巴西坎波斯(Campos)盆地石油地质特征与勘探有利区分析

巴西坎波斯(Campos)盆地是南美洲大陆东缘的一个典型大西洋型被动大陆边缘型盆地。盆地经历了前裂谷→同裂谷→过渡→后裂谷(漂移)等4个演化阶段。盆地裂谷期发育的Lagoa Feia湖相黑色页岩为盆地主要的烃源岩,在始新世(52Ma)时达到生油窗开始生油,在中新世(22～8Ma)达到生油高峰。盆地主要发育上白垩统和第三系Carapebus浊积砂岩、下白垩统Macae组碳酸盐岩和Lagoa Feia组鲕粒灰岩以及前寒武系的Cabiunas组裂缝玄武岩等4套储集层。盆地过渡期发育的Alagoas组盐岩层是盆地良好的区域性盖层,第三系层间泥页岩为盆地局部层间盖层。以主要含油气储集层为核心,盆地可以划分出下部、中下部、中上部和上部等4套主要的油气成藏组合,其中上部Carapebus浊积砂岩体成藏组合内已发现的可采储量占盆地总可采储量的80%以上,是盆地最重要的成藏组合。未来盆地最具潜力的勘探领域为Campos断层以东的Carapebus成藏组合的浊积砂岩体和Lagoa Feia成藏组合渗透性的鲕粒灰岩。

层序约束储层预测技术在巴西Campos盆地M区块的应用

随着海外油气勘探对象已经从常规的构造圈闭转向了岩性、地层为主的非构造型圈闭。这类圈闭更复杂,对储层预测技术的要求更高。通过联合应用层序地层学与储层反演技术,对Campos盆地M区块上白垩统C组地层开展对岩性圈闭的识别,识别出4个有效砂体。研究结果表明层序约束下的储层预测技术可以提高储层预测的精度。

Characteristics of deep water depositional system in Campos basin, Brazil

To make clear about the sedimentary facies types and distribution of deep water sandstone reservoirs in Campos basin of Brazil,this paper researches the characteristics of deep-water sedimentary system in Campos basin through the comprehensive analysis of drilling,logging and seismic data.There are 3 subfacies and 7 microfacies in the study area.There are 3 channels from south to north in Upper Cretaceous Maastrichtian,and the sedimentary incised valley and compound channels developed in micro-salt basin are the main deep water depositional types.The Paleocene to Eocene dominated by sedimentary incised valley and eroded compound channel deposits,also include 3 channel systems.From Oligocene to Miocene,the main deposition type is lobe,which is mainly distributed in central-north of the basin.Corresponding to deep water depositional stages,3 kinds of depositional models are found.From Turonian to Maastrichtian of Upper Cretaceous,with tectonic uplift,strong source material supply,and the negative topography produced by salt rock movement providing favorable accommodation for sand deposition,the depositional model was terrigenous direct feed mechanism with sedimentary incised valley and compound channels in micro salt basin.From Paleocene to Eocene,as the amplitude of tectonic uplift reached the maximum and the accompanied erosion peaked,accommodation space offered by micro salt basin was leveled up;the depositional model was terrigenous direct feed mechanism with sedimentary valley and incised compound channels.From Oligocene to Miocene,because of sable tectonics,sea level fluctuation is the main controlling factor for deep water deposition,so the depositional model was wide shelf indirect feed mechanism with bypass incised valley and lobe.The analysis of the characteristics and controlling factors of the 3 types deep-water sedimentary systems during 3 different stages in Campos Basin can provide valuable reference for the oil exploration in deep-water deposits in the Campos Basin and across the world.

