Future clinical prospects of C-peptide testing in the early diagnosis of gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes is typically diagnosed in the late second or third trimester of pregnancy.It is one of the most common metabolic disorders among expectant mothers,with potential serious short-and long-term complications for both maternal and offspring health.C-peptide is secreted from pancreatic beta-cells into circulation in equimolar amounts with insulin.It is a useful biomarker to estimate the beta-cell function because it undergoes negligible hepatic clearance and consequently it has a longer half-life compared to insulin.Pregnancy induces increased insulin resistance due to physiological changes in hormonal and metabolic homeostasis.Inadequate compensation by islet beta-cells results in hyperglycemia.The standard oral glucose tolerance test at 24-28 wk of gestation sets the diagnosis.Accumulated evidence from prospective studies indicates a link between early pregnancy C-peptide levels and the risk of subsequent gestational diabetes.Elevated C-peptide levels and surrogate glycemic indices at the beginning of pregnancy could prompt appropriate strategies for secondary prevention.

C-peptide as a key risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States population

AIM To determine whether fasting C-peptide is an independent predictor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) in United States population.METHODS Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES) 1988-1994, NAFLD participants aged 20 or greater without any other liver diseases were included in this study. Excessive alcohol intake is defined as > 2 drinks per day for males and > 1 drink per day for females. C-peptide and 27 other factors known to be associated with NAFLD(e.g., age, gender, body mass index, waist circumference, race/ethnicity, liver chemistries, and other diabetes tests) were tested in both univariate and multivariate level using logistic regression with a P-value 0.05.RESULTS Of 18825 participants aged ≥ 20, 3235 participants(n = 3235) met inclusion criteria. There were 23 factors associated with NAFLD by univariate analysis. 9 factors, ranked by the highest change in pseudo R2, were found to be significant predictors of NAFLD in multivariate model: waist circumference, fasting C-peptide, natural log of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), total protein, beingMexican American, natural log of glycated hemoglobin, triglyceride level, being non-Hispanic white, and ferritin level. CONCLUSION Together with waist circumference and ALT, fasting C-peptide is among three most important predictors of NAFLD in United States population in the NHANES data set. Further study is needed to validate the clinical utility of fasting C-peptide in diagnosis or monitoring insulin resistance in NAFLD patients.

Pathological consequences of C-peptide deficiency in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Diabetes is associated with several complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and cardiovascular diseases. Currently, insulin is the main used medication for management of insulin-dependentdiabetes mellitus(type-1 diabetes). In this metabolic syndrome, in addition to decrease of endogenous insulin, the plasma level of connecting peptide(C-peptide) is also reduced due to beta cell destruction. Studies in the past decade have shown that C-peptide is much more than a byproduct of insulin biosynthesis and possess different biological activities. Therefore, it may be possible that C-peptide deficiency be involved, at least in part, in the development of different complications of diabetes. It has been shown that a small level of remaining C-peptide is associated with significant metabolic benefit. The purpose of this review is to describe beneficial effects of C-peptide replacement on pathological features associated with insulin-dependent diabetes. Also, experimental and clinical findings on the effects of C-peptide on wholebody glucose utilization, adipose tissue metabolism and tissues blood flow are summarized and discussed. The hypoglycemic, antilipolytic and vasodilator effects of C-peptide suggest that it may contribute to fine-tuning of the tissues metabolism under different physiologic or pathologic conditions. Therefore, C-peptide replacement together with the classic insulin therapy may prevent, retard, or ameliorate diabetic complications in patients with type-1 diabetes.

