is conducted on the various components of the DC microgrid,the structure of analogous virtual synchronous generator,and the control structure’s main parameters related to the DC microgrid’s inertial behavior.Secondly,the voltage change rate tracking coefficient is introduced to adjust the change of the virtual capacitance and damping coefficient flexibility,which further strengthens the inertia trend of the DC microgrid.Additionally,a small-signal modeling approach is used to analyze the approximate range of the AVSG’s main parameters ensuring system stability.Finally,conduct a simulation analysis by building the model of the DC microgrid system with photovoltaic(PV)and battery energy storage(BES)in MATLAB/Simulink.Simulation results from different scenarios have verified that the AVSG control introduces fixed inertia and damping into the droop control of the battery,resulting in a certain level of inertia enhancement.Furthermore,the additional adaptive control strategy built upon the AVSG control provides better and flexible inertial support for the DC microgrid,further enhances the stability of the DC bus voltage,and has a more positive impact on the battery performance.

Control and Synchronization of Henon Map Based on Proportional Feedback Control and Driving Variables *

Following the recent study of control and synchronous oscillatory activity in assemblies of chaotic model neurons, a modified method of suppression of chaos and synchronization of connection of chaotic neurons by proportional pulses control and variables driving is proposed. The performance of the method is shown by applying to the high dimensional chaotic neuron model Henon map. In simulating experiments, a very interesting result that by changing parameters of controlling a desirable stable periodic cycle could be gotten, and which not only provides the possibility of chaotic information memorizing and processing but also demonstrates the recent physiological experimental suggestion.

BACKSTEPPING-BASED ADAPTIVE CONTROL AND SYNCHRONIZATION OF CHAOTIC SYSTEMS

Backstepping method is applied to the problems of synchronization for chaotic systems. Synchronization controller is designed via selecting a series of Lyapunov functions on the basis of recursive idea. The method is systematic and can deal with a class of chaotic system′s synchronization problems, which are important in safe communication with chaotic signal. Due to the nature of backstepping method, the designed controller possesses perfect robustness and adaptation. As an example, the controller based on backstepping method is employed to synchronize Lorenz system. The numerical simulation illustrates that the method is effective. Compared with the linear feedback synchronization controller, the control law can stabilize synchronization systems at a smaller synchronization error. Therefore the controller has a good performance.

Cascaded Model Predictive Control of Six-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Fault Tolerant Ability

In the field of high-power electric drives, multiphase motors have the advantages of high power-density, excellent fault tolerance and control flexibility. But their decoupling control and modulation process are much more complicated compared with three-phase motors due to the increased degree of freedom. Finite control set model predictive control can reduce the difficulties of controlling six-phase motors because it does not require modulation process. In this paper, a cascaded model predictive control strategy is proposed for the optimal control of high-power six-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors. Firstly, the current prediction model of torque and harmonic subspaces are established by decoupling the six-phase spatial variables. Secondly, a cascaded cost function with fault-tolerant capability is proposed to eliminate the weighting factor in the cost function. And finally, the proposed strategy is demonstrated through theoretical analysis and experiments. It is validated that the proposed method is able to maintain excellent steady-state control accuracy and fast dynamic response while significantly reduce the control complexity of the system. Besides, it can easily achieve fault-tolerant operation under open-phase fault.

Adaptive Gain Tuning Rule for Nonlinear Sliding-mode Speed Control of Encoderless Three-phase Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Motor

In this paper, an adaptive gain tuning rule is designed for the nonlinear sliding mode speed control(NSMSC) in order to enhance the dynamic performance and the robustness of the permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor(PMa-Syn RM) with considering the parameter uncertainties. A nonlinear sliding surface whose parameters are altering with time is designed at first. The proposed NSMSC can minimize the settling time without any overshoot via utilizing a low damping ratio at starting along with a high damping ratio as the output approaches the target set-point. In addition, it eliminates the problem of the singularity with the upper bound of an uncertain term that is hard to be measured practically as well as ensures a rapid convergence in finite time, through employing a simple adaptation law. Moreover, for enhancing the system efficiency throughout the constant torque region, the control system utilizes the maximum torque per ampere technique. The nonlinear sliding surface stability is assured via employing Lyapunov stability theory. Furthermore, a simple sliding mode estimator is employed for estimating the system uncertainties. The stability analysis and the experimental results indicate the effectiveness along with feasibility of the proposed speed estimation and the NSMSC approach for a 1.1-k W PMa-Syn RM under different speed references, electrical and mechanical parameters disparities, and load disturbance conditions.

