Comparative analyses of mitogenomes in the social bees with insights into evolution of long inverted repeats in the Meliponini

The insect mitogenome is typically a compact circular molecule with highly conserved gene contents.Nonetheless,mitogenome structural variations have been reported in specific taxa,and gene rearrangements,usually the tRNAs,occur in different lineages.Because synapomorphies of mitogenome organizations can provide information for phylogenetic inferences,comparative analyses of mitogenomes have been given increasing attention.However,most studies use a very few species to represent the whole genus,tribe,family,or even order,overlooking potential variations at lower taxonomic levels,which might lead to some incorrect inferences.To provide new insights into mitogenome organizations and their implications for phylogenetic inference,this study conducted comparative analyses for mitogenomes of three social bee tribes(Meliponini,Bombini,and Apini)based on the phylogenetic framework with denser taxonomic sampling at the species and population levels.Comparative analyses revealed that mitogenomes of Apini and Bombini are the typical type,while those of Meliponini show diverse variations in mitogenome sizes and organizations.Large inverted repeats(IRs)cause significant gene rearrangements of protein coding genes(PCGs)and rRNAs in Indo-Malay/Australian stingless bee species.Molecular evolution analyses showed that the lineage with IRs have lower dN/dS ratios for PCGs than lineages without IRs,indicating potential effects of IRs on the evolution of mitochondrial genes.The finding of IRs and different patterns of gene rearrangements suggested that Meliponini is a hotspot in mitogenome evolution.Unlike conserved PCGs and rRNAs whose rearrangements were found only in the mentioned lineages within Meliponini,tRNA rearrangements are common across all three tribes of social bees,and are significant even at the species level,indicating that comprehensive sampling is needed to fully understand the patterns of tRNA rearrangements,and their implications for phylogenetic inference.

基于CAN-Bus网络的汽车冷却液预警装置的设计

为解决驾驶员因无法及时了解汽车冷却液使用情况以及因冷却液更换不及时造成发动机故障的问题,文章对现有的相关检测技术与报警技术进行分析,在相关理论研究和实验验证等方法的基础上,提出并设计了本款基于控制器局域网总线(CAN-Bus)网络的汽车冷却液预警装置。该设计方案经过实验验证分析,可以达到预期的预警效果,能够使驾驶人员及时了解汽车冷却液的实时状况,同时亦可基于互联网大数据为车主提供经过认证的专业的冷却液更换服务机构的导航地址,以便于车主可以及时更换冷却液,防止影响汽车发动机的正常使用或对发动机系统和汽车冷却系统造成损坏。解决了现有车辆存在的问题,使汽车的使用更加安全、智能,具有一定的研究意义。

Design and Implementation of Quantum Repeaters:Insights on Quantum Entanglement Purification

Quantum communication is a groundbreaking technology that is driving the future of information transmission and communication technologies to a new paradigm.It relies on quantum entanglement to facilitate the transmission of quantum states between parties.Quantum repeaters are crucial for facilitating long-distance quantum communication.These quantum devices act as intermediaries between adjacent communication channel segments within a fragmented quantum network,allowing for entanglement swapping between the channel segments.This entanglement swapping process establishes entanglement links between the endpoints of adjacent segments,gradually creating a continuous entanglement connection over the entire length of the transmission channel.The established quantum link can be utilized for secure and efficient quantum communication between distant sender and receiver nodes.This study focuses on quantum entanglement purification,a protocol aimed at maintaining high fidelity entangled states above the operational threshold of the communication channel.This study investigates the optimal stage for executing the purification protocol and applies optimization schemes to evaluate various purification protocols.We use IBM Qiskit for circuit implementation and simulation.The results offer valuable insights into future approaches to implementing practical quantum repeaters and shed light on existing and anticipated challenges.