C-peptide and Diabetic Encephalopathy

With the changes of life style, diabetes and its complications have become a major cause of morbidity and mortality. It is reasonable to anticipate a continued rise in the incidence of diabetes and its complications along with the aging of the population, increase in adult obesity rate, and other risk factors. Diabetic en- cephalopathy is one of the severe microvascular complications of diabetes, characterized by impaired cogni- tive functions, and electrophysiological, neurochemical, and structural abnormalities. It may involve direct neuronal damage caused by intracellular glucose. However, the pathogenesis of this disease is complex and its diagnosis is not very clear. Previous researches have suggested that chronic metabolic alterations, vascular changes, and neuronal apoptosis may play important roles in neuronai loss and damaged cognitive functions. Multiple factors are responsible for neuronal apoptosis, such as disturbed insulin growth factor （IGF） system, hyperglycemia, and the aging process. Recent data suggest that insulin/C-peptide deficiency may exert a primary and key effect in diabetic encephalopathy. Administration of C-peptide partially improves the condition of the IGF system in the brain and prevents neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus of diabetic patients. Those findings provide a basis for application of C-peptide as a potentially effective therapy for diabetes and diabetic encephalopathy.

Level of Fasting C-Peptide as a Predictor of <i>β</i>-Cell Function in Sudanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: In this study, we assessed the level of fasting C-peptide as a predictor of β-cell function and insulin resistance in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), Gezira State-Sudan. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 T2DM patients attending the Diabetic patients care Centre were recruited, thirty five patients were males and sixty five were females, the mean age of the patients was 50.29 ± 0.456 years, and body mass index (BMI) was 26.54 ± 0.437. We estimated β-cell function using fasting C-peptide levels;homeostatic model assessment for β-cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated from C-peptide and fasting blood glucose (FBG). Results: C-peptide was significantly and positively correlated with HOMA-B and HOMA-IR. FBG also showed significant negative correlation with HOMA-B, but was positively and significantly correlated with HOMA-IR. HbA1c was negatively and significantly correlated with HOMA-B. Patients with low C-peptide levels had increased FBG and HbA1c level, while patients with high C-peptide levels were having high HOMA-IR and HOMA-B. Conclusions: Fasting C-peptide is a useful marker of pancreatic β-cell function, and its circulating levels could be used to evaluate insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Moreover, HOMA-IR is an effective index to achieve glycemic control by appropriate pharmacologic treatment of T2DM.

Inverse relationship between glomerular hyperfiltration and C-peptide level in Type 1 diabetes

Background: Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) commonly develops in early diabetes and is closely correlated with the development of diabetic nephropathy. Objective: The aim was to study the relationship between GFR, C-peptide level and other parameters at diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes. Methods: We determined GFR, Cpeptide level, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI) SDS and loss of weight at diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes in 495 children (231 females). Linear and multiple regression analysis was used to test for the associations between GFR and other parameters. Results: In the 495 patients, GFR median (interquartile range) was increased vs normal values (p = 0.0001). GFR was significantly negatively correlated with age (p < 0.001) and C-peptide level (p = 0.001), and positively correlated with weight loss (p = 0.02). The multiple regression analysis showed that age (p = 0.001) and C-peptide level (p = 0.05) were independently and negatively related to GFR. Conclusions: This study shows that, at onset of Type 1 diabetes, higher the GFR, younger the age and lower the C-peptide level are. The role of this hyperfiltration in the development of later nephropathy and the putative preventive effect of C-peptide administration need to be evaluated.

Research Progress of C-Peptide and Its Physiological Function

As a product in the process of insulin synthesis, C-peptide’s physiological function is still not very clear. Recent studies have shown that C-peptide has many potential cell targets and has biological effects on a variety of tissue systems in humans and other animals. In this paper, the effects of C-peptide on diabetic complications, reproductive endocrine system, blood system, tissue repair, and neoplastic diseases were reviewed to provide references for further clarification of c-peptide related problems.

Role of C-Peptide in Relation to Levels of Anti-GAD and Islet Cell Antibodies in Characterizing Types of Diabetes in the Young, in Eastern India

