Diagnostic significance of serum levels of serum amyloid A,procalcitonin,and high-mobility group box 1 in identifying necrotising enterocolitis in newborns

BACKGROUND Necrotising enterocolitis(NEC)is a critical gastrointestinal emergency affecting premature and low-birth-weight neonates.Serum amyloid A(SAA),procalcitonin(PCT),and high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1)have emerged as potential biomarkers for NEC due to their roles in inflammatory response,tissue damage,and immune regulation.AIM To evaluate the diagnostic value of SAA,PCT,and HMGB1 in the context of NEC in newborns.METHODS The study retrospectively analysed the clinical data of 48 newborns diagnosed with NEC and 50 healthy newborns admitted to the hospital.Clinical,radiological,and laboratory findings,including serum SAA,PCT,and HMGB1 Levels,were collected,and specific detection methods were used.The diagnostic value of the biomarkers was evaluated through statistical analysis,which was performed using chi-square test,t-test,correlation analysis,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis.RESULTS The study demonstrated significantly elevated levels of serum SAA,PCT,and HMGB1 Levels in newborns diagnosed with NEC compared with healthy controls.The correlation analysis indicated strong positive correlations among serum SAA,PCT,and HMGB1 Levels and the presence of NEC.ROC analysis revealed promising sensitivity and specificity for serum SAA,PCT,and HMGB1 Levels as potential diagnostic markers.The combined model of the three biomarkers demonstrating an extremely high area under the curve(0.908).CONCLUSION The diagnostic value of serum SAA,PCT,and HMGB1 Levels in NEC was highlighted.These biomarkers potentially improve the early detection,risk stratification,and clinical management of critical conditions.The findings suggest that these biomarkers may aid in timely intervention and the enhancement of outcomes for neonates affected by NEC.

The prognostic value of serum C-reactive protein-bound serum amyloid A in early-stage lung cancer

Background:Elevated levels of serum C-reactive protein(CRP) have been reported to have prognostic significance in lung cancer patients.This study aimed to further identify CRP-bound components as prognostic markers for lung cancer and validate their prognostic value.Methods:CRP-bound components obtained from the serum samples from lung cancer patients or healthy controls were analyzed by differential proteomics analysis.CRP-bound serum amyloid A(CRP-SAA) was evaluated by coimmunoprecipitation(IP).Serum samples from two independent cohorts with lung cancer(retrospective cohort,242patients;prospective cohort,222 patients) and healthy controls(159 subjects) were used to evaluate the prognostic value of CRP-SAA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:CRP-SAA was identified specifically in serum samples from lung cancer patients by proteomic analysis.CRP binding to SAA was confirmed by co-IP in serum samples from lung cancer patients and cell culture media.The level of CRP-SAA was significantly higher in patients than in healthy controls(0.37 ± 0.58 vs.0.03 ± 0.04,P < 0.001).Elevated CRP-SAA levels were significantly associated with severe clinical features of lung cancer.The elevation of CRPSAA was associated with lower survival rates for both the retrospective(hazard ration[HR]= 2.181,95%confidence interval[CI]= 1.641-2.897,P < 0.001) and the prospective cohorts(HR = 2.744,95%CI = 1.810-4.161,P < 0.001).Multivariate Cox analysis showed that CRP-SAA was an independent prognostic marker for lung cancer.Remarkably,in stages l-ll patients,only CRP-SAA,not total SAA or CRP,showed significant association with overall survival in two cohorts.Moreover,univariate and multivariate Cox analyses also showed that only CRP-SAA could be used as an independent prognostic marker for early-stage lung cancer patients.Conclusion:CRP-SAA could be a better prognostic marker for lung cancer than total SAA or CRP,especially in earlystage patients.

