采用CAM3(Community Atmosphere Model Version3)模式中海气湍流通量参数化原方案和改进方案,利用观测海温驱动CAM3模式进行气候模拟,以分析模式对厄尔尼诺事件影响气候变化的模拟能力。结果表明,采用CAM3模式海气湍流通量参数化改进方...采用CAM3(Community Atmosphere Model Version3)模式中海气湍流通量参数化原方案和改进方案,利用观测海温驱动CAM3模式进行气候模拟,以分析模式对厄尔尼诺事件影响气候变化的模拟能力。结果表明,采用CAM3模式海气湍流通量参数化改进方案,模式能够更好地模拟出由厄尔尼诺事件引起的北太平洋和北美地区大气环流的变化,尤其是对厄尔尼诺年冬季阿留申低压强度和与PNA遥相关型有关的500hPa位势高度异常的模拟。展开更多
The study investigated the effects of global direct radiative forcing due to carbonaceous aerosol on the climate in East Asia, using the CAM3 developed by NCAR. The results showed that carbonaceous aerosols cause nega...The study investigated the effects of global direct radiative forcing due to carbonaceous aerosol on the climate in East Asia, using the CAM3 developed by NCAR. The results showed that carbonaceous aerosols cause negative forcing at the top of the atmosphere （TOA） and surface under clear sky conditions, but positive forcing at the TOA and weak negative forcing at the surface under all sky conditions. Hence, clouds could change the sign of the direct radiative forcing at the TOA, and weaken the forcing at the surface. Carbonaceous aerosols have distinct effects on the summer climate in East Asia. In southern China and India, it caused the surface temperature to increase, but the total cloud cover and precipitation to decrease. However, the opposite effects are caused for most of northern China and Bangladesh. Given the changes in temperature, vertical velocity, and surface streamflow caused by carbonaceous aerosol in this simulation, carbonaceous aerosol could also induce summer precipitation to decrease in southern China but increase in northern China.展开更多
One set of genes encoding diverse groups of transcription factors that interact with the Z-box （ATACGTGT; a potential Z-DNA forming sequence） is called ZBFs （Z-box Binding Factors）. ZBFs include ZBF1, ZBF2, and ZB...One set of genes encoding diverse groups of transcription factors that interact with the Z-box （ATACGTGT; a potential Z-DNA forming sequence） is called ZBFs （Z-box Binding Factors）. ZBFs include ZBF1, ZBF2, and ZBF3, which encode ZBF1/MYC2 （bHLH）, ZBF2/GBF1 （bZIP）, and ZBF3/CAM7 （Calmodulin） proteins, respectively. With several recent reports, it is becoming increasingly evident that ZBFs play crucial roles in Arabidopsis seedling photomorphogenesis. ZBFs integrate signals from various wavelengths of light to coordinate the regulation of transcriptional networks that affect multiple facets of plant growth and development. The function of each ZBF is qualitatively and quantitatively distinct. The zbf mutants display pleiotropic effects including altered hypocotyl elongation, cotyledon expansion, lateral root development, and flowering time. In this inaugural review, we discuss the identification, molecular functions, and interacting partners of ZBFs in light-mediated Arabidopsis seedling development.展开更多
文摘采用CAM3(Community Atmosphere Model Version3)模式中海气湍流通量参数化原方案和改进方案,利用观测海温驱动CAM3模式进行气候模拟,以分析模式对厄尔尼诺事件影响气候变化的模拟能力。结果表明,采用CAM3模式海气湍流通量参数化改进方案,模式能够更好地模拟出由厄尔尼诺事件引起的北太平洋和北美地区大气环流的变化,尤其是对厄尔尼诺年冬季阿留申低压强度和与PNA遥相关型有关的500hPa位势高度异常的模拟。
基金supported by Na-tional Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2006CB403707)the public Meteorology Special Foundation of MOST (Grant No. GYHY200706036)the National Key Technology R & D Program (Grant No.2007BAC03A0)
文摘The study investigated the effects of global direct radiative forcing due to carbonaceous aerosol on the climate in East Asia, using the CAM3 developed by NCAR. The results showed that carbonaceous aerosols cause negative forcing at the top of the atmosphere （TOA） and surface under clear sky conditions, but positive forcing at the TOA and weak negative forcing at the surface under all sky conditions. Hence, clouds could change the sign of the direct radiative forcing at the TOA, and weaken the forcing at the surface. Carbonaceous aerosols have distinct effects on the summer climate in East Asia. In southern China and India, it caused the surface temperature to increase, but the total cloud cover and precipitation to decrease. However, the opposite effects are caused for most of northern China and Bangladesh. Given the changes in temperature, vertical velocity, and surface streamflow caused by carbonaceous aerosol in this simulation, carbonaceous aerosol could also induce summer precipitation to decrease in southern China but increase in northern China.
文摘One set of genes encoding diverse groups of transcription factors that interact with the Z-box （ATACGTGT; a potential Z-DNA forming sequence） is called ZBFs （Z-box Binding Factors）. ZBFs include ZBF1, ZBF2, and ZBF3, which encode ZBF1/MYC2 （bHLH）, ZBF2/GBF1 （bZIP）, and ZBF3/CAM7 （Calmodulin） proteins, respectively. With several recent reports, it is becoming increasingly evident that ZBFs play crucial roles in Arabidopsis seedling photomorphogenesis. ZBFs integrate signals from various wavelengths of light to coordinate the regulation of transcriptional networks that affect multiple facets of plant growth and development. The function of each ZBF is qualitatively and quantitatively distinct. The zbf mutants display pleiotropic effects including altered hypocotyl elongation, cotyledon expansion, lateral root development, and flowering time. In this inaugural review, we discuss the identification, molecular functions, and interacting partners of ZBFs in light-mediated Arabidopsis seedling development.
