This study investigates changes in summer water vapor transport(WVT) over East Asia under 1.5°C and 2.0°C global warming(GW) for the +4.5 and +8.5 W m-2 Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP) scenarios(RC...This study investigates changes in summer water vapor transport(WVT) over East Asia under 1.5°C and 2.0°C global warming(GW) for the +4.5 and +8.5 W m-2 Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP) scenarios(RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively). Of the 27 models used, 18 show better skill in simulating the climatological summer WVT over East Asia of the present day. Of those 18, 13 reach 1.5°C and 2.0°C GW for the two RCPs. Based on these 13 models, results show that — relative to the present day-th e summer WVT is enhanced over East Asia under 1.5°C and 2.0°C GW for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The inte r-model consistency is higher under 2.0°C GW. Increased water vapor content favors the enhanced WVT over both southern and northern East Asia, while lower-level circulation contributes to the enhanced WVT over southern East Asia. Compared to 1.5°C GW, th e summer WVT under 2.0°C GW is further enhanced over most of East Asia for RCP4.5. For RCP8.5, the summer WVT is also further enhanced over southern East Asia, while this is not the case over northern East Asia. Under the additional 0.5°C GW, the changes in summer WVT, with low in ter-model consistency, are closely related to anomalous lower-level circulation. Precipitation increases over the East China Sea to southern Japan, the Korean Peninsula, and North China, for both RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. However, the changes in precipitation over the South China Sea and Northeast China are different for the two RCPs. This is connected to the difference in the changes of WVT divergence.展开更多
The outputs of 17 models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) are employed to investigate the temporal and spatial features of 2.0°C warming of the surface temperature over the globe and C...The outputs of 17 models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) are employed to investigate the temporal and spatial features of 2.0°C warming of the surface temperature over the globe and China under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 scenario. The simulations of the period 1860-1899 in the "historical" experiment are chosen as the baseline. The simulations for the 21st century in the RCP4.5 experiment are chosen as the future project. The multi-model ensemble mean (MME) shows that the global mean temperature would cross the 2.0°C warming threshold in 2047. Warming in most of the models would cross the threshold during 2030-2060. For local warming, high-latitude areas in the Northern Hemisphere show the fastest warming over the globe. Land areas warm substantially faster than the oceans. Most of the southern oceans would not exceed the 2.0°C warming threshold within the 21st century. Over China, surface warming is substantially faster than the global mean. The area-averaged warming would cross the 2.0°C threshold in 2034. Locally, Northwest China shows the fastest warming trend, followed by Central North China and Northeast China. Central China, East China, and South China are the last to cross the 2.0°C warming threshold. The diversity of the models is also estimated in this study. Generally, the spread among the models increases with time, and there is smaller spread among the models for the areas with the faster warming.展开更多
The Capability Maturity Model(CMM) and ISO9001 are probably the two best known and most widely used models for software organization quality assurance and improvement. As they both continue to evolve, each has a serie...The Capability Maturity Model(CMM) and ISO9001 are probably the two best known and most widely used models for software organization quality assurance and improvement. As they both continue to evolve, each has a series of versions which own new aspects. This paper discusses the similarities and differences between the two models, based on the CMM version 2.0 c and the 1997 release of ISO9001, examines 20 clauses in ISO9001 and maps them to practices in the latest CMM. In the end, their implementations in China are presented.展开更多
目的:对博唐平®A1C EZ 2.0糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)床旁检测仪的临床性能进行评估。方法:选取2020年4-8月广东省人民医院收治的100例糖尿病患者为研究对象,将实验室仪器设为参考系统,博唐平®A1C EZ 2.0设为评估系统,对两款仪器检...目的:对博唐平®A1C EZ 2.0糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)床旁检测仪的临床性能进行评估。方法:选取2020年4-8月广东省人民医院收治的100例糖尿病患者为研究对象,将实验室仪器设为参考系统,博唐平®A1C EZ 2.0设为评估系统,对两款仪器检测HbA1c的结果进行Passing-Bablok回归分析、Bland-Altman分析、偏差分析。结果:博唐平®A1C EZ 2.0指尖末梢血组与博唐平®A1C EZ 2.0静脉血组比较,再与实验室静脉血组比较,结果均呈线性相关(r=0.946);博唐平®A1C EZ 2.0所测结果均值与实验室Bio-RadD-10 HbA1c测定仪所测结果均值比较,平均相对偏差为0.2%,95%CI内相对偏差为-1.7%~2.1%,仅有6.00%(6/100)界外点数。结论:博唐平®A1C EZ 2.0能够满足HbA1c临床检测的应用要求,适用于临床糖尿病管理。展开更多
Changes in precipitation extremes and associated risks under the 1.5 and 2.0℃ global warming targets in the Yangtze River basin(YRB)were assessed.The projections from 10 global climate models(GCMs)of the Coupled Mode...Changes in precipitation extremes and associated risks under the 1.5 and 2.0℃ global warming targets in the Yangtze River basin(YRB)were assessed.The projections from 10 global climate models(GCMs)of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6(CMIP6)were bias-corrected and averaged with Bayesian and arithmetic mean methods,respectively.The results show that the Bayesian weights can reflect the performance of each GCM in capturing seasonal precipitation extremes.Thus,its multimodel ensemble projections noticeably improve the performance of the mean,interannual variability,and trends of precipitation extremes.The areal-mean risks of Rx5day(maximum consecutive 5-day precipitation)are projected to increase by ratios of 3.3 in summer,2.9 in autumn,2.2 in spring,and 1.9 in winter under the 1.5℃ target.Spatially,the northwestern part of the YRB may experience the highest risk of increments in Rx5day extreme in summer and autumn.In response to an additional 0.5℃ warming from 1.5 to 2.0℃,the risks of seasonal Rx5day extreme for all 20-,50-,and 100-yr return periods are projected to increase respectively.The higher probabilities of extreme precipitation events under the warming targets may cause more hazardous flooding;therefore,new strategies and infrastructures for climate change and hydrological risk mitigation are imperative in the YRB.展开更多