Comparative evaluation of acute phase proteins by C-reactive protein(CRP)and serum amyloid A(SAA)in nonhuman primates and feline carnivores

The feasibility of a commercially available assay for C-reactive protein(CRP,CRP for humans:hCRP,and CRP for dogs:vCRP)and a trial reagent of serum amyloid A(SAA,vSAA for animals)were applied to the measurement of acute phase proteins in zoo animals,particularly in nonhuman primates and feline carnivores was evaluate.Results showed that hCRP and vSAA methods were applicable to measure CRP and SAA in Haplorhini.There was a highly signifcant correlation between both parameters with remarkably high correlation coefcient.A higher proportion of Bonnet macaques in Haplorhini,and the linear regression with good correlation between hCRP and vSAA levels were observed.Reference values in healthy Bonnet macaques were hCRP(46.86±30.97 nmol/L)and vSAA(9.06±1.95μg/mL).Although Ring-tailed lemur,which belonging to Strepsirrhini,showed low vSAA concentrations(reference values:1.08±0.47μg/mL),vSAA in patients was apparently elevated.The vCRP and vSAA methods were applicable to measurements of CRP and SAA in feline carnivores for highly signifcant correlation between both parameters.Theses two methods were also been deteded in lions,tigers and cheetahs.vSAA assays can be applied to measure SAA levels in other carnivores and herbivores.In conclusion,vSAA systems have potential utility as diagnostic tools for health screening and prediction in zoo animals.

Correlation of Serum C-Reactive Protein with Disease Severity in Tuberculosis Patients

Purpose: To study the factors influencing sputum smear conversion including Serum C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and its correlation with disease severity in tuberculosis patients. Method: Levels of Serum-CRP concentrations were deter-mined in 60 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, 30 healthy volunteers and patients in follow-up after completion of antitubercular treatment (DOTS therapy). Results: Serum-CRP levels were found to be significantly higher in smear-positive group as compared with the follow-up patients and smear-negative control group. The values were 43.65 ± 23.68, 9.88 ± 5.23 and 4.04 ± 3.85 mg/L respectively (P Conclusion: Serum-CRP levels are significantly correlated with disease severity in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Thus these findings from the present study would certainly add new criteria for early diagnosis of TB, which may lead to development of new strategies to treat TB.

Effect of Chaiqinchengqi decoction on serum amyloid A in severe acute pancreatitis patients

Objective:To investigate the effect of Chaiqinchengqi decoction(CQCQD) on serum amyloid A (SAA) in severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) patients.Methods:Thirty-five participants enrolled and were randomly assigned into either a treatment condition(n=17,treated with CQCQD) or a control condition(n=18,treated with placebo) 24 hours following the onset of the disease. No statistical difference was observed in either group at baseline.Upon admission,the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation scoreⅡ(APACHEⅡ),SAA,serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6(IL-6) were measured,as well as on the first,3rd and 7lh day and were compared between the two groups.Organ complications,infection,operation rate,mortality and hospital stay were also compared.Results:The duration of acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute hepatitis,acute renal failure,gastrointestinal failure and blood coagulation dysfunction were shorter in the treatment group than in those in the control group(P【0.05).The secondary infection rates and the hospital fees in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group(P【0.05) as well as length of hospital stay(P【0.01).After 3 days of hospitalization,the APACHEⅡ,score SAA levels,serum CRP and IL-6 in the treatment group was lower than those in the control group(P【0.05).SAA was positively correlated with serum CRP(R = 0.346,P = 0.042),Ranson score(R = 0.442,P = 0.008) and serum IL-6(R=0.359,P =0.034).The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of admission SAA predict pancreatic necrosis(PN) was 0.815(95%CI:0.625-0.954;P =0.006).The best cut-off value of admission SAA was 7.85 mg/L with the sensitivity 84.6%and specificity 68.2%.Conclusions:The CQCQD can reduce the duration of organ damage through lowering the SAA in SAP patients and the SAA can early predict the PN and severity of SAP patients.

