Partial substitution of chemical fertilizers by organic amendments is adopted widely for promoting the availability of soil phosphorus(P)in agricultural production.However,few studies have comprehensively evaluated th...Partial substitution of chemical fertilizers by organic amendments is adopted widely for promoting the availability of soil phosphorus(P)in agricultural production.However,few studies have comprehensively evaluated the effects of longterm organic substitution on soil P availability and microbial activity in greenhouse vegetable fields.A 10-year(2009–2019)field experiment was carried out to investigate the impacts of organic fertilizer substitution on soil P pools,phosphatase activities and the microbial community,and identify factors that regulate these soil P transformation characteristics.Four treatments included 100%chemical N fertilizer(4 CN),50%substitution of chemical N by manure(2 CN+2 MN),straw(2 CN+2 SN),and combined manure with straw(2 CN+1 MN+1 SN).Compared with the 4 CN treatment,organic substitution treatments increased celery and tomato yields by 6.9-13.8%and 8.6-18.1%,respectively,with the highest yields being in the 2 CN+1 MN+1 SN treatment.After 10 years of fertilization,organic substitution treatments reduced total P and inorganic P accumulation,increased the concentrations of available P,organic P,and microbial biomass P,and promoted phosphatase activities(alkaline and acid phosphomonoesterase,phosphodiesterase,and phytase)and microbial growth in comparison with the 4 CN treatment.Further,organic substitution treatments significantly increased soil C/P,and the partial least squares path model(PLS-PM)revealed that the soil C/P ratio directly and significantly affected phosphatase activities and the microbial biomass and positively influenced soil P pools and vegetable yield.Partial least squares(PLS)regression demonstrated that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi positively affected phosphatase activities.Our results suggest that organic fertilizer substitution can promote soil P transformation and availability.Combining manure with straw was more effective than applying these materials separately for developing sustainable P management practices.展开更多
The Varzaghan district at the northwestern margin of the Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic arc, is considered a promising area for the exploration of porphyry Cu deposits in Iran. In this study we identified mono-and multi-el...The Varzaghan district at the northwestern margin of the Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic arc, is considered a promising area for the exploration of porphyry Cu deposits in Iran. In this study we identified mono-and multi-element geochemical anomalies associated with Cu–Au–Mo–Bi mineralization in the central parts of the Varzaghan district by applying the concentration–area fractal method. After mono-element geochemical investigations, principal component analysis was applied to ten selected elements in order to acquire a multi-element geochemical signature based on the mineralization-related component. Quantitative comparisons of the obtained fractal-based populations were carried out in accordance with known Cu occurrences using Student's t-values. Then,significant mono-and multi-element geochemical layers were separately combined with related geologic and structural layers to generate prospectivity models, using the fuzzy GAMMA approach. For quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of different geochemical signatures in final prospectivity models, a prediction-area plot was adapted. The results show that the multi-element geochemical signature of principal component one(PC1) is more effective than mono-element layers in delimiting exploration targets related to porphyry Cu deposits.展开更多
Carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)are of fundamental importance for growth and nutrient dynamics within plant organs and deserve more attention at regional to global scales.However,our knowledge of how these nutr...Carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)are of fundamental importance for growth and nutrient dynamics within plant organs and deserve more attention at regional to global scales.However,our knowledge of how these nutrients vary with tree size,organ age,or root order at the individual level remains limited.We determined C,N,and P contents and their stoichiometric ratios(i.e.,nutrient traits)in needles,branches,and fine roots at different organ ages(0-3-year-old needles and branches)and root orders(1st-4th order roots)from 64 Pinus koraiensis of varying size(Diameter at breast height ranged from 0.3 to 100 cm)in northeast China.Soil factors were also measured.The results show that nutrient traits were regulated by tree size,organ age,or root order rather than soil factors.At a whole-plant level,nutrient traits decreased in needles and fine roots but increased in branches with tree size.At the organ level,age or root order had a negative effect on C,N,and P and a positive effect on stoichiometric ratios.Our results demonstrate that nutrient variations are closely related to organ-specific functions and ecophysiological processes at an individual level.It is suggested that the nutrient acquisition strategy by younger trees and organ fractions with higher nutrient content is for survival.Conversely,nutrient storage strategy in older trees and organ fractions are mainly for steady growth.Our results clarified the nutrient utilization strategies during tree and organ ontogeny and suggest that tree size and organ age or root order should be simultaneously considered to understand the complexities of nutrient variations.展开更多
以河南封丘潮土养分平衡长期定位试验地为研究对象,于各季节分别采集耕作层土壤样品,比较不同施肥处理潮土芽胞杆菌数量及其占细菌总数的比例,并解析其与土壤养分之间的关系。结果发现,与不施肥对照相比,长期施肥尤其是施用有机肥和磷...以河南封丘潮土养分平衡长期定位试验地为研究对象,于各季节分别采集耕作层土壤样品,比较不同施肥处理潮土芽胞杆菌数量及其占细菌总数的比例,并解析其与土壤养分之间的关系。结果发现,与不施肥对照相比,长期施肥尤其是施用有机肥和磷肥的处理土壤有机碳与速效氮、有效磷、速效钾等的含量趋于升高,除不施磷肥处理(NK)外其他施肥处理土壤有机碳含量在四季的增幅范围为0.91～7.00 g kg-1。长期不同施肥后土壤细菌与芽胞杆菌在数量上也发生了明显分异,且在各季均呈现稳定的梯度规律,即施肥处理(除NK外)显著高于不施肥处理、施有机肥处理显著高于施化肥处理、平衡施化肥处理高于缺素施肥处理,除NK外其他施肥处理与不施肥对照相比在四季的增幅范围为0.02～0.54 lg(CFU g-1)。长期施化肥的处理芽胞杆菌占细菌数量的比例(即优势度)在冬、夏季高于春、秋季,而施有机肥的处理在不同季节保持相对恒定。相关性分析显示,芽胞杆菌数量与土壤有机碳和有效磷含量均呈极显著相关(p<0.01)。长期施用有机肥更有利于提高土壤肥力、促进土壤微生物生长繁育,且芽胞杆菌的数量可敏感地反映土壤肥力。展开更多
利用FACE(free air carbon dioxide enrichment)技术平台,在两种氮肥施用(低氮,LN和常规氮,NN)水平下,研究CO2浓度升高对水稻和小麦收获后根际和非根际土壤可溶性碳、有机磷、速效磷和速效钾的影响。结果表明,相对于对照CO2浓度处理,高...利用FACE(free air carbon dioxide enrichment)技术平台,在两种氮肥施用(低氮,LN和常规氮,NN)水平下,研究CO2浓度升高对水稻和小麦收获后根际和非根际土壤可溶性碳、有机磷、速效磷和速效钾的影响。结果表明,相对于对照CO2浓度处理,高CO2浓度处理在显著增加作物生物量的前提下,土壤速效磷和速效钾不但没有降低反而增加,增加幅度小麦季大于水稻季,根际大于非根际;水稻季土壤可溶性碳含量增加,且NN水平下水稻和小麦季进入土壤的可溶性碳增加,导致土壤有机磷降低幅度低于LN水平,且水稻季根际土壤大于非根际土壤,有机磷的降低是保证有效磷升高的一个重要因素,增加氮肥施用将有利于土壤有机磷的增加,对维持土壤磷的供给有积极作用,有利于作物对高CO浓度的持续响应。展开更多
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-23-B04)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0201001)。
文摘Partial substitution of chemical fertilizers by organic amendments is adopted widely for promoting the availability of soil phosphorus(P)in agricultural production.However,few studies have comprehensively evaluated the effects of longterm organic substitution on soil P availability and microbial activity in greenhouse vegetable fields.A 10-year(2009–2019)field experiment was carried out to investigate the impacts of organic fertilizer substitution on soil P pools,phosphatase activities and the microbial community,and identify factors that regulate these soil P transformation characteristics.Four treatments included 100%chemical N fertilizer(4 CN),50%substitution of chemical N by manure(2 CN+2 MN),straw(2 CN+2 SN),and combined manure with straw(2 CN+1 MN+1 SN).Compared with the 4 CN treatment,organic substitution treatments increased celery and tomato yields by 6.9-13.8%and 8.6-18.1%,respectively,with the highest yields being in the 2 CN+1 MN+1 SN treatment.After 10 years of fertilization,organic substitution treatments reduced total P and inorganic P accumulation,increased the concentrations of available P,organic P,and microbial biomass P,and promoted phosphatase activities(alkaline and acid phosphomonoesterase,phosphodiesterase,and phytase)and microbial growth in comparison with the 4 CN treatment.Further,organic substitution treatments significantly increased soil C/P,and the partial least squares path model(PLS-PM)revealed that the soil C/P ratio directly and significantly affected phosphatase activities and the microbial biomass and positively influenced soil P pools and vegetable yield.Partial least squares(PLS)regression demonstrated that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi positively affected phosphatase activities.Our results suggest that organic fertilizer substitution can promote soil P transformation and availability.Combining manure with straw was more effective than applying these materials separately for developing sustainable P management practices.
