The present study established a chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model in C57BL/6 mice induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptides and complete Freund＇s adjuvant. Onset latency was 12 day...The present study established a chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model in C57BL/6 mice induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptides and complete Freund＇s adjuvant. Onset latency was 12 days, with an incidence rate of 100%. Neuropathological characteristics included perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration, demyelination, neuronal degeneration, and axonal damage within cerebral and myelic white matter. Electron microscopy revealed swollen mitochondria, complete organ disappearance, and fused or broken myelin sheath structure, which were accompanied by myelin sheath reconstruction. Moreover, axonal damage was not consistent with demyelination distribution, and severity of axonal damage did not correlate with demyelination. Results suggested that axonal damage in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model is not secondary to inflammatory demyelination.展开更多
The commercially available inbred obesity-prone C57BL/6J （B6） and outbred stock ICR mice （3-week old） purchased from a breeder of Beijing were weaned onto high-fat diet （HFD）, HFD-3% fructose water （HFDF） and ...The commercially available inbred obesity-prone C57BL/6J （B6） and outbred stock ICR mice （3-week old） purchased from a breeder of Beijing were weaned onto high-fat diet （HFD）, HFD-3% fructose water （HFDF） and standard rodent chow, respectively. After exposure to the diets for six weeks, HFD and HFDF fed mice were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin （STZ, 100mg/kg body weight） and kept on the same diet for next four weeks. Body weight was recorded weekly. Non-fasting blood glucose levels of HFD and HFDF fed mice were measured before and after STZ injections. The body weight of HFD-fed and HFDF-fed B6 mice were significantly lower than that of the control, but body weight of HFD-fed and HFDF-fed ICR mice were significantly higher than that of the control. After injection of STZ, blood glucose levels were above the stardardized criterion （11 mmol/L） for the diabetes mouse model in both HFD and HFDF fed ICR mice, but reverse in B6 mice. The type 2 diabetes model was generated successfully in ICR but not in B6 mice, regardless of whether fructose was supplied. The current results indicated that ICR mouse is still a useful and economical strain for HFD-induced/STZ-treated type 2 diabetes model, and that some variation may occur in the genetic composition among B6 mice bred by different breeders.展开更多
Epidermal-type transglutaminase 3 (TGM3) is involved in the cross-linking of structural proteins to form the cornifiedenvelope in the epidermis. In the present study, we detected the expression of TGM3 in the mouse em...Epidermal-type transglutaminase 3 (TGM3) is involved in the cross-linking of structural proteins to form the cornifiedenvelope in the epidermis. In the present study, we detected the expression of TGM3 in the mouse embryo using RT-PCR.TGM3 mRNA is weakly presented from E11.5 to E14.5 and increases significantly from E15.5 to birth. Then wedetermined the spatial and temporal expression pattern of TGM3 in the skin and other organs by in situ hybridization. Wefound a deprivation of TGM3 in skin at E11.5, while a rich supply in periderm cells and a weak expression in basal cellsfrom E12.5 to E14.5. From the period of E15.5 to E16.5, after keratinization in the epidermis, TGM3 was expressed inthe granular and cornified layers. The electron microscopic observation of the C57BL/6J mouse limb bud skin develop-ment provided several morphological evidences for the epidermal differentiation. The above findings suggest that theexpression of TGM3 plays a important role in the epidermis differentiation in embryogenesis.展开更多
AIM: To study the distributions and frequencies of intestinal endocrine cells in the C57BL/6 mouse with immunohistochemical method using seven types of specific antisera against chromogranin A (CGA), serotonin,somatos...AIM: To study the distributions and frequencies of intestinal endocrine cells in the C57BL/6 mouse with immunohistochemical method using seven types of specific antisera against chromogranin A (CGA), serotonin,somatostatin, glucagons, gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK)-8 and human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) after abdominal subcutaneous implantation of murine lung carcinoma (3LL).METHODS: The experimental animals were divided into two groups, one is non-implanted Sham and the other is 3LL-implanted group. Samples were collected from six regions of intestinal tract at 28th d after implantation of 3LL cells (1×105 