用地质统计法评价Campos盆地含油浊积砂岩中的非储集层

本文评价了巴西Campos盆地中硅质碎屑储集层的岩石物理特征与地震属性之间的关系。这种硅质碎屑储集层的非均质性主要表现为其中有委 的非储集层沉积和随机分布的胶结层。虽然现有地震分辨率不能识别这种非均质性，但是笔者认为有一些地震属性有助于更为准确地获取产层地层单元中非储集层的累积厚度。更好地了解非储集层的空间分布及其厚度对于绘制实际的产层有效厚度和非均质性图及计算可采石油储量是很有价值的。利用一些基本测井和岩石物性分析结果的速度模型，我们计算了来自合成地震记录的10种地震属性。这些模型中非储集层的垂直分布、厚度和层数均是随机生成的。通过分析根据实际地震资料计算的地震属性和井下非集储层相厚度证实了合成地震记录数据所观察到的相关关系。然后有实际的地震属性约束用克里格外部偏差（Kriging with external drift或KED）法得出的非储集相的空间分布和累积厚度分布的评价结果。随机模拟可用于量化上述评价结果的不确定性。利用所绘制的风险图可了解非储集相的分布。

基于Campos指数的模糊DEA

提出了在模糊集上具有某种偏好的DEA,并通过Campos指数将模糊集之间的关系转化为一般的线性关系,建立了基于Campos指数的模糊DEA(FBCC-CI),据此测算决策单元的技术效率、模糊效率,识别决策单元的有效性,得到由不同偏好下的生产前沿面簇组成的模糊前沿,从直观上揭示了决策单元相对于生产前沿面的偏离不仅源于非有效,而且受非精确因素的影响.最后以简化的FBCC-CI为例,说明了该模型的有效性.

Petroleum exploration and production in Brazil:From onshore to ultra-deepwaters

The Santos Basin in Brazil has witnessed significant oil and gas discoveries in deepwater pre-salt since the 21^(st)century.Currently,the waters in eastern Brazil stand out as a hot area of deepwater exploration and production worldwide.Based on a review of the petroleum exploration and production history in Brazil,the challenges,researches and practices,strategic transformation,significant breakthroughs,and key theories and technologies for exploration from onshore to offshore and from shallow waters to deep-ultra-deep waters and then to pre-salt strata are systematically elaborated.Within 15 years since its establishment in 1953,Petrobras explored onshore Paleozoic cratonic and marginal rift basins,and obtained some small to medium petroleum discoveries in fault-block traps.In the 1970s,Petrobras developed seismic exploration technologies and several hydrocarbon accumulation models,for example,turbidite sandstones,allowing important discoveries in shallow waters,e.g.the Namorado Field and Enchova fields.Guided by these models/technologies,significant discoveries,e.g.the Marlim and Roncador fields,were made in deepwater post-salt in the Campos Basin.In the early 21^(st)century,the advancements in theories and technologies for pre-salt petroleum system,carbonate reservoirs,hydrocarbon accumulation and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)logging stimulated a succession of valuable discoveries in the Lower Cretaceous lacustrine carbonates in the Santos Basin,including the world-class ultra-deepwater super giant fields such as Tupi(Lula),Mero and Buzios.Petroleum development in complex deep water environments is extremely challenging.By establishing the Technological Capacitation Program in Deep Waters(PROCAP),Petrobras developed and implemented key technologies including managed pressure drilling(MPD)with narrow pressure window,pressurized mud cap drilling(PMCD),multi-stage intelligent completion,development with Floating Production Storage and Offloading units(FPSO),and flow assurance,which remarkably improved the drilling,completion,field development and transportation efficiency and safety.Additionally,under the limited FPSO capacity,Petrobras promoted the world-largest CCUS-EOR project,which contributed effectively to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the enhancement of oil recovery.Development and application of these technologies provide valuable reference for deep and ultra-deepwater petroleum exploration and production worldwide.The petroleum exploration in Brazil will consistently focus on ultra-deep water pre-salt carbonates and post-salt turbidites,and seek new opportunities in Paleozoic gas.Technical innovation and strategic cooperation will be held to promote the sustainable development of Brazil's oil and gas industry.