Background: Measuring fasting C-peptide (FCP) and antibodies against Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) and Islet cell antibodies (ICA) are not so commonly explored in children and young adults. Objectives: To assess the levels of FCP, GADA and ICA in subjects below the age of 25 years with DM and compare their levels to differentiate between Autoimmune and Non-Autoimmune Type 1 DM. Methodology: Blood samples of 93 subjects diagnosed with DM, reporting to the tertiary care hospital, were analysed for ICA, GADA and FCP. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were analysed to check the ability of autoimmune markers, BMI and C-peptide to differentiate between Autoimmune (Ai) and Non-Autoimmune (NonAi) diabetes. Results: 30/93 (32.2%) were positive for anti-GAD ab and/or ICA and categorised as Autoimmune (Ai), the most common antibody being, anti-GAD ab (80%) in them. The level of FCP among Ai compared to NonAi, was significantly low (p 20.75 nmol/l) as a very dependable test for diagnosing Ai, Type 1 DM, in children and young adults. Its sensitivity and specificity are in the range of 86.2% and 96.8% respectively. Low level of C-peptide (Conclusion: This study revealed predominant positivity for anti-GAD ab (80%) among Ai+ patients. ROC analysis shows GADA above 20.75 nmol/l and Fasting C-peptide < 0.36 nmol/l as a good indicator for diagnosing Ai in children and young adults.

Current perspectives and the future of disease-modifying therapies in type 1 diabetes

Use of immunomodulating agents to prevent the progression of autoimmuneβ-cell damage leading to type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is an interesting area for research.These include non-specific anti-inflammatory agents,immunologic vaccination and anti-inflammatory agents targeting specific immune cells or cytokines.Teplizumab is an anti-CD3-molecule that binds to and leads to the disappearance of the CD3/TCR complex and rendering the T cell anergic to its target antigen.Preclinical and clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy in reducing the decline in serum C-peptide levels and the need for insulin therapy if used early in the disease process of T1DM.The benefits have been apparent as early as six months to as long as seven years after therapy.It has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to delay the onset of clinical(stage 3)type 1 diabetes in children above 8 years of age.In their recent metaanalysis published in the World Journal of Diabetes,Ma et al found that those in the teplizumab treatment group have a greater likelihood of reduction in insulin use,change in C-peptide response,and better glycemic control compared to the control group with a good safety profile.However,all the included randomized control trials have been conducted in high-income countries.High cost of therapy and unknown utility of the molecule in stage 3 disease limit its widespread use.

Short reaction of C-peptide, glucagon-like peptide-1, ghrelin and endomorphin-1 for different style diet in type 2 diabetic patients

Background Food composition and style is changing dramatically now, which causes inappropriate secretion of hormones from brain, gastrointestinal and endo-pancreas, may be related to unbalance of glucose in blood. The aim of this study was to explore the fast response of C-peptide, glucagon-like peptide-1 （GLP-1）, ghrelin and endomorphin-1 （EM-1） to the eastern and western style meals in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods The study enrolled 57 patients with type 2 diabetes （20 men and 37 women, mean age （67.05±8.26） years）. Eastern style meal （meal A） and western style meal （meal B） were designed to produce the fullness effect. C-peptide, GLP-1, ghrelin and EM-1 were assessed before （0 hour） and after （2 hours） each diet. Results The delta （2h-0h） of C- peptide in meal A was significantly lower than that in meal B （P=0.0004）. C-peptide, GLP-1, ghrelin and EM-1 were obviously higher before meal B than those before meal A （P 〈0.0001, 〈0.0001, =0.001, =0.0004 respectively）. Blood glucose 2 hours and 3 hours after meal B were higher than those after meal A （P=0.0005, 0.0079 respectively）. Correlations between GLP-1 and ghrelin were strongly positive before both meals and 2 hours after both meals and also in relation to the delta of meal A and meal B （rA0h=0.7838, rB05=0.9368, rA25=0.7615, rB2h=0.9409, r A（2h-0h）=0.7531, rB（2h 05）=0.9980, respectively, P 〈0.0001）. Conclusion Western style meal （high fat and protein food） could make more response of C-peptide than eastern style meal, and could stimulate more gut hormones （GLP-1, ghrelin） and brain peptide （EM-1） at the first phase of digestion.