Study on cumulative effects of biological craniocerebral trauma under repeated blast

Repeated blast impacts on personnel in explosive environments can exacerbate craniocerebral trauma.Most existing studies focus on the injury effects of a single blast,lacking in-depth analysis on the injury effects and cumulative effects of repeated blasts.Therefore,rats were used as the experimental samples to suffer from explosion blasts with different peak air overpressures(167 kPa~482 kPa)and varying number of repeated blasts.The cumulative effect of craniocerebral trauma was most pronounced for moderate repeated blast,showing approximately 95%increase of trauma severity with penta blast,and an approximately 85%increase of trauma severity with penta minor blast.The cumulative effect of craniocerebral trauma from severe,repeated blast has a smaller rate of change compared to the other two conditions.The severity of trauma from penta blast increased by approximately 69%compared to a single blast.Comprehensive physiological,pathological and biochemical analysis show that the degree of neurological trauma caused by repeated blasts is higher than that of single blasts,and the pathological trauma to brain tissue is more extensive and severe.The trauma degree remains unchanged after double blast,increases by one grade after triple or quadruple blast,and increases by two grades after penta blast.

Repeatability,interocular correlation and agreement of optic nerve head vessel density in healthy eyes:a sweptsource optical coherence tomographic angiography study

AIM:To assess the repeatability,interocular correlation,and agreement of quantitative swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)optic nerve head(ONH)parameters in healthy subjects.METHODS:Thir ty-three healthy subjects were enrolled.The ONH of both eyes were imaged four times by a swept-source-OCTA using a 3 mm×3 mm scanning protocol.Images of the radial peripapillary capillary were analyzed by a customized Matlab program,and the vessel density,fractal dimension,and vessel diameter index were measured.The repeatability of the four scans was determined by the intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC).The most well-centered optic disc from the four repeated scans was then selected for the interocular correlation and agreement analysis using the Pearson correlation coefficient,ICC and Bland-Altman plots.RESULTS:All swept-source-OCTA ONH parameters exhibited certain repeatability,with ICC>0.760 and coefficient of variation(CoV)≤7.301%.The obvious interocular correlation was observed for papillary vessel density(ICC=0.857),vessel diameter index(ICC=0.857)and fractal dimension(ICC=0.906),while circumpapillary vessel density exhibited moderate interocular correlation(ICC=0.687).Bland-Altman plots revealed an agreement range of-5.26%to 6.21%for circumpapillary vessel density.CONCLUSION:OCTA ONH parameters demonstrate good repeatability in healthy subjects.The interocular correlations of papillary vessel density,fractal dimension and vessel diameter index are high,but the correlation for circumpapillary vessel density is moderate.

Changes in macrophage infiltration and podocyte injury in lupus nephritis patients with repeated renal biopsy: Report of three cases

BACKGROUND In this study,we retrospectively analysed macrophage infiltration and podocyte injury in three patients with diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis(LN)who un-derwent repeated renal biopsy.CASE SUMMARY Clinical data of three diffuse proliferative LN patients with different pathological characteristics(case 1 was LN IV-G(A),case 2 was LN IV-G(A)+V,and case 3 was LN IV-G(A)+thrombotic microangiopathy)were reviewed.All patients underwent repeated renal biopsies 6 mo later,and renal biopsy specimens were studied.Macrophage infiltration was assessed by CD68 expression detected by immunohistochemical staining,and an immunofluorescence assay was used to detect podocin expression to assess podocyte damage.After treatment,Case 1 changed to LN III-(A),Case 2 remained as type V LN lesions,and Case 3,which changed to LN IV-S(A),had the worst prognosis.We observed reduced macro-phage infiltration after therapy.However,two of the patients with active lesions after treatment still showed macrophage infiltration in the renal interstitium.Before treatment,the three patients showed discontinuous expression of podocin.Notably,the integrity of podocin was restored after treatment in Case 1.CONCLUSION It may be possible to reverse podocyte damage and decrease the infiltrating ma-crophages in LN patients through effective treatment.