cell/mouse).RESULTS: In this study, five types of immunoreactive (IR) cells were identified except for gastrin and hPP. The regional distributions of the intestinal endocrine cells in the 3LL-implanted group were similar to those of the non-implanted Sham. However, significant decreases of IR cells were detected in 3LL-implanted group compared to those of non-implanted Sham. CGA- and serotonin-IR cells significantly decreased in 3LL-implanted groups compared to that of non-implanted Sham. Somatostatin-IR cells in the jejunum and ileum and CCK-8-IR cells in the jejunum of 3LL-implanted groups significantly decreased compared to that of non-implanted Sham. In addition,glucagon-IR cells were restricted to the ileum and colon of non-implanted Sham.CONCLUSION: Implantation of tumor cell mass (3LL)induced severe quantifiable changes of intestinal endocrine cell density and the abnormality in density of intestinal endocrine cells may contribute to the development of gastrointestinal symptoms such as anorexia and indigestion, frequently encountered in patients with cancer.展开更多
Dengue is a significant public health concern across tropical and subtropical regions worldwide,principally causing disease in children.Very young children are at increased risk of severe manifestations of dengue infe...Dengue is a significant public health concern across tropical and subtropical regions worldwide,principally causing disease in children.Very young children are at increased risk of severe manifestations of dengue infection.The mechanism of dengue disease in this population is not fully understood.In this study,we present a murine model of dengue virus primary infection in suckling C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice in order to investigate disease pathogenesis.Three-day-old C57BL/6 mice intraperitoneally infected with DENV-2 NGC were more susceptible to infection than BALB/c mice,showing increased liver enzymes,extended viremia,dissemination to organs and histological alterations in liver and small intestine.Furthermore,the immune response in DENV-infected C57BL/6 mice exhibited a marked Th1 bias compared to BALB/c mice.These findings highlight the possibility of establishing an immunocompetent mouse model of DENV-2 infection in suckling mice that reproduces certain signs of disease observed in humans and that could be used to further study agerelated mechanisms of dengue pathogenesis.展开更多
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Ministry of Science and Technology of China,No.30230140a grant from Merck Serono (China)
文摘The present study established a chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model in C57BL/6 mice induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptides and complete Freund＇s adjuvant. Onset latency was 12 days, with an incidence rate of 100%. Neuropathological characteristics included perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration, demyelination, neuronal degeneration, and axonal damage within cerebral and myelic white matter. Electron microscopy revealed swollen mitochondria, complete organ disappearance, and fused or broken myelin sheath structure, which were accompanied by myelin sheath reconstruction. Moreover, axonal damage was not consistent with demyelination distribution, and severity of axonal damage did not correlate with demyelination. Results suggested that axonal damage in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model is not secondary to inflammatory demyelination.
文摘The commercially available inbred obesity-prone C57BL/6J （B6） and outbred stock ICR mice （3-week old） purchased from a breeder of Beijing were weaned onto high-fat diet （HFD）, HFD-3% fructose water （HFDF） and standard rodent chow, respectively. After exposure to the diets for six weeks, HFD and HFDF fed mice were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin （STZ, 100mg/kg body weight） and kept on the same diet for next four weeks. Body weight was recorded weekly. Non-fasting blood glucose levels of HFD and HFDF fed mice were measured before and after STZ injections. The body weight of HFD-fed and HFDF-fed B6 mice were significantly lower than that of the control, but body weight of HFD-fed and HFDF-fed ICR mice were significantly higher than that of the control. After injection of STZ, blood glucose levels were above the stardardized criterion （11 mmol/L） for the diabetes mouse model in both HFD and HFDF fed ICR mice, but reverse in B6 mice. The type 2 diabetes model was generated successfully in ICR but not in B6 mice, regardless of whether fructose was supplied. The current results indicated that ICR mouse is still a useful and economical strain for HFD-induced/STZ-treated type 2 diabetes model, and that some variation may occur in the genetic composition among B6 mice bred by different breeders.