Obtaining 2D Soil Geotechnical Profiles from Cokriging Interpolation of Sample Data and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT)—Applications in Mass Movements Studies

Brazil annually faces significant challenges with mass movements, particularly in areas with poorly constructed housing, inadequate engineering, and lacking sanitation infrastructure. Campos do Jordão, in São Paulo state, is a city currently grappling with these issues. This paper details a study conducted within a pilot area in Campos do Jordão, where geophysical surveys and geotechnical borehole data were integrated. The geophysical surveys provided 2D profiles, and samples were collected to analyse soil moisture and plasticity. These datasets were combined using a Cokriging-based model to produce an accurate representation of the subsurface conditions. The enhanced modelling of subsurface variability facilitates a deeper understanding of soil behavior, which can be used to improve landslide risk assessments. This approach is innovative, particularly within the international context where similar studies often do not address the complexities associated with urban planning deficits such as those observed in some areas of Brazil. These conditions, including the lack of proper sanitation and irregular housing, significantly influence the geological stability of the region, adding layers of complexity to subsurface assessments. Adapting geotechnical evaluation methods to local challenges offers the potential to increase the efficacy and relevance of geological risk management in regions with similar socio-economic and urban characteristics.

Campos盆地深水区多分支井技术的应用：历史回顾和未来发展

介绍了最近三年内在Campos盆地深水区四级、五级分支井钻井及其完井的经验。给出了采用多分支井的理由,概述了几种不同的连接工艺(磨铣窗系统和预磨铣窗系统),以及一些已经完钻分支井的相关方面,这些井是Bonito井(水深200 m)、Voador井(水深565 m)和两口Barracuda井(水深802 m/850 m)。深水分支井有其复杂的特殊性,主侧井的完井关系着工程的成败。本文也总结了从复杂钻井工程中获得的经验,并得出结论:多分支钻井技术是深海油田开发的有效替代技术。

海相可控源电磁响应技术在Campos盆地的应用

已知油藏的海相可控源电磁异常响应可通过新的处理和解释程序进行图像描述。异常和油藏间存在必然的联系。文中提出的新的工作流程可以精确地解释并不显著的异常现象,并从海相可控源电磁数据中有所收获。

基于Campo布置的定日镜场分布应用研究

定日镜场子系统与塔式太阳能热发电系统的综合性能紧密相连,它是塔式太阳能热发电站中的核心子系统之一。由于定日镜场包含大量的定日镜,并且在电站建设完成后,定日镜的安置位置无法更改,所以对定日镜场的初始布局规划显得格外关键。传统的定日镜布局方式未能有效地控制发生定日镜场的能量损失。本文运用Campo布置模型,建立了基于动态规划、Camop布置和光学追迹的定日镜布置模型,计算单位镜面面积年平均输出热功率,并与传统的放射状栅格法布置下单位镜面面积年平均输出热功率进行对比。研究结果表明:当定日镜场在年平均输出热功率固定的情况下,Campo布置相较于传统的放射状栅格法布置,单位镜面面积年平均输出热功率提升了20.52%,并且极大优化了土地的使用效率。

东方国际与巴拿马科隆自贸区签署合作备忘录 李强与巴拿马科隆省省长JENITH Campos见证

7月19日,在中共中央政治局委员、上海市委书记李强、巴拿马科隆省省长JENITH Campos的见证下,东方国际集团与巴拿马科隆自贸区签署了合作备忘录。中国驻巴拿马大使魏强,中共中央对外联络部副部长李军,上海市委常委、常务副市长周波,上海市政府副秘书长。

Shared-role of vegetation types,elevation and soil affecting plant diversity in an old-tropical mountain hotspot

Despite the exceptional species richness and endemism,the environmental drivers of plant diversity along old tropical mountains remain underexplored.The respective importance of vegetation types,elevation,slope,and soil to drive diversity across life-forms is poorly addressed.Here,we tested whether environmental variables drove local and regional plant diversity along an old tropical mountain according to the three main life-forms:graminoids,herbaceous and woody species.We sampled all Angiosperm species on 180 plots across five elevations,at the tropical old-mountain region of Serra do Cipó,South-eastern Brazil.We assessed soil,slope,and vegetation types,and calculated richness and beta-diversity,applying generalized least square models,linear mixed-models and partial Mantel tests to test for relationships.Richness of graminoids and herbaceous species increased with greater elevation and more nutrient-impoverished soils,while woody richness showed the inverse pattern.Beta-diversity was primarily driven by species turnover,correlated with elevation and soil and higher in less dominant vegetation types,with unique species.Despite the limited elevational range in these old mountains,it still played an important role in filtering woody species,while fostering graminoid and herbaceous species.Conservation and restoration actions need to foster the high regional diversity supported by the old mountain heterogeneous landscape and the diversity of life-forms,especially the dominant and highly diverse grassy component.