Serum Amyloid A Protein: A Potential Biomarker Correlated With Clinical Stage of Lung Cancer

Objective To identify serum diagnosis or progression biomarkers in patients with lung cancer using protein chip profiling analysis. Method Profiling analysis was performed on 450 sera collected from 213 patients with lung cancer, 19 with pneumonia, 16 with pulmonary tuberculosis, 65 with laryngeal carcinoma, 55 with laryngopharyngeal carcinoma patients, and 82 normal individuals. A new strategy was developed to identify the biomarkers on chip by trypsin pre-digestion. Results Profiling analysis demonstrated that an 11.6kDa protein was significandy elevated in lung cancer patients, compared with the control groups （P〈0.001）. The level and percentage of 11.6kDa protein progressively increased with the clinical stages Ⅰ-Ⅳ and were also higher in patients with squamous cell carcinoma than in other subtypes. This biomarker could be decreased after operation or chemotherapy. On the other hand, 11.6kDa protein was also increased in 50% benign diseases of lung and 13% of other cancer controls. After trypsin pre-digestion, a set of new peptide biomarkers was noticed to appear only in the samples containing a 11.6kDa peak. Further identification showed that 2177Da was a fragment of serum amyloid A （SAA, MW 11.6kDa）. Two of the new peaks, 1550Da and 1611Da, were defined from the same protein by database searching. This result was further confirmed by partial purification of 11.6kDa protein and MS analysis. Conclusion SAA is a useful biomarker to monitor the progression of lung cancer and can directly identify some biomarkers on chip.

Serum amyloid A levels in patients with liver diseases

BACKGROUND Serum amyloid A(SAA)is an acute phase protein mainly synthesized by the liver.SAA induces inflammatory phenotype and promotes cell proliferation in activated hepatic stellate cells,the major scar forming cells in the liver.However,few studies have reported on the serum levels of SAA in human liver disease and its clinical significance in various liver diseases.AIM To investigate the serum levels of SAA in patients with different liver diseases and analyze the factors associated with the alteration of SAA levels in chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients.METHODS Two hundred and seventy-eight patients with different liver diseases and 117 healthy controls were included in this study.The patients included 205 with CHB,22 with active autoimmune liver disease(AILD),21 with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),14 with drug-induced liver injury(DILI),and 16 with pyogenic liver abscess.Serum levels of SAA and other clinical parameters were collected for the analysis of the factors associated with SAA level.Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the serum SAA levels of patients with various liver diseases with those of healthy controls.Bonferroni test was applied for post hoc comparisons to control the probability of type 1 error(alpha=0.05/6=0.008).For statistical tests of other variables,P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Statistically significant factors determined by single factor analysis were further analyzed by binary multivariate logistic regression analysis.RESULTS All patients with active liver diseases had higher serum SAA levels than healthy controls and the inactive CHB patients,with the highest SAA level found in patients with pyogenic liver abscess(398.4±246.8 mg/L).Patients with active AILD(19.73±24.81 mg/L)or DILI(8.036±5.685 mg/L)showed higher SAA levels than those with active CHB(6.621±6.776 mg/L)and NASH(6.624±4.891 mg/L).Single(P<0.001)and multivariate logistic regression analyses(P=0.039)for the CHB patients suggested that patients with active CHB were associated with an SAA serum level higher than 6.4 mg/L.Serum levels of SAA and CRP(C-reactive protein)were positively correlated in patients with CHB(P<0.001),pyogenic liver abscess(P=0.045),and active AILD(P=0.02).Serum levels of SAA(0.80-871.0 mg/L)had a broader fluctuation range than CRP(0.30-271.3 mg/L).CONCLUSION Serum level of SAA is a sensitive biomarker for inflammatory activity of pyogenic liver abscess.It may also be a weak marker reflecting milder inflammatory status in the liver of patients with CHB and other active liver diseases.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic findings of serum amyloid A-positive hepatocellular neoplasm: Does hepatocellular adenoma arise in cirrhotic liver?

