【目的】研究bla_(CMY-2)阳性禽源奇异变形杆菌的多重耐药特征,并分析菌株CY32全基因组序列结构。【方法】对5株bla_(CMY-2)阳性禽源奇异变形杆菌进行氟苯尼考和质粒介导氟喹诺酮类耐药基因检测、接合试验和bla_(CMY-2)基因的Southern...【目的】研究bla_(CMY-2)阳性禽源奇异变形杆菌的多重耐药特征,并分析菌株CY32全基因组序列结构。【方法】对5株bla_(CMY-2)阳性禽源奇异变形杆菌进行氟苯尼考和质粒介导氟喹诺酮类耐药基因检测、接合试验和bla_(CMY-2)基因的Southern杂交定位,对其中一株菌CY32进行全基因测序和生物信息学分析。【结果】5株奇异变形杆菌携带的bla_(CMY-2)位于染色体,其中,菌株CY12、CY32、S31和S52携带floR,菌株CY12和CY32携带qnrD。CY32的染色体同时含有SXT/R391型整合性接合元件(integrative and conjugative elements,ICEs)(ICEPmiJpn1)和PmGRI1共2种耐药基因岛。ICEs的可变区包含2个串联的复合型转座子(IS10构成),其中一个复合型转座子携带bla_(CMY-2);CY32的PmGRI1耐药岛含有12个耐药基因。与其他奇异变形杆菌携带的PmGRI1相比,多重耐药区差异最大的区域位于Tn21转座子。此外,CY32包含2个质粒,包括携带floR的IncQ质粒和携带qnrD的非接合质粒。奇异变形杆菌CY32携带15个耐药基因,呈现多重耐药的特性。【结论】奇异变形杆菌经基因岛和质粒获得多重耐药,使治疗奇异变形杆菌感染变得更加困难,应加强对动物源奇异变形杆菌耐药性监测。展开更多
When the input signal has been interfered and glitches occur,the power consumption of Double-Edge Triggered Flip-Flops(DETFFs)will significantly increase.To effectively reduce the power consumption,this paper presents...When the input signal has been interfered and glitches occur,the power consumption of Double-Edge Triggered Flip-Flops(DETFFs)will significantly increase.To effectively reduce the power consumption,this paper presents an anti-interference low-power DETFF based on C-elements.The improved C-element is used in this DETFF,which effectively blocks the glitches in the input signal,prevents redundant transitions inside the DETFF,and reduces the charge and discharge frequencies of the transistor.The C-element has also added pull-up and pull-down paths,reducing its latency.Compared with other existing DETFFs,the DETFF proposed in this paper only flips once on the clock edge,which greatly reduces the redundant transitions caused by glitches and effectively reduces power consumption.This paper uses HSPICE to simulate the proposed DETFF and other 10 DETFFs.The findings show that compared with the other 10 types of DETFFs,the proposed DETFF has achieved large performance indexes in the total power consumption,total power consumption with glitches,delays,and power delay product.A detailed analysis of variance indicates that the proposed DETFF features less sensitivity to process,voltage,temperature,and Negative Bias Temperature Instability(NBTI)-induced aging variations.展开更多
在微生物的代谢活动下,土壤中有机态碳氮化合物矿化分解释放矿质养分和二氧化碳,深刻影响着自然生态系统土壤碳、氮等元素的循环转化、土壤的养分供应和有机质的更新,并对地上植被的演替和分布有极为重要的意义。青藏高原灌丛面积分布广...在微生物的代谢活动下,土壤中有机态碳氮化合物矿化分解释放矿质养分和二氧化碳,深刻影响着自然生态系统土壤碳、氮等元素的循环转化、土壤的养分供应和有机质的更新,并对地上植被的演替和分布有极为重要的意义。青藏高原灌丛面积分布广泛,地形和气候条件复杂,但目前对灌丛分布地区土壤碳氮含量、矿化作用强度及其影响因素等的认识较少。研究结合土壤理化分析和高通量定量PCR(quantitative microbial element cycling, QMEC)技术研究了青藏高原喜马拉雅山-冈底斯山地区不同类型灌丛土壤碳氮含量、碳氮矿化速率和相关功能基因的分布特征及其与植被、气候和土壤因子间的耦联关系。结果表明,不同类型灌丛土壤的有机碳、全氮含量、CO_(2)释放速率、净氮矿化速率、碳氮矿化基因的丰度有显著差异。其中,位于青藏高原东南部的雪层杜鹃和香柏灌丛分布区土壤有机碳和全氮含量、CO_(2)释放速率、净氮矿化速率显著高于位于中西部的变色锦鸡儿、金露梅和砂生槐灌丛地区,并与年平均降雨量显著正相关。然而,碳、氮矿化基因丰度分布趋势与之相反,在雪层杜鹃和香柏灌丛分布区丰度显著低于中西部的三类灌丛,且与年平均降雨量呈显著负相关,但与土壤pH呈显著正相关。同时pH与年平均降水量、湿润指数和土壤含水率均为显著负相关。这些结果表明降水可通过增加盐基离子淋溶,使土壤盐基饱和度下降、氢饱和度增加,引起土壤酸化,进而影响碳氮循环过程,导致不同类型灌丛土壤碳氮元素的赋存及其周转速率差异。同时,碳、氮矿化相关功能基因丰度各类群间呈现显著的正相关关系,表明土壤碳氮循环过程间紧密的耦联关系。这些结果为准确评估青藏高原土壤碳、氮库及其动态平衡提供了重要信息和参考依据。展开更多