2型糖尿病患者血清25-羟维生素D水平与代谢指标的相关性

目的分析2型糖尿病患者25-羟维生素D[25(OH)D]水平,初步了解血清25(OH)D水平与2型糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、胰岛功能等代谢指标的相关性。方法选择新乡市第一人民医院内分泌科2020年1月至2020年12月收治的459例2型糖尿病患者为研究对象。收集患者的临床资料,包括性别、年龄、血清25(OH)D、空腹胰岛素、C肽、HbA1c、空腹血糖、餐后血糖、尿微量白蛋白、尿白蛋白肌酐比值、血钙、血尿酸(UA)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TCH)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)等。根据血清25(OH)D水平将患者分为充足组[n=20,25(OH)D≥30μg·L^(-1)]、不足组[n=95,20μg·L^(-1)≤25(OH)D<30μg·L^(-1)]、缺乏组[n=231,10μg·L^(-1)≤25(OH)D<20μg·L^(-1)]、严重缺乏组[n=113,25(OH)D<10μg·L^(-1)]。比较4组患者各代谢指标的差异,采用Pearson相关分析25(OH)D与各代谢指标的相关性。结果2型糖尿病患者血清25(OH)D水平为3.00~46.59(15.75±0.35)μg·L^(-1),男性患者的血清25(OH)D水平显著高于女性患者(P<0.05)。2型糖尿病患者25(OH)D缺乏的患病率为74.9%(344/459),25(OH)D缺乏主要发生在1、2、3、4、11、12月份。不足组、缺乏组和严重缺乏组患者HbA1c显著高于充足组(P<0.05),缺乏组和严重缺乏组患者HbA1c显著高于不足组(P<0.05);缺乏组和严重缺乏组患者HbA1c比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。充足组与不足组、缺乏组与严重缺乏组患者空腹血糖比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);缺乏组和严重缺乏组患者空腹血糖显著高于充足组、不足组(P<0.05)。充足组、不足组、缺乏组患者空腹胰岛素、尿微量白蛋白、日尿白蛋白总量、尿白蛋白肌酐比值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);严重缺乏组患者空腹胰岛素显著低于充足组、不足组和缺乏组,尿微量白蛋白、日尿白蛋白总量、尿白蛋白肌酐比值显著高于充足组、不足组和缺乏组(P<0.05)。4组患者的稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、血清白蛋白、血肌酐、餐后1 h血糖、餐后2 h血糖、餐后3 h血糖、空腹C肽、餐后1 h C肽、餐后2 h C肽、餐后3 h C肽、TG、TCH、LDL、HDL、血UA、血钙比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,2型糖尿病患者血清25(OH)D水平与HbA1c、尿微量白蛋白、尿白蛋白肌酐比值呈负相关(r=-0.093、-0.166、-0.157,P<0.05),与空腹胰岛素呈正相关(r=0.089,P<0.05)。2型糖尿病患者血清25(OH)D水平与空腹血糖、HOMA-IR、血清白蛋白、血肌酐、餐后1 h血糖、餐后2 h血糖、餐后3 h血糖、空腹C肽、餐后1 h C肽、餐后2 h C肽、餐后3 h C肽、TG、TCH、LDL、HDL、血UA、血钙等无相关性(P>0.05)。结论2型糖尿病患者25(OH)D缺乏与不足普遍存在,女性患者缺乏更明显。2型糖尿病患者25(OH)D水平与空腹胰岛素呈正相关,与HbA1c、尿微量白蛋白、尿白蛋白肌酐比值呈负相关,25(OH)D缺乏的2型糖尿病患者主要分布在1、2、3、4、11、12月份。

血清C肽与糖化血红蛋白联合检验对糖尿病患者辅助诊断的价值

目的探讨血清C肽与糖化血红蛋白诊断糖尿病的价值。方法选取厦门大学附属第一医院杏林分院于2021年1月—2023年12月收治的200例疑似糖尿病患者为研究对象,均检测C肽与糖化血红蛋白水平,以糖耐量试验为金标准,分析两项指标联合的诊断价值。结果糖耐量试验结果显示,200例疑似患者中确诊糖尿病165例,非糖尿病35例;血清C肽联合糖化血红蛋白检查的检出率为83.50%,高于单一指标的72.50%、74.50%。联合诊断糖尿病的准确度、灵敏度、阴性预测值高于单一指标,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论糖尿病诊断时,血清C肽联合糖化血红蛋白可发挥确切价值。