基金jointly supported by the National Key R&D Program of China [grant number 2017YFA0603802]the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 41421004,41325018,and 41805062]
文摘This study investigates changes in summer water vapor transport(WVT) over East Asia under 1.5°C and 2.0°C global warming(GW) for the +4.5 and +8.5 W m-2 Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP) scenarios(RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively). Of the 27 models used, 18 show better skill in simulating the climatological summer WVT over East Asia of the present day. Of those 18, 13 reach 1.5°C and 2.0°C GW for the two RCPs. Based on these 13 models, results show that — relative to the present day-th e summer WVT is enhanced over East Asia under 1.5°C and 2.0°C GW for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The inte r-model consistency is higher under 2.0°C GW. Increased water vapor content favors the enhanced WVT over both southern and northern East Asia, while lower-level circulation contributes to the enhanced WVT over southern East Asia. Compared to 1.5°C GW, th e summer WVT under 2.0°C GW is further enhanced over most of East Asia for RCP4.5. For RCP8.5, the summer WVT is also further enhanced over southern East Asia, while this is not the case over northern East Asia. Under the additional 0.5°C GW, the changes in summer WVT, with low in ter-model consistency, are closely related to anomalous lower-level circulation. Precipitation increases over the East China Sea to southern Japan, the Korean Peninsula, and North China, for both RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. However, the changes in precipitation over the South China Sea and Northeast China are different for the two RCPs. This is connected to the difference in the changes of WVT divergence.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2009CB421407)
文摘The outputs of 17 models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) are employed to investigate the temporal and spatial features of 2.0°C warming of the surface temperature over the globe and China under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 scenario. The simulations of the period 1860-1899 in the "historical" experiment are chosen as the baseline. The simulations for the 21st century in the RCP4.5 experiment are chosen as the future project. The multi-model ensemble mean (MME) shows that the global mean temperature would cross the 2.0°C warming threshold in 2047. Warming in most of the models would cross the threshold during 2030-2060. For local warming, high-latitude areas in the Northern Hemisphere show the fastest warming over the globe. Land areas warm substantially faster than the oceans. Most of the southern oceans would not exceed the 2.0°C warming threshold within the 21st century. Over China, surface warming is substantially faster than the global mean. The area-averaged warming would cross the 2.0°C threshold in 2034. Locally, Northwest China shows the fastest warming trend, followed by Central North China and Northeast China. Central China, East China, and South China are the last to cross the 2.0°C warming threshold. The diversity of the models is also estimated in this study. Generally, the spread among the models increases with time, and there is smaller spread among the models for the areas with the faster warming.
基金Supported by the National College Doctoral Degree F und of Ministry of Education(970 35 90 1)
文摘The Capability Maturity Model(CMM) and ISO9001 are probably the two best known and most widely used models for software organization quality assurance and improvement. As they both continue to evolve, each has a series of versions which own new aspects. This paper discusses the similarities and differences between the two models, based on the CMM version 2.0 c and the 1997 release of ISO9001, examines 20 clauses in ISO9001 and maps them to practices in the latest CMM. In the end, their implementations in China are presented.
文摘目的:对博唐平®A1C EZ 2.0糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)床旁检测仪的临床性能进行评估。方法:选取2020年4-8月广东省人民医院收治的100例糖尿病患者为研究对象,将实验室仪器设为参考系统,博唐平®A1C EZ 2.0设为评估系统,对两款仪器检测HbA1c的结果进行Passing-Bablok回归分析、Bland-Altman分析、偏差分析。结果:博唐平®A1C EZ 2.0指尖末梢血组与博唐平®A1C EZ 2.0静脉血组比较,再与实验室静脉血组比较,结果均呈线性相关(r=0.946);博唐平®A1C EZ 2.0所测结果均值与实验室Bio-RadD-10 HbA1c测定仪所测结果均值比较,平均相对偏差为0.2%,95%CI内相对偏差为-1.7%~2.1%,仅有6.00%(6/100)界外点数。结论:博唐平®A1C EZ 2.0能够满足HbA1c临床检测的应用要求,适用于临床糖尿病管理。
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF0801804 and 2017YFA0603702).
文摘Changes in precipitation extremes and associated risks under the 1.5 and 2.0℃ global warming targets in the Yangtze River basin(YRB)were assessed.The projections from 10 global climate models(GCMs)of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6(CMIP6)were bias-corrected and averaged with Bayesian and arithmetic mean methods,respectively.The results show that the Bayesian weights can reflect the performance of each GCM in capturing seasonal precipitation extremes.Thus,its multimodel ensemble projections noticeably improve the performance of the mean,interannual variability,and trends of precipitation extremes.The areal-mean risks of Rx5day(maximum consecutive 5-day precipitation)are projected to increase by ratios of 3.3 in summer,2.9 in autumn,2.2 in spring,and 1.9 in winter under the 1.5℃ target.Spatially,the northwestern part of the YRB may experience the highest risk of increments in Rx5day extreme in summer and autumn.In response to an additional 0.5℃ warming from 1.5 to 2.0℃,the risks of seasonal Rx5day extreme for all 20-,50-,and 100-yr return periods are projected to increase respectively.The higher probabilities of extreme precipitation events under the warming targets may cause more hazardous flooding;therefore,new strategies and infrastructures for climate change and hydrological risk mitigation are imperative in the YRB.