This paper presents a radiation hardened flip-flop with an annular gate and a Muller C-element. The proposed cell has multiple working modes which can be used in different situations. Each part of the cell can be veri...This paper presents a radiation hardened flip-flop with an annular gate and a Muller C-element. The proposed cell has multiple working modes which can be used in different situations. Each part of the cell can be verified easily and completely by using different modes. This cell has been designed under an SMIC 0.13 μm process and 3-D simulated by using Synopsys TCAD. Heavy-ion testing has been done on the cell and its counterparts. The test results demonstrate that the presented cell reduces the cell＇s saturation cross section by approximately two orders of magnitude with little penalty on performance.展开更多
A radiation-hardened flip-flop is proposed to mitigate the single event upset （SEU） effect. Immunity was achieved through the use of C-elements and redundant storage elements. It takes advantage of the property of a...A radiation-hardened flip-flop is proposed to mitigate the single event upset （SEU） effect. Immunity was achieved through the use of C-elements and redundant storage elements. It takes advantage of the property of a C-element in which it enters a high impedance mode when its inputs are of different logic values. Redundant storage nodes are then used to drive the C-elements so that a single upset pulse in any storage will be prevented from altering the state of the output of the flip-flop. The flip-flop was implemented using 48 transistors and occupied an area of 30.78 μm2, using 65 nm CMOS process. It consumed 22.6% fewer transistors as compared to the traditional SEU resilient TMR flip-flop.展开更多
文摘【目的】研究bla_(CMY-2)阳性禽源奇异变形杆菌的多重耐药特征,并分析菌株CY32全基因组序列结构。【方法】对5株bla_(CMY-2)阳性禽源奇异变形杆菌进行氟苯尼考和质粒介导氟喹诺酮类耐药基因检测、接合试验和bla_(CMY-2)基因的Southern杂交定位,对其中一株菌CY32进行全基因测序和生物信息学分析。【结果】5株奇异变形杆菌携带的bla_(CMY-2)位于染色体,其中,菌株CY12、CY32、S31和S52携带floR,菌株CY12和CY32携带qnrD。CY32的染色体同时含有SXT/R391型整合性接合元件(integrative and conjugative elements,ICEs)(ICEPmiJpn1)和PmGRI1共2种耐药基因岛。ICEs的可变区包含2个串联的复合型转座子(IS10构成),其中一个复合型转座子携带bla_(CMY-2);CY32的PmGRI1耐药岛含有12个耐药基因。与其他奇异变形杆菌携带的PmGRI1相比,多重耐药区差异最大的区域位于Tn21转座子。此外,CY32包含2个质粒,包括携带floR的IncQ质粒和携带qnrD的非接合质粒。奇异变形杆菌CY32携带15个耐药基因,呈现多重耐药的特性。【结论】奇异变形杆菌经基因岛和质粒获得多重耐药,使治疗奇异变形杆菌感染变得更加困难,应加强对动物源奇异变形杆菌耐药性监测。
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61874156,61874157,61904001,and 61904047)。
文摘When the input signal has been interfered and glitches occur,the power consumption of Double-Edge Triggered Flip-Flops(DETFFs)will significantly increase.To effectively reduce the power consumption,this paper presents an anti-interference low-power DETFF based on C-elements.The improved C-element is used in this DETFF,which effectively blocks the glitches in the input signal,prevents redundant transitions inside the DETFF,and reduces the charge and discharge frequencies of the transistor.The C-element has also added pull-up and pull-down paths,reducing its latency.Compared with other existing DETFFs,the DETFF proposed in this paper only flips once on the clock edge,which greatly reduces the redundant transitions caused by glitches and effectively reduces power consumption.This paper uses HSPICE to simulate the proposed DETFF and other 10 DETFFs.The findings show that compared with the other 10 types of DETFFs,the proposed DETFF has achieved large performance indexes in the total power consumption,total power consumption with glitches,delays,and power delay product.A detailed analysis of variance indicates that the proposed DETFF features less sensitivity to process,voltage,temperature,and Negative Bias Temperature Instability(NBTI)-induced aging variations.