孕晚期血清Hcy、NLR及C肽与妊娠糖尿病患者产后血糖转归的关系

目的 探讨孕晚期血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞计数的比值(NLR)及C肽与妊娠糖尿病(GDM)患者产后血糖转归的关系。方法 选取2020年5月至2022年5月期间于北京丰台医院产科规律产检并住院分娩的,且产前确诊为孕晚期(孕周≥28周)GDM患者共计109例作为研究对象,产后6周根据患者机体血糖代谢功能是否恢复正常,分为异常组(n=35)与正常组(n=74)。收集并比较两组临床资料及实验室指标,以多因素Logistic分析孕晚期血清Hcy、NLR及C肽与GDM患者产后血糖转归的相关性,绘制受试者工作特性曲线(ROC)评估孕晚期血清Hcy、NLR以及C肽联合检测对GDM患者产后血糖转归的预测价值。结果 单因素分析结果显示,两组的孕晚期BMI、TG、血清Hcy、NLR以及C肽水平比较,差异均具有统计学意义(χ^(2)/t=19.141、2.545、6.673、3.822、5.862,P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,孕晚期BMI≥28 kg/m2、孕晚期血清Hcy、NLR以及C肽水平升高均为影响GDM患者产后血糖转归的独立危险因素(P<0.05);ROC曲线显示,血清Hcy、NLR、C肽以及三者联合检测曲线下面积为0.829、0.709、0.828以及0.886。结论 孕晚期血清Hcy、NLR以及C肽均与GDM患者产后血糖转归情况密切相关,且三者联合检测对GDM患者产后血糖转归具备较高预测价值。

参松养心胶囊联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗阵发性心房颤动合并慢性心力衰竭对hs-CRP、BNP、AngⅡ及心功能的影响

目的 探讨参松养心胶囊联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗阵发性心房颤动合并慢性心力衰竭对高敏C反应蛋白(High sensitivity C-reactive protein, hs-CRP)、脑钠肽(Brain natriuretic peptide, BNP)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngiotensinⅡ,AngⅡ)及心功能的影响。方法 选取100例阵发性心房颤动合并慢性心力衰竭患者,随机分为对照组与观察组,每组50例,对照组在常规治疗基础上给予沙库巴曲缬沙坦口服,观察组在常规治疗基础上给予参松养心胶囊联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦口服治疗,疗程6个月。观察血清hs-CRP、BNP、AngⅡ、左心室射血分数(Left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF)、左室收缩末期内径(Left ventricular end systolic diameter, LVESD)、左室舒张末期内径(Left ventricular end diastolic diameter, LVEDD)变化。结果 两组治疗前血清hs-CRP、BNP、AngⅡ比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后下降(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗前LVEF、LVESD、LVEDD比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后LVEF升高(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05),治疗后LVESD、LVEDD下降(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗前阵发性心房颤动发作次数、阵发性心房颤动持续时间、心室率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后下降(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);对照组转为持续性心房颤动、心力衰竭恶化、缺血心源性死亡率分别为20.00%、22.00%、4.00%,观察组分别为4.00%、6.00%、0.00%,转为持续性心房颤动、心力衰竭恶化发生率对照组高于观察组(P<0.05);观察组治疗疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 参松养心胶囊联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗阵发性心房颤动合并慢性心力衰竭有助于促进hs-CRP、BNP、AngⅡ下降,改善患者心功能,改善预后。

血浆NT-proBNP和Cys-C在诊断早产儿支气管肺发育不良合并肺动脉高压中的应用价值

目的:探讨血浆氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)和胱抑素C(Cys-C)在诊断早产儿支气管肺发育不良(BPD)合并肺动脉高压(PH)中的应用价值。方法:选取2021年6月至2022年12月在江西省妇幼保健院NICU住院治疗的BPD早产儿,将其中合并PH的患儿设为试验组(27例),随机选择未合并PH者设为对照组(36例)。收集所有患儿的血浆NT-proBNP和Cys-C水平进行对比分析,并总结血浆NTproBNP和Cys-C水平对BPD合并PH的预测价值。结果:试验组出生后7 d和14 d的血浆NT-proBNP水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.001),而Cys-C水平则显著低于对照组(P<0.001)。通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析显示,出生后14 d血浆NT-proBNP水平预测早产儿BPD合并PH的最佳截断值为357.39 pg/mL,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.958,灵敏度为92.59%,特异度为91.67%,最大约登指数为0.843;出生后7 d Cys-C水平预测早产儿BPD合并PH的最佳截断值为1.41 mg/L,AUC为0.858,灵敏度为77.78%,特异度为87.30%,最大约登指数为0.722。结论:血浆NT-proBNP和Cys-C对于诊断早产儿BPD合并PH具有较高的价值,可作为评估病情严重程度和预测预后的有效指标。

