To investigate the developmental genetics of genital formation in the carabid beetle Carabus maiyasanus,we compared gene expression patterns among five stages using transcriptomic RNA sequencing data from abdominal se...To investigate the developmental genetics of genital formation in the carabid beetle Carabus maiyasanus,we compared gene expression patterns among five stages using transcriptomic RNA sequencing data from abdominal segments and genitalia in the third(last)larval instar(including prepupa)and pupal stages.We identified 18839 genes,of which 10796 were differentially expressed among stages or between sexes.There were relatively few differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between the sexes(3%).The DEGs were clustered into six groups,mainly according to stage-specific expression patterns.Genes in clusters 1-3 showed high expression levels before pupation and low expression levels during the pupal period,whereas genes in clusters 46 showed high expression levels from the prepupal to the pupal stages.Genes related to the initial pupation process and differentiation of genital discs in Drosophila were involved in clusters 4 and 6 and showed low expression levels at early third instar and elevated expression levels from the early prepupal stage,suggesting that the pupation process and genital differentiation started in the prepupal stage.Clusters 4 and 5 included developmental genes related to organ size control,which may be important in the formation of internal genital structures during the pupal stage.展开更多
基金We thank T.Mishina,K.Watanabe,M.Hoso,S.Ya-mamoto,and members of Animal Ecology Laboratory of Kyoto University for various supports and discussion.This study was supported by JSPS KAKENHI(Grant No.26251044,18H04010 to T.S.).
文摘To investigate the developmental genetics of genital formation in the carabid beetle Carabus maiyasanus,we compared gene expression patterns among five stages using transcriptomic RNA sequencing data from abdominal segments and genitalia in the third(last)larval instar(including prepupa)and pupal stages.We identified 18839 genes,of which 10796 were differentially expressed among stages or between sexes.There were relatively few differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between the sexes(3%).The DEGs were clustered into six groups,mainly according to stage-specific expression patterns.Genes in clusters 1-3 showed high expression levels before pupation and low expression levels during the pupal period,whereas genes in clusters 46 showed high expression levels from the prepupal to the pupal stages.Genes related to the initial pupation process and differentiation of genital discs in Drosophila were involved in clusters 4 and 6 and showed low expression levels at early third instar and elevated expression levels from the early prepupal stage,suggesting that the pupation process and genital differentiation started in the prepupal stage.Clusters 4 and 5 included developmental genes related to organ size control,which may be important in the formation of internal genital structures during the pupal stage.