Toward understanding the role of genomic repeat elements in neurodegenerative diseases

Neurodegenerative diseases cause great medical and economic burdens for both patients and society;however, the complex molecular mechanisms thereof are not yet well understood. With the development of high-coverage sequencing technology, researchers have started to notice that genomic repeat regions, previously neglected in search of disease culprits, are active contributors to multiple neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we describe the association between repeat element variants and multiple degenerative diseases through genome-wide association studies and targeted sequencing. We discuss the identification of disease-relevant repeat element variants, further powered by the advancement of long-read sequencing technologies and their related tools, and summarize recent findings in the molecular mechanisms of repeat element variants in brain degeneration, such as those causing transcriptional silencing or RNA-mediated gain of toxic function. Furthermore, we describe how in silico predictions using innovative computational models, such as deep learning language models, could enhance and accelerate our understanding of the functional impact of repeat element variants. Finally, we discuss future directions to advance current findings for a better understanding of neurodegenerative diseases and the clinical applications of genomic repeat elements.

GATA binding protein 2 mediated ankyrin repeat domain containing 26 high expression in myeloid-derived cell lines

BACKGROUND Thrombocytopenia 2,an autosomal dominant inherited disease characterized by moderate thrombocytopenia,predisposition to myeloid malignancies and normal platelet size and function,can be caused by 5’-untranslated region(UTR)point mutations in ankyrin repeat domain containing 26(ANKRD26).Runt related transcription factor 1(RUNX1)and friend leukemia integration 1(FLI1)have been identified as negative regulators of ANKRD26.However,the positive regulators of ANKRD26 are still unknown.AIM To prove the positive regulatory effect of GATA binding protein 2(GATA2)on ANKRD26 transcription.METHODS Human induced pluripotent stem cells derived from bone marrow(hiPSC-BM)INTRODUCTION Ankyrin repeat domain containing protein 26(ANKRD26)acts as a regulator of adipogenesis and is involved in the regulation of feeding behavior[1-3].The ANKRD26 gene is located on chromosome 10 and shares regions of homology with the primate-specific gene family POTE.According to the Human Protein Atlas database,the ANKRD26 protein is localized to the Golgi apparatus and vesicles,and its expression can be detected in nearly all human tissues[4].Moreover,UniProt annotation revealed that ANKRD26 is localized in the centrosome and contains coiled-coil domains formed by spectrin helices and ankyrin repeats[5,6].The most common disease related to ANKRD26 is thrombocytopenia 2(THC2),which is a rare autosomal dominant inherited disease characterized by lifelong mild-to-moderate thrombocytopenia and mild bleeding[7-9].Caused by the variants in the 5’-untranslated region(UTR)of ANKRD26,THC2 is defined by a decrease in the number of platelets in circulating blood and results in increased bleeding and decreased clotting ability[8,10].Due to the point mutations that occur in the 5’-UTR of ANKRD26,its negative transcription factors(TFs),Runt related transcription factor 1(RUNX1)and friend leukemia integration 1(FLI1),lose their repression effect[11].The persistent expression of ANKRD26 increases the activity of the mitogen activated protein kinase and extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathways,which are potentially involved in the regulation of thrombopoietin-dependent signaling and further impair proplatelet formation by megakaryocytes(MKs)[11].However,the positive regulators of ANKRD26,which might be associated with THC2 pathology,are still unknown.

DNA Tandem Repeats as Iterable Objects to Count Cell Divisions: A Computational Model

Cell lineages of nematodes are completely known: the adult male of Caenorhabditis elegans contains 1031 somatic cells, the hermaphrodite 959, not one more, not one less;cell divisions are strictly deterministic (as in the great majority of invertebrates) but so far nothing is known about the mechanism used by cells to count precise numbers of divisions. In vertebrates, each species has its invariable deterministic numbers of somites, vertebrae, fingers, and teeth: counting the number of iterations is a widespread process in living beings;nonetheless, it remains an unanswered question and a great challenge in cell biology. This paper introduces a computational model to investigate the possible role of satellite DNA in counting cell divisions, showing how cells may operate under Boolean logic algebra. Satellite DNA, made up of repeated monomers and subject to high epigenetic methylation rates, is very similar to iterable sequences used in programming: just like in the “iteration protocol” of algorithms, the epigenetic machinery may run over linear tandem repeats (that hold cell-fate data), read and orderly mark one monomer per cell-cycle (cytosine methylation), keep track and transmit marks to descendant cells, sending information to cell-cycle regulators.

