Objective: To ascertain the role of HIV-1 gp120 env PNGs variations and sequence length polymorphism following transmission events as possible supporting forensic evidence to determine directionality of HIV transmissi...Objective: To ascertain the role of HIV-1 gp120 env PNGs variations and sequence length polymorphism following transmission events as possible supporting forensic evidence to determine directionality of HIV transmission. Method: An observational study of HIV-1 infected family members, where median and range values of the amino acid lengths and PNGs for the genotyped C2V5 region were calculated. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to determine differences in these parameters between different family members. Results: For heterosexual transmission, two mothers had longer C3 sequences relative to that of their spouses;p=0.006 and=0.025 whilst the opposite was observed for one mother, p = 0.028. No clear trends were observed for PNGs. Index children had longer C2V5 amino acid sequences compared to their mothers p = 0.013, 0.040, 0.043 for families 205, 375, 567 respectively. Second siblings “V4 and V5 sequences were generally shorter relative to the maternal ones p = 0.039 and 0.028, respectively. Adults had longer V3 amino acid sequences compared to children;p = 0.018. Similar trends were also observed regarding PNGs within the entire C2V5 region, C3 and V4 sub-regions;p= 0.0025, 0.005 and 0.008, respectively. First siblings’ C2V5 and C3 sequence lengths were significantly longer relative to those of the second siblings;p = 0.005 and 0.007, respectively. Conclusion: Our results are suggestive that HIV-1 env C2V5 amino acid length polymorphism and PNGs tend to increase with age and HIV disease progression. Though sensitive and should be cautiously handled, it is tempting to propose the direc-tionality of the HIV transmission events with respect to C3 sequence length polymorphisms. Correlating HIV-1 env C2V5 amino acid length polymorphism and age of infection may be the first step towards a possible valuable piece of forensic evidence which may be useful in criminalisation of willful HIV infections. However, bigger studies are war-ranted to substantiate the authenticity of this potentially useful application.展开更多
以废弃烟头和偏钒酸铵为原料,采用溶液浸渍-低温焙烧方法,制备多孔结构V2O5/C复合材料,借助X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对V2O5/C复合材料的晶体结构、粒度形貌进行表征,并对其电化学性能进行研究。结果表明,V2O5/C复合材...以废弃烟头和偏钒酸铵为原料,采用溶液浸渍-低温焙烧方法,制备多孔结构V2O5/C复合材料,借助X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对V2O5/C复合材料的晶体结构、粒度形貌进行表征,并对其电化学性能进行研究。结果表明,V2O5/C复合材料具有高纯度、形貌均一的多孔结构。作为锂离子电池正极材料,V2O5/C复合材料在电压2.5~4 V之间显现出优异的电化学性能,在1C倍率下,初始放电比容量达到261 mAh·g-1,循环30圈后仍保持在192 m Ah·g-1。这种多孔结构可以有效提高V2O5/C复合材料的电化学性能。展开更多
A study of the catalytic activity of V2O5/C catalyst for the oxygen oxidation of glyoxal has been made, showing that glyoxylic acid can be formed without control of pH value and there is little oxalic acid from the ex...A study of the catalytic activity of V2O5/C catalyst for the oxygen oxidation of glyoxal has been made, showing that glyoxylic acid can be formed without control of pH value and there is little oxalic acid from the excessive oxidation of glyoxylic acid. The studies of XRD and TEM have shown that V2O5 diffraction peaks gradually strengthen with the increase of the content of V2O5. With the content of 3% V2O5 and the calcination temperature of 573 K, V2O5/C catalyst displayed the best activity and selectivity. The conversion of glyoxal and the selectivity of glyoxylic acid reached 18.76% and 77.70% after 5 h, respectively. Moreover, V2O5/C catalyst showed small deactivation after recycling three times, which indicates that V2O5/C has a higher stability than noble metal catalysts in the reaction medium.展开更多
文摘Objective: To ascertain the role of HIV-1 gp120 env PNGs variations and sequence length polymorphism following transmission events as possible supporting forensic evidence to determine directionality of HIV transmission. Method: An observational study of HIV-1 infected family members, where median and range values of the amino acid lengths and PNGs for the genotyped C2V5 region were calculated. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to determine differences in these parameters between different family members. Results: For heterosexual transmission, two mothers had longer C3 sequences relative to that of their spouses;p=0.006 and=0.025 whilst the opposite was observed for one mother, p = 0.028. No clear trends were observed for PNGs. Index children had longer C2V5 amino acid sequences compared to their mothers p = 0.013, 0.040, 0.043 for families 205, 375, 567 respectively. Second siblings “V4 and V5 sequences were generally shorter relative to the maternal ones p = 0.039 and 0.028, respectively. Adults had longer V3 amino acid sequences compared to children;p = 0.018. Similar trends were also observed regarding PNGs within the entire C2V5 region, C3 and V4 sub-regions;p= 0.0025, 0.005 and 0.008, respectively. First siblings’ C2V5 and C3 sequence lengths were significantly longer relative to those of the second siblings;p = 0.005 and 0.007, respectively. Conclusion: Our results are suggestive that HIV-1 env C2V5 amino acid length polymorphism and PNGs tend to increase with age and HIV disease progression. Though sensitive and should be cautiously handled, it is tempting to propose the direc-tionality of the HIV transmission events with respect to C3 sequence length polymorphisms. Correlating HIV-1 env C2V5 amino acid length polymorphism and age of infection may be the first step towards a possible valuable piece of forensic evidence which may be useful in criminalisation of willful HIV infections. However, bigger studies are war-ranted to substantiate the authenticity of this potentially useful application.
文摘以废弃烟头和偏钒酸铵为原料,采用溶液浸渍-低温焙烧方法,制备多孔结构V2O5/C复合材料,借助X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对V2O5/C复合材料的晶体结构、粒度形貌进行表征,并对其电化学性能进行研究。结果表明,V2O5/C复合材料具有高纯度、形貌均一的多孔结构。作为锂离子电池正极材料,V2O5/C复合材料在电压2.5~4 V之间显现出优异的电化学性能,在1C倍率下,初始放电比容量达到261 mAh·g-1,循环30圈后仍保持在192 m Ah·g-1。这种多孔结构可以有效提高V2O5/C复合材料的电化学性能。
基金Supported by the Technology Research and Development Project for University of Shanxi Province of China (Grant No. 20051272)
文摘A study of the catalytic activity of V2O5/C catalyst for the oxygen oxidation of glyoxal has been made, showing that glyoxylic acid can be formed without control of pH value and there is little oxalic acid from the excessive oxidation of glyoxylic acid. The studies of XRD and TEM have shown that V2O5 diffraction peaks gradually strengthen with the increase of the content of V2O5. With the content of 3% V2O5 and the calcination temperature of 573 K, V2O5/C catalyst displayed the best activity and selectivity. The conversion of glyoxal and the selectivity of glyoxylic acid reached 18.76% and 77.70% after 5 h, respectively. Moreover, V2O5/C catalyst showed small deactivation after recycling three times, which indicates that V2O5/C has a higher stability than noble metal catalysts in the reaction medium.