Hepatocellular adenoma(HCA) was recently classified into four pathological subtypes. There have been few studies describing the findings of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS) of each type. Our case concerns a 78-year-old man who had undergone routine medical check-ups for hepatitis C for 11 years. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a 28 mm, hypo-echoic mass in the segment 4 of the liver. His integrating amount of drinking was 670 kg convert into ethanol. CEUS with Sonazoid demonstrated mild uniform hypo-enhancement with inflow of microbubbles from the periphery of the tumor in the arterial phase, and heterogeneously hypo-enhancement in the post vascular phase. Because the mass increased in size within 3 mo, a well differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma was suspected, and hepatic resection was performed. Microscopic findings showed homogeneous cell proliferation with low grade atypia, infiltration of inflammatory cells, ductular reactions, fatty deposit in part, and sinusoidal dilation. Immunohistochemistry revealed geographic positive for serum amyloid A(SAA), focal positive for glutaminesynthetase, diffuse and strong positive for C-reactive protein, and positive for liver-type fatty acid binding protein. These pathological features corresponded to that of an inflammatory HCA. However, we could not make a clear diagnosis, because HCAs were defined as not to arise in cirrhotic liver. Finally, this tumor was diagnosed as a SAA positive hepatocellular neoplasm.

Decrease in Serum Amyloid a Protein Levels Following Three-month Stays in Negatively Charged Particle-dominant Indoor Air Conditions

Objective The changes in serum adipokines and cytokines related to oxidative stress were examined during 3 months ‘Off to On’ and ‘On to Off’ periods using negatively charged particle-dominant indoor air conditions（NCPDIAC）.Methods Seven volunteers participated in the study,which included ‘OFF to 3 months ON’ periods（ON trials） for a total of 16 times,and ‘ON to 3 months OFF’（OFF trials） periods for a total of 13 times.Results With the exception of one case,serum amyloid A（SAA） levels decreased significantly during the ON trials.Conclusion Considering that SAA is an acute phase reactive protein such as C reactive protein（CRP）,this observed decrease might indicate the prevention of cardiovascular and atherosclerotic changes,since an increase in high-sensitive CRP is associated with the subsequent detection of these events.

Immune infiltration-associated serum amyloid A1 predicts favorable prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND Serum amyloid A1(SAA1)is an acute-phase protein involved in acute or chronic hepatitis.Its function is still controversial.In addition,the effect of the expression of SAA1 and its molecular function on the progression in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is still unclear.AIM To demonstrate the expression of SAA1 and its effect on the prognosis in HCC and explain further the correlation of SAA1 and immunity pathways.METHODS SAA1 expression in HCC was conducted with The Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma(TCGA-LIHC)in GEPIA tool,and the survival analysis based on the SAA1 expression level was achieved in the Kaplan-Meier portal.The high or low expression group was then drawn based on the median level of SAA1 expression.The correlation of SAA1 and the clinical features were conducted in the UALCAN web-based portal with TCGA-LIHC,including tumor grade,patient disease stage,and the TP53 mutation.The correlation analysis between SAA1 expression and TP53 mutation was subjected to the TCGA portal.The tumor purity score and the immune score were analyzed with CIBERSORT.The correlation of SAA1 expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was achieved in TISIDB web-based integrated repository portal for tumor-immune system interactions.GSE125336 dataset was used to test the SAA1 expression in the responsive or resistant group with anti-PD1 therapy.Gene set enrichment analysis was applied to evaluate the gene enrichment signaling pathway in HCC.The similar genes of SAA1 in HCC were identified in GEPIA,and the proteinprotein interaction of SAA1 was conducted in the Metascape tool.The expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2,C-C motif chemokine ligand 23,and complement C5a receptor 1 was studied and overall survival analysis in HCC was conducted in GEPIA and Kaplan-Meier portal,respectively.RESULTS SAA1 expression was decreased in HCC,and lower SAA1 expression predicted poorer overall survival,progression-free survival,and disease-specific survival.Furthermore,SAA1 expression was further decreased with increased tumor grade and patient disease stage.Also,SAA1 expression was further downregulated in patients with TP53 mutation compared with patients with wild type TP53.SAA1 expression was negatively correlated with the TP53 mutation.Lower SAA1 predicted poorer survival rate,especially in the patients with no hepatitis virus infection,other than those with hepatitis virus infection.Moreover,the SAA1 expression was negatively correlated with tumor purity.In contrast,SAA1 expression was positively correlated with the immune score in HCC,and the correlation analysis between SAA1 expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes also showed a positive correlation in HCC.Decreased SAA1 was closely associated with the immune tolerance of HCC.C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 and C-C motif chemokine ligand 23 genes were identified as the hub genes associated with SAA1,which could also serve as favorable prognosis markers for HCC.CONCLUSION SAA1 is downregulated in the liver tumor,and it is closely involved in the progression of HCC.Lower SAA1 expression indicates lower survival rate,especially for those patients without hepatitis virus infection.Lower SAA1 expression also suggests lower immune infiltrating cells,especially for those with immune cells exerting anti-tumor immune function.SAA1 expression is closely associated with the anti-tumor immune pathways.