Patterns of species richness and beta diversity of vascular plants along elevation gradient in Brazilian páramo

Understanding the relationships between plant diversity and the environment is an important step towards conservation of species and ecosystems.In this study,we hypothesize that community species richness decreases and species composition change along the elevation gradient,with a greater contribution of species turnover than nestedness to beta diversity.We surveyed plant species in 300 plots(1 m×1 m)in four elevational bands(2100 m,2300m,2500 m,and 2700 m)in the CaparaóNational Park,Southeastern Brazil.The samples presented a great number of species(97 spp.,59 genera,27families),however,74%of the species were considered rare with their relative abundance being<1%.Among the four bands along the gradient,we detected two distinct communities with few species in common.The transition between the two communities occurred at 2500 m,and this elevation band also had the highest species richness in total.A non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS)showed floristic differences between the bands even though they had similar richness.In 89%of the plot pairs,using pairwise comparison of species composition,only half of the species that occurred in one did occur in the other plot.The dissimilarity among the plots and elevational band reflects a significant contribution of spatial species turnover to the species richness and beta diversity on the Caparaómountain.Beta diversity increased with spatial scale(from plot to elevational-band).The dissimilarity(βSOR=0.907)in the area was due almost exclusively to spatial species turnover(βSIM=0.879),with very low contribution of species nestedness(βSNE=0.028).Our research showed that species richness does not decrease with elevation in the study area,but the floristic composition changes.The clear distinction of species along the gradient show that spatial species turnover is the major diversitygenerating process in the studied area.

Vegetation Composition and Structure of Some NeotropicaMountain Grasslands in Brazil

The description and understanding of plant communities is fundamental for the implementation of conservation or restoration programs, especially when these communities are highly threatened and need to be restored.Campos rupestres, some Neotropical mountain grasslands located in central Brazil and part of the Cerrado biome(covering 2 million km2) host unique plant communities, currently threatened by quarrying and mining.The grassy matrix of campos rupestres, has long been considered a rich mosaic under the control of local topography and the nature of substrate, but this affirmation has not been well studied.We analyzed whether plant communities varied in relation to edaphic factors within the stony substrate and the sandy substrate of this grassy matrix.We selected 5 sites where occur both grasslands on stony substrate and on sandy substrate, and we carried out vegetation surveys and soil analyses.We counted 222 plant species within our communities, among which38.6% are exclusively found on campos rupestres.Our results show that both soil-types are strongly acidic, nutrient poor and exhibit a seasonal variation.Phosphorus increases and p H and organic carbon decrease during the dry season.Stony soils areslightly richer in nutrients than sandy soils and differences in soil granulometry and composition have led to the formation of distinct plant communities.Some species are confined to either one or the other grassland-type, which makes the plant composition of each community unique.Variations in edaphic factors generate heterogeneous grasslands favorable to a high plant diversity.Conservation programs and restoration actions have to maintain or recreate this heterogeneity.The presence of distinct plant communities implies that different strategies might be adopted to improve the restoration of these ecosystems.

勘探与进展

中国石化在巴西油气勘探获进展国勘（国际石油勘探开发）巴西公司旗下RSH公司在Campos盆地BM-C-33区块超深水域（水深2000多米）的盐下层．探明可采油气资源当量1．86亿吨，其中轻质油1．04亿吨．天然气953亿立方米。

Understanding how environmental heterogeneity and elevation drives the distribution of woody communities across vegetation types within the campo rupestre in South America

