In recent years, camping is popular in Taiwan, but the research on campers’ participation behavior is still insufficient. The purpose of this research is to analyze the structural relationship between camping tourist...In recent years, camping is popular in Taiwan, but the research on campers’ participation behavior is still insufficient. The purpose of this research is to analyze the structural relationship between camping tourists’ motivation, experience, and satisfaction. The survey was conducted in a convenient sampling method, and a total of 464 valid questionnaires were collected. After descriptive statistics and partial least squares (PLS) statistics analysis, the results show that the higher the motivation of camping tourists, the more positive their experience and the higher their satisfaction. In addition, this research also confirms that experience has a mediating effect on motivation and satisfaction in terms of academic theory.展开更多
Last Sunday I went camping with my classmates. We put up tents beside the lake. Our teacher taught us how to make a fire. I forgot to take my lunch box, but my classmates were happy to share their food with me. We enj...Last Sunday I went camping with my classmates. We put up tents beside the lake. Our teacher taught us how to make a fire. I forgot to take my lunch box, but my classmates were happy to share their food with me. We enjoyed a lot of nice food and drinks together under the tree. This camping really brought us a lot of fun and we learned to help each other when having problems. I’m looking forward to another fun day.展开更多
目的:基于环磷酸腺苷/蛋白激酶A(c AMP/PKA)信号通路探究参榆洗液对痔术后大鼠疼痛的影响。方法:构建痔术后大鼠模型,将造模成功的56只SD大鼠随机分为模型组、溶剂模型组、参榆洗液组、参榆洗液+Forskolin(c AMP/PKA信号通路激动剂)组、...目的:基于环磷酸腺苷/蛋白激酶A(c AMP/PKA)信号通路探究参榆洗液对痔术后大鼠疼痛的影响。方法:构建痔术后大鼠模型,将造模成功的56只SD大鼠随机分为模型组、溶剂模型组、参榆洗液组、参榆洗液+Forskolin(c AMP/PKA信号通路激动剂)组、Forskolin组、H-89(c AMP/PKA信号通路抑制剂)组、NS-398(PGE_(2)抑制剂)组,每组8只;另取8只大鼠为空白组。各组大鼠给予对应药物干预,连续7 d。给药结束后1 d,观察大鼠一般状态及疼痛相关动物学行为,观察创面变化并计算创面愈合率,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察各组大鼠创面组织病理学改变,蛋白质免疫印迹法(Western blotting)检测各组大鼠背根神经节TRPV1、p-PKA蛋白表达及创面组织中c AMP、PKA蛋白表达,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测大鼠创面组织中c AMP m RNA、PKA m RNA表达,酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测创面组织中PGE_(2)、IL-6、IL-1β含量。结果:模型组大鼠背根神经节组织中p-PKA、TRPV1及创面周围组织c AMP、PKA、PGE_(2)、c AMP m RNA、PKA m RNA、IL-6、IL-1β表达水平升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,H-89组、NS-398组、参榆洗液+Forskolin组、参榆洗液组创面组织病变程度减轻,创面愈合率依次上升,背根神经节组织中p-PKA、TRPV1及创面组织c AMP、PKA、c AMP m RNA、PKA m RNA、IL-6、PGE_(2)、IL-1β表达水平依次降低(P<0.05);Forskolin干预能显著提高痔术后大鼠模型c AMP、PKA、TRPV1、p-PKA、PGE_(2)、IL-6、IL-1β表达水平(P<0.05),与参榆洗液联合干预后,上述蛋白及炎症因子表达水平显著下降(P<0.05)。结论:参榆洗液对痔术后大鼠cAMP/PKA信号通路有抑制作用,抑制c AMP/PKA信号通路可改善痔术后痛觉敏化,其机制可能与抑制PGE_(2)表达、减少炎症因子释放、抑制TRPV1活化有关。展开更多
文摘In recent years, camping is popular in Taiwan, but the research on campers’ participation behavior is still insufficient. The purpose of this research is to analyze the structural relationship between camping tourists’ motivation, experience, and satisfaction. The survey was conducted in a convenient sampling method, and a total of 464 valid questionnaires were collected. After descriptive statistics and partial least squares (PLS) statistics analysis, the results show that the higher the motivation of camping tourists, the more positive their experience and the higher their satisfaction. In addition, this research also confirms that experience has a mediating effect on motivation and satisfaction in terms of academic theory.
文摘Last Sunday I went camping with my classmates. We put up tents beside the lake. Our teacher taught us how to make a fire. I forgot to take my lunch box, but my classmates were happy to share their food with me. We enjoyed a lot of nice food and drinks together under the tree. This camping really brought us a lot of fun and we learned to help each other when having problems. I’m looking forward to another fun day.
文摘目的:基于环磷酸腺苷/蛋白激酶A(c AMP/PKA)信号通路探究参榆洗液对痔术后大鼠疼痛的影响。方法:构建痔术后大鼠模型,将造模成功的56只SD大鼠随机分为模型组、溶剂模型组、参榆洗液组、参榆洗液+Forskolin(c AMP/PKA信号通路激动剂)组、Forskolin组、H-89(c AMP/PKA信号通路抑制剂)组、NS-398(PGE_(2)抑制剂)组,每组8只;另取8只大鼠为空白组。各组大鼠给予对应药物干预,连续7 d。给药结束后1 d,观察大鼠一般状态及疼痛相关动物学行为,观察创面变化并计算创面愈合率,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察各组大鼠创面组织病理学改变,蛋白质免疫印迹法(Western blotting)检测各组大鼠背根神经节TRPV1、p-PKA蛋白表达及创面组织中c AMP、PKA蛋白表达,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测大鼠创面组织中c AMP m RNA、PKA m RNA表达,酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测创面组织中PGE_(2)、IL-6、IL-1β含量。结果:模型组大鼠背根神经节组织中p-PKA、TRPV1及创面周围组织c AMP、PKA、PGE_(2)、c AMP m RNA、PKA m RNA、IL-6、IL-1β表达水平升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,H-89组、NS-398组、参榆洗液+Forskolin组、参榆洗液组创面组织病变程度减轻,创面愈合率依次上升,背根神经节组织中p-PKA、TRPV1及创面组织c AMP、PKA、c AMP m RNA、PKA m RNA、IL-6、PGE_(2)、IL-1β表达水平依次降低(P<0.05);Forskolin干预能显著提高痔术后大鼠模型c AMP、PKA、TRPV1、p-PKA、PGE_(2)、IL-6、IL-1β表达水平(P<0.05),与参榆洗液联合干预后,上述蛋白及炎症因子表达水平显著下降(P<0.05)。结论:参榆洗液对痔术后大鼠cAMP/PKA信号通路有抑制作用,抑制c AMP/PKA信号通路可改善痔术后痛觉敏化,其机制可能与抑制PGE_(2)表达、减少炎症因子释放、抑制TRPV1活化有关。