小儿流感病毒感染后C反应蛋白和Serum amyloid A变化的比较

目前，作为急性期反应蛋白的C反应蛋白（CRP）已经在临床中被广泛测定，但其在病毒性感染中升高不明显。2007年即使在病毒感染中也显著升高的Serum amyloid A（SAA）成为关注的热点。我们对小儿感染流感病毒后C反应蛋白和Serum amyloid A的变化进行了测定，并对SAA作为流感病毒感染标志物的有用性作了探讨。由于A型流感病毒和B型流感病毒的抗原性不同，临床症状也不尽相同，所以我们对不同亚型流感病毒A和B之间C反应蛋白和Serum amyloid A值的变化情况也作了比较。

Serum amyloid A and pairing formyl peptide receptor 2 are expressed in corneas and involved in inflammation-mediated neovascularization

AIM:To solidify the involvement of Saa-related pathway in corneal neovascularization(CorNV).The pathogenesis of inflammatory CorNV is not fully understood yet,and our previous study implicated that serum amyloid A(Saa)1(Saa1)and Saa3 were among the genes up-regulated upon CorNV induction in mice.METHODS:Microarray data obtained during our profiling project on CorNV were analyzed for the genes encoding the four SAA family members(Saa1-4),six reported SAA receptors(formyl peptide receptor 2,Tlr2,Tlr4,Cd36,Scarb1,P2rx7)and seven matrix metallopeptidases(Mmp)1a,1b,2,3,9,10,13reportedly to be expressed upon SAA pathway activation.The baseline expression or changes of interested genes were further confirmed in animals with CorNV using molecular or histological methods.CorNV was induced in Balb/c and C57BL/6 mice by placing either three interrupted 10-0 sutures or a 2 mm filter paper soaked with sodium hydroxide in the central area of the cornea.At desired time points,the corneas were harvested for histology examination or for extraction of mRNA and protein.The mRNA levels of Saa1,Saa3,Fpr2,Mmp2and Mmp3 in corneas were detected using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR,and SAA3 protein in tissues detected using immunohistochemistry or western blotting.RESULTS:Microarray data analysis revealed that Saa1,Saa3,Fpr2,Mmp2,Mmp3 messengers were readily detected in normal corneas and significantly upregulated upon CorNV induction.The changes of these five genes were confirmed with real-time PCR assay.Onthe contrary,other SAA members(Saa2,Saa4),other SAA receptors(Tlr2,Tlr4,Cd36,P2rx7,etc),or other Mmps(Mmp1a,Mmp1b,Mmp9,Mmp10,Mmp13)did not show consistent changes.Immunohistochemistry study and western blotting further confirmed the expression of SAA3 products in normal corneas as well as their upregulation in corneas with CorNV.CONCLUSION:SAA-FPR2 pathway composing genes were expressed in normal murine corneas and,upon inflammatory stimuli challenge to the corneas,their expressions were up-regulated,suggesting their roles in pathogenesis of CorNV.The potential usefulness of SAA-FPR2 targets in future management of CorNVrelated diseases deserves investigation.