The campo rupestre sensu lato is a vegetation type that occurs in South American mountains,supports a distinctive flora characterized by high rates of endemism,high herbaceous species richness and often-neglected but also species-rich of the arboreal stratum.We aimed to investigate how environmental factors and elevation are associated with the distribution and diversity of woody species in different rupestrian vegetation types across South America.Using a database of 2,049 woody species from 185 sites across four vegetation types within the campo rupestre,we assessed how the vegetation types were grouped according to their floristic composition and number of shared indicator species,as well as by using different beta diversity indices.The most important variables from a set of 27 variables(e.g.altitude,geo-edaphic and climatic)explaining species distribution were identified using redundancy analysis(RDA)and variation partitioning methods.The distribution of vegetation types was related to both environmental and spatial fractions,with a set of 17 variables retained(e.g.rockiness,grass cover and temperature seasonality as the most important variables).There was an association between the floristic composition of each vegetation type and the elevation range.Although the identified vegetation types are floristically related,they are distinguished by exclusive and habitat-specialist woody species.This uniqueness of vegetation types should be considered in terms of complementarity for the conservation of campos rupestres.

Cristina Campo, the Aristocrat of Modern Literature: On Autobiographical Instance in Her Literary Work

In the present article,the attention is focused on autorepresentational image that can be derived from Cristina Campo’s literary language,while analyzing at the same time its genesis,given finalities and reception.It is what can be deduced in filigrain from essayistic-critical writings in The Unforgivable Ones(Gli imperdonabili)and Under a False Name(Sotto falso nome),as well as from collections of letters and illuminating lyrical motifs,based on which it will be demonstrated that analogous themes are associated to various literary genres on grounds of principle of inter-genre contamination.By illustrating the founding postulates of autopoetic reflections,the intention is to ulteriorly determine their collocation within the frame of cultural history.To veiled autobiographism contributes pseudonymical practice,as well as subsequent stylistic devices,through which modernistic aspects are highlighted.The autobiographical narration in The Golden Walnut(La noce d’oro),short story-fairy tale of aesthetic timbre frequently infused with figural tropism,comprises a literary mixture of rievocation and mythography,relying on anthropological premises that are speculatively articulated.

巴西的翻译:“吃人”翻译理论与实践及其文化内涵

巴西的“吃人”翻译理论别具一格,其主要代表人物是H. Campos。本文探讨了“吃人”翻译理论与实践及其文化内涵,认为这一理论开始时强调“吃透”原文,进行创造性翻译,后逐步走上有自己特色的解构主义道路,并对以Venuti为代表的欧美解构主义翻译理论有补充作用。

Campo宫腔镜在宫内节育器嵌顿中的临床应用研究

目的评价Campo宫腔镜在处理宫内节育器嵌顿中的可行性和优劣。方法自2019年10月至2020年5月,对郑州大学第一附属医院郑东院区妇科门诊经影像学初诊或常规取环术中确诊的23例宫内节育器嵌顿患者,无麻醉情况下使用Campo宫腔镜进行宫内节育环分离、取出。对手术时间、手术成功率、围手术期疼痛(VAS评分)、术后感染率等进行分析。结果 23例患者中位年龄为53岁(42~63岁),中位带环时间为10.6年(7~29年)。术中超声确认均未穿透子宫浆膜层,使用Campo宫腔镜处理节育器嵌顿的成功率为100%,平均手术时间为(25±11) min,出血量2~15 ml,术中和术后第3天VAS评分为标准,无痛感、轻微痛感、中度痛感比例,分别为(8.7%、65.2%)、(82.6%、34.8%)、(8.7%、0%),均未发生术后感染。结论使用Campo宫腔镜在门诊处理节育器嵌顿是安全可靠的,能够减少不必要的麻醉、住院,减轻患者痛苦,降低医疗费用。

巴西Jubarte稠油油田的评价与开发方案

最近在Campos盆地最重要的发现之一就是EpiritoSanto州海上1000～1500m水深的Jubarte油田。其储量约95〔106m3(比重0.95g/cm3)。对一垂直井的初步试井表明,生产指数(PI)尚未达到进行商业开采的指标,但后来对水平井试井记录的PI是垂直井的12倍,这表明Jubarte油田可以进行稠油商业化开采。