Pinning-controlled synchronization of complex networks with bounded or unbounded synchronized regions

This paper studies pinning-controlled synchronization of complex networks with bounded or unbounded synchronized regions. To study a state-feedback pinning-controlled network with N nodes, it first converts the controlled network to an extended network of N＋1 nodes without controls. It is shown that the controlled synchronizability of the given network is determined by the real part of the smallest nonzero eigenvalue of the coupling matrix of its extended network when the synchronized region is unbounded; but it is determined by the ratio of the real parts of the largest and the smallest nonzero eigenvalues of the coupling matrix when the synchronized region is bounded. Both theoretical analysis and numerical simulation show that the portion of controlled nodes has no critical values when the synchronized region is unbounded, but it has a critical value when the synchronized region is bounded. In the former case, therefore, it is possible to control the network to achieve synchronization by pinning only one node. In the latter case, the network can achieve controlled synchronization only when the portion of controlled nodes is larger than the critical value.

H_∞ SYNCHRONIZATION CONTROL OF LINEAR SYSTEMS AND ITS APPLICATION TO WAFER-RETICAL STAGE

For the outputs of two nth-order linear control systems to work insynchronization and meanwhile to track their commands, a H_(infinity) synchronization control schemeis presented. In terms of two uncoupled single variable linear systems, a multivariable coupledsystem is established by choosing one output and the difference of the two outputs as a new outputvector, so that both command tracking and synchronization properties can be demonstrated by aH_(infinity) performance index. To improve the synchronization and trailing performance and toguarantee the system robust stability, the mixed sensitivity H_(infinity), design methodology isadopted. The presented synchronization scheme is then extended to the case where one of the twosystems include two input variables, and then applied to the position synchronization control of awafer-retical stage. The wafer-reticle stage consists of a wafer stage, a reticle coarse stage, anda reticle fine stage. The reticle coarse stage picks up the reticle fine stage. The three stagesought to tack their commands, but synchronization between the wafer stage and the reticle fine stagemust be stressed in the tracking process. In the application, by appropriately determining theweighting matrices for the sensitivity function and the complementary sensitivity function, asatisfactory KL synchronization controller is obtained to realize highly accurate positionsynchronization, and to guarantee tracking performance. The above results are verified by simulationexperiments.

Controlled synchronization of complex network with different kinds of nodes

In this paper, a new dynamical network model is introduced, in which the nodes of the network are different. It is shown that by the designed controllers, the state of the network can exponentially synchronize onto a homogeneous stationary state. Some criteria are derived and some examples are presented. The numerical simulations coincide with theoretical analysis.

Complete synchronization between two bi-directionally coupled chaotic systems via an adaptive feedback controller

In this paper, we apply a simple adaptive feedback control scheme to synchronize two bi-directionally coupled chaotic systems. Based on the invariance principle of differential equations, sufficient conditions for the global asymptotic synchronization between two bi-directionally coupled chaotic systems via an adaptive feedback controller are given. Unlike other control schemes for bi-directionally coupled systems, this scheme is very simple to implement in practice and need not consider coupling terms. As examples, the autonomous hyperchaotic Chen systems and the new nonautonomous 4D systems are illustrated. Numerical simulations show that the proposed method is effective and robust against the effect of weak noise.