Roles of Serum Amyloid A 1 Protein Isoforms in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Secondary amyloid A amyloidosis,a lethal complication,is induced when acute or chronic infection coexists with over-secretion of the serum amyloid A 1(SAA1)protein and deposition in key internal organs.Previously,using the whole-exome sequencing method,we identified a novel deleterious mutation SAA1.2 in rheumatoid arthritis(RA)patients.However,the role of SAA1 in RA pathogenesis and its complications remains unknown.The purpose of this study was to determine the pathogenetic roles of SAA1 protein isoforms in RA progression.We modified an experimental adenovirus infection protocol to introduce SAA1.2 gene alleles into the knee joints of mice and used SAA1.3 and SAA1.5 as controls.Microcomputed tomography analysis was applied to determine changes in bone morphology and density.Immunohistochemical(IHC)analysis,flow cytometry,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)were used to investigate disease progression and cytokine alterations in the course of adenoviral SAA-induced knee joint inflammation and bone destruction.We found that the arthritis-inducing effect of SAA1.2 transcription in the knee joints and mutant SAA1 protein secretion in blood resulted in the stimulation of immune responses,leading to CD8^(+)T cell and pro-inflammatory cytokine elevation,such as interleukin(IL)-6,IL-22,matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-3,MMP-9,with subsequent synovial inflammation and bone destruction.These findings indicate that SAA1 protein isoforms,particularly SAA1.2,play a significant role in the induction and progression of RA and may have potential value in the early diagnosis and severity prediction of RA.

Factors Influencing Serum Amyloid Type A (Saa) Concentrations in Horses

The acute phase response (APR) is the reaction that occurs in animals in response to disturbances in hemostasis following tissue damage. In horses, the APR is manifested in a variety of pathological processes of various origins, such as infections caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, arthritis, burns, chemicals, trauma surgery and stress. Acute phase proteins (APPs) are considered those proteins that modify its plasma concentration at least 25% in inflammatory and infectious processes. In adult horses, various respiratory inflammatory processes, gastrointestinal tract, reproductive organs and musculoskeletal system are accompanied by increased levels of a specific APP, so-called serum amyloid type A (SAA). SAA is the most important major APP in the horse. This paper provides a review of physiological factors affecting SAA levels and their role in horses in defense of natural mechanisms, the pathways involved and their material components.

The diagnostic value of transient elastography combined with serum SAA and IL-6 in the degree of hepatitis B liver fibrosis

Objective:To investigat the diagnostic value of transient elastography combined with serum amyloid A and interleukin-6 in the degree of hepatitis B liver fibrosis.Methods:A total of 334 patients with chronic HBV infection that were admitted to the Department of Infectious Diseases of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College from January 2020 to May 2022 with informed consent and underwent liver biopsy puncture were selected.According to the pathological results,they were divided into no obvious fibrosis group,obvious fibrosis group and liver cirrhosis group.Comparison of liver stiffness measurement(LSM),serum amyloid A(SAA0,IL-6 levels between different groups.This study drawed was conducted draw the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve of each index to diagnose significant liver fibrosis and liver cirrhosis,and compared the area under the ROC curve(AUC)and diagnostic efficacy of each non-invasive fibrosis diagnostic model.The diagnostic performance of the combined assay was superior to that of APRI and FIB-4 In different degrees of liver fibrosis.Results:According to the degree of liver fibrosis,the levels of SAA,IL-6,and LSM in the no significant fibrosis group(n=140),the significant fibrosis group(n=134),and the cirrhosis group(n=60)were statistically significant difference(All P<0.001).SAA,IL-6 and LSM were significantly correlated with the degree of liver fibrosis(rs=0.456,rs=0.482,rs=0.602,All P<0.001).The AUC of SAA and IL-6 for the diagnosis of significant fibrosis in hepatitis B were 0.738 and 0.809,respectively.And the AUC for the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis were 0.813 and 0.823,respectively.The AUC for the combined diagnosis of significant fibrosis and cirrhosis were 0.930 and 0.964,respectively.The diagnostic performance of the combined assay was superior to that of APRI and FIB-4 in different degrees of liver fibrosis(All P<0.001).Conclusion:LSM combined with serum SAA and IL-6 has great diagnostic value for different degrees of hepatitis B liver fibrosis.