CAN-bus仪表的通讯模块设计

介绍了一种基于CAN总线的自动化仪表的通讯模块的设计方法，该通讯模块可以应用于各种自动化仪表中。

基于虚拟串口技术的CAN-bus总线在煤矿通讯中的应用研究

针对煤矿监测监控系统中RS-485总线通信能力较低、设备通讯接口不统一的问题,提出把虚拟串口VCOM技术和CAN-bus总线相结合,为煤矿监测监控系统提供一种简单可靠的、具有统一远程终端通讯接口的组网方式。通过虚拟串口VCOM技术的应用,使1条CAN总线上可连接多达2048个RS-485设备,通讯距离可以长达10 km甚至更远。

基于CAN-bus的组网技术研究

文章从负载能力、拓扑结构、冗余设计三个方面,对基于CAN-bus的组网技术进行分析,给出实际可行的意见或方案,最后以实际CAN网络加以验证,网络通信稳定可靠。研究结论对基于CAN-bus的实际组网具有很大的参考价值。

一种基于CAN-BUS的数字量采集器设计

CAN-BUS是一种在国内外均受到广泛应用的现场总线.设计了一个基于CAN-BUS的数字量采集系统:硬件设计以单片机STC90C52RC为核心,结合了CAN控制器SJF1000和CAN收发器PCA82C251设计;软件设计采用循环扫描的方式对数字量信号进行采集、处理和发送.该设计已在工业中投入实际应用,运行稳定,监测良好,低成本,性价比高,效益好.

基于CAN-Bus的智能照明控制研究

以CAN-Bus系统为研究对象,对智能照明控制加以定性分析,阐述了智能照明控制与传统照明控制相比所具有的优势。介绍了智能照明控制系统的组成、原理、应用范围及选用原则,最后给出了系统在智能建筑中的应用和施工要点。

基于CAN-bus总线的电动密集架控制系统设计

信息化时代背景下,智能电动密集架在现代档案库房日益普及,它结合了组合货架和移动货架的优点,真正实现了效率更高、空间更省,无序存放、有序管理。本文主要介绍一种基于高速CAN-bus总线的电动密集架控制系统,采用STM32处理器与CAN总线控制器TJA1050构建高速通信硬件平台,相比传统的RS-485接口通信速率更快,可靠性更高,响应更实时。

ASP.NET中Repeater控件高级应用研究

经过对ASP.NET中Repeater数据控件基本特征的分析,以及对实际应用系统中数据列表功能的提炼总结,提出并设计了挖掘其潜力的示例算法模型,重点介绍了控件模板的灵活性与定制使用方法。并通过典型应用示例,展示其数据绑定和内嵌W eb服务器控件,以及数据实现排序分页显示,数据添加、更新和批量删除等功能。

浅析汽车起动机不运转之CAN-BUS故障的诊断

CAN-BUS是汽车上的重要局域网络,CAN-BUS出现故障,会导致车辆无法正常工作甚至无法起动,正确的故障诊断流程是快速有效排除故障的保证。以迈腾轿车起动机不转故障的案例,浅析汽车起动机不转之驱动CAN-BUS故障的诊断与排除流程,可给汽车维修专业学生和汽车维修企业提供诊断流程借鉴。

简介汽车CAN-BUS总线控制系统

结合实际,针对汽车CAN-BUS总线控制系统进行了论述。

虚拟串口在CAN-bus网络中的构建技术研究

介绍了一种简单、可靠的方法,通过利用ZLGCAN接口卡、CAN232MB转换器等设备,可以在1条普通双绞线上连接多达2048个RS-232设备,通讯距离可以长达10公里甚至更远的距离。

基于CAN-bus 2.0总线的罐式煅烧炉测温测压系统

采用Modbus RTU现场总线的罐式煅烧炉测温测压系统,虽然较传统的集散控制方式有了一定提升,但是在总线利用率、采集周期、调度及容错机制等方面,受协议本身和RS485固有属性的限制,无法继续优化提升。而应用CAN-bus则可以完全解决上述问题,且从现场施工和后期维护成本来看,优势明显。文中采用的方法,为类似问题的解决提供了一种全新的技术思路,具有一定的借鉴价值。