文摘在微生物的代谢活动下,土壤中有机态碳氮化合物矿化分解释放矿质养分和二氧化碳,深刻影响着自然生态系统土壤碳、氮等元素的循环转化、土壤的养分供应和有机质的更新,并对地上植被的演替和分布有极为重要的意义。青藏高原灌丛面积分布广泛,地形和气候条件复杂,但目前对灌丛分布地区土壤碳氮含量、矿化作用强度及其影响因素等的认识较少。研究结合土壤理化分析和高通量定量PCR(quantitative microbial element cycling, QMEC)技术研究了青藏高原喜马拉雅山-冈底斯山地区不同类型灌丛土壤碳氮含量、碳氮矿化速率和相关功能基因的分布特征及其与植被、气候和土壤因子间的耦联关系。结果表明,不同类型灌丛土壤的有机碳、全氮含量、CO_(2)释放速率、净氮矿化速率、碳氮矿化基因的丰度有显著差异。其中,位于青藏高原东南部的雪层杜鹃和香柏灌丛分布区土壤有机碳和全氮含量、CO_(2)释放速率、净氮矿化速率显著高于位于中西部的变色锦鸡儿、金露梅和砂生槐灌丛地区,并与年平均降雨量显著正相关。然而,碳、氮矿化基因丰度分布趋势与之相反,在雪层杜鹃和香柏灌丛分布区丰度显著低于中西部的三类灌丛,且与年平均降雨量呈显著负相关,但与土壤pH呈显著正相关。同时pH与年平均降水量、湿润指数和土壤含水率均为显著负相关。这些结果表明降水可通过增加盐基离子淋溶,使土壤盐基饱和度下降、氢饱和度增加,引起土壤酸化,进而影响碳氮循环过程,导致不同类型灌丛土壤碳氮元素的赋存及其周转速率差异。同时,碳、氮矿化相关功能基因丰度各类群间呈现显著的正相关关系,表明土壤碳氮循环过程间紧密的耦联关系。这些结果为准确评估青藏高原土壤碳、氮库及其动态平衡提供了重要信息和参考依据。
文摘This paper presents a radiation hardened flip-flop with an annular gate and a Muller C-element. The proposed cell has multiple working modes which can be used in different situations. Each part of the cell can be verified easily and completely by using different modes. This cell has been designed under an SMIC 0.13 μm process and 3-D simulated by using Synopsys TCAD. Heavy-ion testing has been done on the cell and its counterparts. The test results demonstrate that the presented cell reduces the cell＇s saturation cross section by approximately two orders of magnitude with little penalty on performance.
文摘A radiation-hardened flip-flop is proposed to mitigate the single event upset （SEU） effect. Immunity was achieved through the use of C-elements and redundant storage elements. It takes advantage of the property of a C-element in which it enters a high impedance mode when its inputs are of different logic values. Redundant storage nodes are then used to drive the C-elements so that a single upset pulse in any storage will be prevented from altering the state of the output of the flip-flop. The flip-flop was implemented using 48 transistors and occupied an area of 30.78 μm2, using 65 nm CMOS process. It consumed 22.6% fewer transistors as compared to the traditional SEU resilient TMR flip-flop.
基金Project(22A0117)supported by Hunan Provincial Department of Education,ChinaProject(AWJ-20-M02)supported by State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining,Harbin Institute of Technology,China。