血清C肽与血糖检测结合检验诊断糖尿病的准确性分析

目的分析血清C肽与血糖检测结合检验诊断糖尿病的准确性。方法选取2021年5月—2022年5月福州市第二医院就诊的100例糖尿病患者,纳入到分析组中,另选取同时期就诊的107例健康体检者,纳入到对照组中。对其共同进行糖尿病诊断,分析血清C肽、血糖检测、联合诊断结果。结果分析组患者血清C肽低于对照组,空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白水平均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。经血清C肽检测,阳性102例,阴性105例,其中82例为糖尿病患者;糖化血红蛋白检测出阳性102例,阴性105例,其中80例为糖尿病患者;联合检测方式中阳性102例,阴性105例,其中100例为糖尿病患者。联合检测对糖尿病患者诊断特异度、灵敏度及准确度水平均显著高于单一检测方式,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论血清C肽与血糖检测结合检验诊断糖尿病,利于诊断准确度及诊断效能的提升。

BMI指数与老年CHF患者血浆Cys-C、NT-proBNP相关性及评测预后的可行性研究

目的分析体质量指数(Body mass index,BMI)与老年慢性心力衰竭(Chronic heart failure,CHF)患者血浆胱抑素C(cystatinC,Cys-C)、N末端B型利钠肽原(N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide,NT-proBNP)水平相关性,并分析血浆Cys-C、NT-proBNP评估老年CHF患者预后价值。方法选择2021年7月—2022年10月在本院接受治疗的192例老年慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者作为研究对象,按照BMI指数分为肥胖组(49例)、超重组(68例)和正常组(75例)三组。对比各亚组患者血浆Cys-C、NT-proBNP水平差异,采用Pearson相关性分析的方式探究老年CHF患者BMI指数与血浆Cys-C、NT-proBNP相关性,对入组患者实施12个月随访,将患者按照预后情况区分为死亡组和存活组,对比两亚组患者血浆Cys-C、NT-proBNP水平差异并评估预后评估价值。结果肥胖组患者血浆Cys-C、NT-proBNP水平高于超重组,超重组患者血浆Cys-C、NT-proBNP水平高于正常组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);入组老年CHF患者的BMI指数与其血浆Cys-C、NT-proBN水平均呈现明显的正相关性(r=0.7104,P<0.0001)(r=0.6603,P<0.0001);随访12个月显示,死亡组患者的血浆Cys-C、NT-proBNP水平显著高于存活组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);血浆Cys-C、NT-proBNP对老年CHF预后评估曲线下面积(area under curv,AUC)为0.6930(P=0.0009)、0.7982(P<0.0001)。结论老年CHF患者随BMI指数升高,血浆Cys-C、NT-proBNP水平逐渐升高,血浆Cys-C、NT-proBNP对老年CHF临床结局具有一定的预测价值,进一步研究有推广应用于老年CHF预后评估潜力。

医养结合机构高龄社区获得性肺炎患者预后影响因素分析

目的分析医养机构高龄社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患者的临床特点,并分析与患者预后相关的影响因素。方法纳入2021年1月至2022年3月山东大学第二医院南部院区(济南善德养老院)老年医学科收治的96例年龄≥80岁CAP患者,根据患者6个月时的生存情况分为生存组和死亡组。收集2组患者的基本信息、实验室检查结果,计算英国胸科协会改良肺炎评分(CURB-65评分),比较组间差异,用Logistic回归分析与患者预后相关的影响因素。利用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析相关因素对患者预后的预测价值。结果与生存组相比,死亡组中合并高血压、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病及偏瘫患者的比例,以及C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞计数、D-二聚体、氨基端脑利尿钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、血尿素氮水平和CURB-65评分更高(P均<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示CRP、NT-proBNP与CURB-65评分联合检测患者预后的灵敏度为72.7%、特异度为84.6%,曲线下面积为0.860(95%CI 0.790~0.933)。结论CRP、NT-proBNP以及CURB-65评分与医养机构高龄CAP患者的预后有关。联合检测这3项指标可提高对患者预后的预测价值。