血清淀粉样蛋白A在新生儿败血症、坏死性小肠结肠炎早期诊断中的价值

新生儿早/晚发型败血症(EOS/LOS)、坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)是新生儿期常见疾病,严重病例预后不良。因早期临床表现不特异、诊断较困难,现非特异性实验室检查(C反应蛋白,降钙素原等)尚存缺点,可能导致漏诊误诊。血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)是一种新型急性期反应物,其在EOS/LOS、NEC早期即明显升高、持续时间久,与疾病严重程度相关、且能反映治疗效果,可作为这两种疾病诊治的生物标记物。本文就SAA及其在EOS/LOS、NEC早期诊断中的价值进行综述,为该类疾病诊治提供新的参考。

维持性血液透析患者血清SAA、YKL-40、HBP与透析导管相关性感染及预后的相关性分析

目的探讨维持性血液透析(MHD)患者血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)、几丁质酶3样蛋白1(YKL-40)、肝素结合蛋白(HBP)与透析导管相关性感染及预后的相关性。方法选取2020年1月至2022年10月河南南阳市第二人民医院收治的124例维持性血液透析患者为研究对象。根据患者是否发生透析导管相关感染分为感染组(28例)及非感染组(96例),比较两组血清SAA、YKL-40、HBP水平;根据治疗30 d后随访情况分为预后良好组(104例)及预后不良组(20例),分析影响MHD患者预后的独立影响因素,分析血清SAA、YKL-40、HBP单一及联合检测对MHD患者预后情况的预测价值。结果感染组患者血清SAA、YKL-40、HBP水平均高于非感染组,差异有统计学意义(t=56.461、7.902、42.037,P<0.05);预后良好组患者C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、降钙素原(PCT)、血肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、SAA、YKL-40、HBP水平低于预后不良组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.668、23.009、17.639、6.656、13.821、45.366、7.849、43.443,P<0.05);Logistic分析显示,CRP、TNF-α、PCT、Scr、BUN、SAA、YKL-40、HBP是MHD患者预后不良的危险因素(P<0.05);血清SAA、YKL-40、HBP单一及联合预测MHD患者预后AUC分别0.894、0.749、0.818、0.964,联合预测优于单一预测(P<0.05)。结论MHD合并透析导管相关性感染患者血清SAA、YKL-40、HBP水平较无合并感染患者升高,血清SAA、YKL-40、HBP联合检测对MHD患者预后情况具有良好的预测价值。

LXA4、SAA、ECP水平预测咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿预后的价值

目的探讨咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)患儿血清脂氧素A4(LXA4)、淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)、嗜酸性细胞阳离子蛋白(ECP)水平预测咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿预后的价值,以期为临床治疗提供参考。方法本研究选取2020年1月—2023年10月在延安市人民医院就诊的114例CVA患儿为观察组;选取同期健康体检82例儿童为对照组。比较2组研究对象LXA4、SAA、ECP水平及呼气峰值流速(PEF)、呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)。利用Pearson相关分析患儿LXA4、SAA、ECP水平与PEF、FeNO相关性。依据患儿预后将患儿分为预后良好组(n=80)与预后不良组(n=34)。比较2组患儿LXA4、SAA、ECP与PEF、FeNO水平。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清LXA4、SAA、ECP水平对患儿预后的预测效能。结果观察组患儿LXA4、SAA、ECP及FeNO水平高于对照组研究对象,PEF低于对照组研究对象,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示:CVA患儿血清LXA4、SAA、ECP水平与PEF呈负相关,与FeNO呈正相关(P<0.05)。预后良好组患儿LXA4、SAA、ECP及FeNO水平均低于预后不良组,PEF高于预后不良组(P<0.05)。绘制LXA4、SAA、ECP水平预测CVA患儿预后的ROC曲线,计算曲线下面积(AUC),结果显示:LXA4、SAA、ECP水平对CVA患儿预后具有较高的预测价值(AUC>0.7)。结论CVA患儿存在血清LXA4、SAA、ECP及FeNO水平增高,PEF下降的现象。血清LXA4、SAA、ECP水平对患儿预后具有较高的预测价值,可评估患儿的疾病严重程度。