文摘The Varzaghan district at the northwestern margin of the Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic arc, is considered a promising area for the exploration of porphyry Cu deposits in Iran. In this study we identified mono-and multi-element geochemical anomalies associated with Cu–Au–Mo–Bi mineralization in the central parts of the Varzaghan district by applying the concentration–area fractal method. After mono-element geochemical investigations, principal component analysis was applied to ten selected elements in order to acquire a multi-element geochemical signature based on the mineralization-related component. Quantitative comparisons of the obtained fractal-based populations were carried out in accordance with known Cu occurrences using Student's t-values. Then,significant mono-and multi-element geochemical layers were separately combined with related geologic and structural layers to generate prospectivity models, using the fuzzy GAMMA approach. For quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of different geochemical signatures in final prospectivity models, a prediction-area plot was adapted. The results show that the multi-element geochemical signature of principal component one(PC1) is more effective than mono-element layers in delimiting exploration targets related to porphyry Cu deposits.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFD2201100)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China (TD2023C006)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2572022DS13).
文摘Carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)are of fundamental importance for growth and nutrient dynamics within plant organs and deserve more attention at regional to global scales.However,our knowledge of how these nutrients vary with tree size,organ age,or root order at the individual level remains limited.We determined C,N,and P contents and their stoichiometric ratios(i.e.,nutrient traits)in needles,branches,and fine roots at different organ ages(0-3-year-old needles and branches)and root orders(1st-4th order roots)from 64 Pinus koraiensis of varying size(Diameter at breast height ranged from 0.3 to 100 cm)in northeast China.Soil factors were also measured.The results show that nutrient traits were regulated by tree size,organ age,or root order rather than soil factors.At a whole-plant level,nutrient traits decreased in needles and fine roots but increased in branches with tree size.At the organ level,age or root order had a negative effect on C,N,and P and a positive effect on stoichiometric ratios.Our results demonstrate that nutrient variations are closely related to organ-specific functions and ecophysiological processes at an individual level.It is suggested that the nutrient acquisition strategy by younger trees and organ fractions with higher nutrient content is for survival.Conversely,nutrient storage strategy in older trees and organ fractions are mainly for steady growth.Our results clarified the nutrient utilization strategies during tree and organ ontogeny and suggest that tree size and organ age or root order should be simultaneously considered to understand the complexities of nutrient variations.
文摘以河南封丘潮土养分平衡长期定位试验地为研究对象,于各季节分别采集耕作层土壤样品,比较不同施肥处理潮土芽胞杆菌数量及其占细菌总数的比例,并解析其与土壤养分之间的关系。结果发现,与不施肥对照相比,长期施肥尤其是施用有机肥和磷肥的处理土壤有机碳与速效氮、有效磷、速效钾等的含量趋于升高,除不施磷肥处理(NK)外其他施肥处理土壤有机碳含量在四季的增幅范围为0.91～7.00 g kg-1。长期不同施肥后土壤细菌与芽胞杆菌在数量上也发生了明显分异,且在各季均呈现稳定的梯度规律,即施肥处理(除NK外)显著高于不施肥处理、施有机肥处理显著高于施化肥处理、平衡施化肥处理高于缺素施肥处理,除NK外其他施肥处理与不施肥对照相比在四季的增幅范围为0.02～0.54 lg(CFU g-1)。长期施化肥的处理芽胞杆菌占细菌数量的比例(即优势度)在冬、夏季高于春、秋季,而施有机肥的处理在不同季节保持相对恒定。相关性分析显示,芽胞杆菌数量与土壤有机碳和有效磷含量均呈极显著相关(p<0.01)。长期施用有机肥更有利于提高土壤肥力、促进土壤微生物生长繁育,且芽胞杆菌的数量可敏感地反映土壤肥力。
文摘利用FACE(free air carbon dioxide enrichment)技术平台,在两种氮肥施用(低氮,LN和常规氮,NN)水平下,研究CO2浓度升高对水稻和小麦收获后根际和非根际土壤可溶性碳、有机磷、速效磷和速效钾的影响。结果表明,相对于对照CO2浓度处理,高CO2浓度处理在显著增加作物生物量的前提下,土壤速效磷和速效钾不但没有降低反而增加,增加幅度小麦季大于水稻季,根际大于非根际;水稻季土壤可溶性碳含量增加,且NN水平下水稻和小麦季进入土壤的可溶性碳增加,导致土壤有机磷降低幅度低于LN水平,且水稻季根际土壤大于非根际土壤,有机磷的降低是保证有效磷升高的一个重要因素,增加氮肥施用将有利于土壤有机磷的增加,对维持土壤磷的供给有积极作用,有利于作物对高CO浓度的持续响应。