NT-proBNP、D-D、CRP检测在中老年急性脑梗死患者中的临床诊断价值分析

目的 分析氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、D-二聚体(D-D)、C反应蛋白(CRP)检测对中老年急性脑梗死(ACI)患者的诊断价值。方法 选取中老年急性脑梗死患者52例为观察组[根据病灶直径不同分为大面积梗死组(>5 cm)10例、中面积梗死组(≤5 cm,>3 cm)16例、小面积梗死组(≤3 cm,>1.5 cm)26例],另选取健康体检者50例为对照组。观察组及对照组均进行D-D、CRP、NT-proBNP水平检测。比较观察组及对照组的CRP、D-D、NT-proBNP水平,观察组不同脑梗死面积患者的CRP、D-D、NT-proBNP水平。结果观察组CRP、D-D、NT-proBNP水平均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组中,大面积梗死组的NT-proBNP、D-D、CRP水平分别为(3351.70±940.97)pg/ml、(898.43±323.19)ng/ml、(41.79±11.08)mg/L,中面积梗死组的NT-proBNP、D-D、CRP水平分别为(1338.06±345.23)pg/ml、(573.88±312.67)ng/ml、(32.05±11.77)mg/L,小面积梗死组的NT-proBNP、D-D、CRP水平分别为(447.00±195.72)pg/ml、(334.15±229.81)ng/ml、(18.03±10.14)mg/L。大面积梗死组患者的NT-proBNP、D-D、CRP水平均高于中面积梗死组及小面积梗死组,中面积梗死组患者的NT-proBNP、D-D、CRP水平均高于小面积梗死组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 D-D、CRP、NT-proBNP在诊断中老年急性脑梗死患者中存在较高的应用价值。

血清Apelin-13、脂肪酸结合蛋白4水平与绝经后骨质疏松症的相关性研究

目的探讨血清Apelin-13、脂肪酸结合蛋白4(FABP4)水平与不同骨量绝经后女性代谢参数和骨代谢指标的相关性。方法选取145例绝经后女性作为研究对象,根据骨密度(BMD)检测结果分为骨量正常组49例、骨量减少(ON)组51例和骨质疏松(OP)组45例,测定并比较3组血清Apelin-13、FABP4水平和骨代谢指标、生化指标水平。采用Spearman相关分析法分析Apelin-13、FABP4等指标与BMD的相关性,采用多因素Logistic回归分析法分析OP的危险因素,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清Apelin-13对绝经后骨质疏松症(PMOP)的预测价值。结果OP组血清Apelin-13水平低于ON组、骨量正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组血清FABP4水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);OP组血清甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端前肽(PⅠNP)、Ⅰ型胶原交联C端肽(CTXⅠ)、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(BALP)水平高于ON组、骨量正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。绝经后女性腰椎BMD与血清Apelin-13水平呈正相关(P<0.05),与血清FABP4水平无相关性(P>0.05);腰椎BMD与血清PTH、ALP、PⅠNP、CTXⅠ、BALP和年龄呈负相关(P<0.05),与体质量、体质量指数、T值、空腹胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数呈正相关(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,血清Apelin-13、PTH、ALP、PⅠNP、CTXⅠ、BALP水平均为绝经后女性发生OP的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示,血清Apelin-13预测PMOP的最佳临界值为18.51 pg/mL,曲线下面积为0.716,敏感度为70.0%,特异度为64.4%。结论Apelin-13在PMOP患者血清中呈低表达,且其表达水平与腰椎BMD密切相关,或可作为PMOP的早期筛查指标和潜在治疗靶点。