Impulsive control of chaotic systems and its applications in synchronization

In this paper, some novel sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability of impulsive control systems are presented by comparison systems. The results are used to obtain the conditions under which the chaotic systems can be asymptotically controlled to the origin via impulsive control. Compared with some existing results, our results are more relaxed in the sense that the Lyapunov function is required to be nonincreasing only along a subsequence of switchings. Moreover, a larger upper bound of impulsive intervals for stabilization and synchronization is obtained.

Synchronization of uncertain fractional-order chaotic systems with disturbance based on a fractional terminal sliding mode controller

This paper provides a novel method to synchronize uncertain fractional-order chaotic systems with external disturbance via fractional terminal sliding mode control. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, a new fractional-order switching manifold is proposed, and in order to ensure the occurrence of sliding motion in finite time, a corresponding sliding mode control law is designed. The proposed control scheme is applied to synchronize the fractional-order Lorenz chaotic system and fractional-order Chen chaotic system with uncertainty and external disturbance parameters. The simulation results show the applicability and efficiency of the proposed scheme.

Global Synchronization of Stochastically Disturbed Memristive Neurodynamics via Discontinuous Control Laws

This paper presents the theoretical results on the master-slave (or driving-response) synchronization of two memristive neural networks in the presence of additive noise. First, a control law with a linear time-delay feedback term and a discontinuous feedback term is introduced. By utilizing the stability theory of stochastic differential equations, sufficient conditions are derived for ascertaining global synchronization in mean square using this control law. Second, an adaptive control law consisting of a linear feedback term and a discontinuous feedback term is designed to achieve global synchronization in mean square, and it does not need prior information of network parameters or random disturbances. Finally, simulation results are presented to substantiate the theoretical results. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

Complete synchronization of uncertain chaotic dynamical network via a simple adaptive control

In this paper, based on the invaxiance principle of differential equations, we propose a simple adaptive control method to synchronize the network with coupling of the general form. Comparing with other control approaches, this scheme only depends on each node＇s state output. So we need not to know the concrete network structure and the solutions of the isolate nodes of the network in advance. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method, a special example is provided and numerical simulations are performed. The numerical results show that our control scheme is very effective and robust against the weak noise.

Adaptive Control and Function Projective Synchronization in 2D Discrete-Time Chaotic Systems

This study addresses the adaptive control and function projective synchronization problems between 2D Rulkov discrete-time system and Network discrete-time system. Based on backstepping design with three controllers, a systematic, concrete and automatic scheme is developed to investigate the function projective synchronization of discretetime chaotic systems. In addition, the adaptive control function is applied to achieve the state synchronization of two discrete-time systems. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

Synchronization and Control of Halo-Chaos in Beam Transport Network with Small World Topology

The synchronous conditions of two kinds of the small-world （SW） network are studied. The small world topology can affect on dynamical behaviors of the beam transport network （BTN） largely, if the BTN is constructed with the SW topology, the global linear coupling and special linear feedback can realize the synchronization control of beam halo-chaos as well as periodic state in the BTN with the SW topology, respectively. This important result can provide an effective way for the experimental study and the engineering design of the BTN in the high-current accelerator driven radioactive clean nuclear power systems, and may have potential use in prospective applications for halo-chaos secure communication.

Passive control and synchronization of hyperchaotic Chen system

This paper investigates the control and synchronization of hyperchaotic Chen system based on the passive theory. By using two outputs, novel passive controllers are respectively designed to realize the globally asymptotical stability of the hyperchaotic Chen system and the error dynamical system, which avoids mistakes in Ref.[11], where function W（z） cannot guarantee that fo（z） is globally asymptotically stable via only one output and W（z） is the Lyapunov function of f0（z）. Furthermore, numerical simulations are given to show the effectiveness of our method.

Control for the synchronization of Chen system via a single nonlinear input

This paper addresses control for the synchronization of Chen chaotic systems via sector nonlinear inputs. Feedback control, adaptive control, fast sliding mode and robust control approaches based on single state feedback controller are investigated. In these cases, sufficient conditions for the synchronization are obtained analytically. Numerical simulations verify the control performances.