老年2型糖尿病患者血清同型半胱氨酸、血清淀粉样蛋白A、S100β水平与颈动脉斑块稳定性的关系

目的探讨老年2型糖尿病患者血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)、S100β水平与颈动脉斑块稳定性的关系。方法选取2021年6月至2023年6月德阳市人民医院收治的186例老年2型糖尿病患者为病例组,同期体检的186例健康者为对照组,根据斑块情况将病例组患者分为不稳定斑块组57例,稳定斑块组32例,无斑块组97例。回顾性分析受试者血清Hcy、SAA、S100β水平及不稳定斑块组、稳定斑块组、无斑块组的临床资料。采用Spearman法分析老年2型糖尿病患者血清Hcy、SAA、S100β水平与颈动脉斑块稳定性的相关性,Logistic回归模型分析老年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉斑块稳定性的影响因素,ROC曲线分析Hcy、SAA、S100β评估老年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉不稳定斑块的效能。结果病例组患者血清Hcy、SAA、S100β水平高于对照组(t=28.737、40.946、57.982,P<0.05);不稳定斑块组、稳定斑块组、无斑块组三组间糖尿病病程、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、Hcy、SAA、S100β差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);老年2型糖尿病患者血清Hcy、SAA、S100β水平均与颈动脉斑块的不稳定性呈正相关(r=0.802、0.669、0.745,P<0.01);糖尿病病程、糖化血红蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、Hcy、SAA、S100β是老年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉不稳定斑块的危险因素(OR=1.384、1.582、2.147、2.560、2.309、3.728,P<0.05);Hcy、SAA、S100β均可评估老年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉不稳定斑块,三项联合评估的效能优于单项评估(Z=2.217、1.995、1.986,P<0.05)。结论老年2型糖尿病患者血清Hcy、SAA、S100β水平与颈动脉斑块稳定性相关,三项联合评估颈动脉不稳定斑块的效能优于单项评估。

蝮蛇咬伤对中性粒细胞NETs和炎症损伤影响的临床研究

目的探讨蝮蛇咬伤后中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(neutrophil extracellular traps,NETs)标志物嗜中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(neutrophil elastase,NE)以及细胞游离DNA(cell free DNA,cf-DNA)变化和与炎症标志物及组织损伤标志物的相关性。方法选取2021年9月—2022年12月杭州市中医院皮肤科收治的蝮蛇咬伤患者作为研究对象,研究包括36例蝮蛇咬伤患者,20例健康体检者;比较两组中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞计数、嗜中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(neutrophil elastase,NE)、细胞游离DNA(cell free DNA,cf-DNA)、血清淀粉样蛋白A(serum amyloid A,SAA)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、中性粒细胞淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,NLR)、肌酸激酶(creatine kinase,CK)、肌酸肌酶同工酶(creatine kinase-MB,CKMB)、天门冬氨酸转氨酶(aspartic transaminase,AST)和乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)水平,计算Pearson相关系数并利用Python软件编写代码绘制热力图、箱线图,分析中性粒细胞计数与NETs标志物、炎症标志物和组织损伤标志物之间的相关性。结果蝮蛇咬伤后中性粒细胞计数升高,NETs标志物NE、cf-DNA升高,CRP、SAA、NLR、AST升高,淋巴细胞计数降低。蝮蛇咬伤后中性粒细胞数值与NE酶、cf-DNA血清含量呈正相关,而与炎标志物CRP和SAA之间没有明显相关性;而CRP与SAA、CKMB与LDH强正相关,CK与NE、SAA与NE之间呈正相关,淋巴细胞数与NLR呈负相关。结论蝮蛇咬伤可能引起NETs水平上升,促进炎症加重和组织损伤。