基金This work was supported by Major State Basic Research Development program of China(2004CB518604)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2004AA231041)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30425027).
文摘Epidermal-type transglutaminase 3 (TGM3) is involved in the cross-linking of structural proteins to form the cornifiedenvelope in the epidermis. In the present study, we detected the expression of TGM3 in the mouse embryo using RT-PCR.TGM3 mRNA is weakly presented from E11.5 to E14.5 and increases significantly from E15.5 to birth. Then wedetermined the spatial and temporal expression pattern of TGM3 in the skin and other organs by in situ hybridization. Wefound a deprivation of TGM3 in skin at E11.5, while a rich supply in periderm cells and a weak expression in basal cellsfrom E12.5 to E14.5. From the period of E15.5 to E16.5, after keratinization in the epidermis, TGM3 was expressed inthe granular and cornified layers. The electron microscopic observation of the C57BL/6J mouse limb bud skin develop-ment provided several morphological evidences for the epidermal differentiation. The above findings suggest that theexpression of TGM3 plays a important role in the epidermis differentiation in embryogenesis.
文摘AIM: To study the distributions and frequencies of intestinal endocrine cells in the C57BL/6 mouse with immunohistochemical method using seven types of specific antisera against chromogranin A (CGA), serotonin,somatostatin, glucagons, gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK)-8 and human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) after abdominal subcutaneous implantation of murine lung carcinoma (3LL).METHODS: The experimental animals were divided into two groups, one is non-implanted Sham and the other is 3LL-implanted group. Samples were collected from six regions of intestinal tract at 28th d after implantation of 3LL cells (1×105 cell/mouse).RESULTS: In this study, five types of immunoreactive (IR) cells were identified except for gastrin and hPP. The regional distributions of the intestinal endocrine cells in the 3LL-implanted group were similar to those of the non-implanted Sham. However, significant decreases of IR cells were detected in 3LL-implanted group compared to those of non-implanted Sham. CGA- and serotonin-IR cells significantly decreased in 3LL-implanted groups compared to that of non-implanted Sham. Somatostatin-IR cells in the jejunum and ileum and CCK-8-IR cells in the jejunum of 3LL-implanted groups significantly decreased compared to that of non-implanted Sham. In addition,glucagon-IR cells were restricted to the ileum and colon of non-implanted Sham.CONCLUSION: Implantation of tumor cell mass (3LL)induced severe quantifiable changes of intestinal endocrine cell density and the abnormality in density of intestinal endocrine cells may contribute to the development of gastrointestinal symptoms such as anorexia and indigestion, frequently encountered in patients with cancer.
基金Supported by The Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation,No.11ZR1405500the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission grant,No.13140902401
文摘AIM: To establish an orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer that mimics the pathological features of exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
基金Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas,Grant/Award Number:PIP0118UBS Optimus Foundation,Grant/Award Number:ID 2007-00206+1 种基金Fundación Bunge y BornFondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica,Grant/Award Number:PICT2008-1073。
文摘Dengue is a significant public health concern across tropical and subtropical regions worldwide,principally causing disease in children.Very young children are at increased risk of severe manifestations of dengue infection.The mechanism of dengue disease in this population is not fully understood.In this study,we present a murine model of dengue virus primary infection in suckling C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice in order to investigate disease pathogenesis.Three-day-old C57BL/6 mice intraperitoneally infected with DENV-2 NGC were more susceptible to infection than BALB/c mice,showing increased liver enzymes,extended viremia,dissemination to organs and histological alterations in liver and small intestine.Furthermore,the immune response in DENV-infected C57BL/6 mice exhibited a marked Th1 bias compared to BALB/c mice.These findings highlight the possibility of establishing an immunocompetent mouse model of DENV-2 infection in suckling mice that reproduces certain signs of disease observed in humans and that could be used to further study agerelated mechanisms of dengue pathogenesis.
