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Leaf phenotypic variation in natural populations of Carpinus tschonoskii in China
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作者 Runan Zhao Xiaojie Chu +2 位作者 Qianqian He Wei Liu Zunling Zhu 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第5期1591-1602,共12页
Carpinus tschonoskii Maxim.exhibits rich leaf phenotypic variation and various leaf shapes,but few studies show why leaf phenotypic traits have such a large variation.Basic morphological markers may provide guidance f... Carpinus tschonoskii Maxim.exhibits rich leaf phenotypic variation and various leaf shapes,but few studies show why leaf phenotypic traits have such a large variation.Basic morphological markers may provide guidance for studying plant genetic variation and species protection and utilization.To study leaf phenotypic variations and the relationship between variation characteristics and climatic and geographical factors,phenotypic traits among natural populations were investigated.Results revealed that leaf phenotypes varied significantly among and within populations.Some populations had higher phenotypic diversity,while others had lower phenotypic diversity.Among the phenotypic traits,leaf area and petiole length had the most variation.Leaf index and primary lateral veins were the most stable phenotypes,which may be important reference indexes for phenotype identification in field investigations.There was a strong consistency between leaf phenotypic traits and geographical location.Plants in high latitudes tend to have longer leaves,and plants in low temperatures tend to have longer leaves and larger leaf perimeter.In addition,plants in areas with less rainfall have longer petioles.The 13 populations of C.tschonoskii can be divided into four branches by cluster analysis,and the results show a good relationship with the geographical location of each population.Additionally,some populations geographically isolated also had unique leaf phenotypes. 展开更多
关键词 carpinus tschonoskii Leaf phenotypes Phenotypic plasticity Environmental factors Conservation measures
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Distribution and tensile strength of Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) roots growing on slopes of Caspian Forests, Iran 被引量:4
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作者 Ehsan Abdi Baris Majnounian +1 位作者 Hassan Rahimi Mahmud Zobeiri 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2009年第2期105-110,I0001,共7页
Biomechanical characteristics of the root system of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) were assessed by measuring Root Area Ratio (RAR) values and tensile strength of root specimens of eight hornbeam trees growing on hil... Biomechanical characteristics of the root system of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) were assessed by measuring Root Area Ratio (RAR) values and tensile strength of root specimens of eight hornbeam trees growing on hilly terrain of Northern Iran. RAR values of the roots were obtained using profile trenching method at soil depth of the top 0.1 m. In total 123 root specimens were analyzed for tensile strength. Results indicate that in general, RAR decreases with depth, following a power function. The RAR values in up and down slopes have no significant statistical differences. In most cases, the maximum RAR values were located in soil depth of the top 0.1 m, with maximum rooting depth at about 0.75 m. The minimum and maximum RAR values along the profiles were 0.004% and 6.431% for down slope and 0.004% and 3.995% for up slope, respectively. The number of roots in the up and down slope trenches was not significantly different. In the same manner as for RAR, number of roots distributing with depth was satisfactorily approximated a power function. The penetration depths of above 90 percent of the roots were at soil depths of 50 cm and 60 cm for up and down slopes, respectively. Results of Spearman's bivariate correlation showed no significant correlation between the RAR value with tree diameter and gradient of slope and number of roots. The mean value of root tensile strength was 31.51 ± 1.05 MPa and root tensile strength decreased with the increase in root diameter, following a power law equation. Using ANCOVA, we found intraspecies variation of tensile strength. 展开更多
关键词 BIOMECHANICAL Hornbeam carpinus betulus root area ratio (RAR) root system root tensile strength.
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Distribution and tensile strength of Hornbeam(Carpinus betulus) roots growing on slopes of Caspian Forests,Iran 被引量:2
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作者 Ehsan Abdi Baris Majnounian +1 位作者 Hassan Rahimi Mahmud Zobeiri 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2009年第A2期105-110,共6页
Biomechanical characteristics of the root system of hornbeam(Carpinus betulus) were assessed by measuring Root Area Ratio(RAR) values and tensile strength of root specimens of eight hornbeam trees growing on hilly ter... Biomechanical characteristics of the root system of hornbeam(Carpinus betulus) were assessed by measuring Root Area Ratio(RAR) values and tensile strength of root specimens of eight hornbeam trees growing on hilly terrain of Northern Iran.RAR values of the roots were obtained using profile trenching method at soil depth of the top 0.1 m.In total 123 root specimens were analyzed for tensile strength.Results indicate that in general, RAR decreases with depth, following a power function.The RAR values in up and down slopes have no significant statistical differences.In most cases, the maximum RAR values were located in soil depth of the top 0.1 m, with maximum rooting depth at about 0.75 m.The minimum and maximum RAR values along the profiles were 0.004% and 6.431% for down slope and 0.004% and 3.995% for up slope, respectively.The number of roots in the up and down slope trenches was not significantly different.In the same manner as for RAR, number of roots distributing with depth was satisfactorily approximated a power function.The penetration depths of above 90 percent of the roots were at soil depths of 50 cm and 60 cm for up and down slopes, respectively.Results of Spearman's bivariate correlation showed no significant correlation between the RAR value with tree diameter and gradient of slope and number of roots.The mean value of root tensile strength was 31.51 ± 1.05 MPa and root tensile strength decreased with the increase in root diameter, follow-ing a power law equation.Using ANCOVA, we found intraspecies variation of tensile strength. 展开更多
关键词 BIOMECHANICAL Hornbeam carpinus betulus ROOT area ratio(RAR) ROOT system ROOT tensile strength.
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Involucre fossils of Carpinus,a northern temperate element,from the Miocene of China and the evolution of its species diversity in East Asia 被引量:2
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作者 Li Xue Linbo Jia +5 位作者 Gi-soo Nam Yongjiang Huang Shitao Zhang Yuqing Wang Zhuo Zhou Yongsheng Chen 《Plant Diversity》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2020年第3期155-167,共13页
East Asia has long been recognized as a major center for temperate woody plants diversity.Although several theories have been proposed to explain how the diversity of these temperate elements accumulated in the region... East Asia has long been recognized as a major center for temperate woody plants diversity.Although several theories have been proposed to explain how the diversity of these temperate elements accumulated in the region,the specific process remains unclear.Here we describe six species of Carpinus,a typical northern hemisphere temperate woody plant,from the early Miocene of the Maguan Basin,southwestern China,southern East Asia.This constitutes the southernmost,and the earliest occurrence that shows a high species diversity of the genus.Together with other Carpinus fossil records from East Asia,we show that the genus had achieved a high diversity in East Asia at least by the middle Miocene.Of the six species here described,three have become extinct,indicating that the genus has experienced apparent species loss during its evolutionary history in East Asia.In contrast,the remaining three species closely resemble extant species,raising the possibility that these species may have persisted in East Asia at least since the early Miocene.These findings indicate that the accumulation of species diversity of Carpinus in East Asia is a complex process involving extinction,persistence,and possible subsequent speciation. 展开更多
关键词 carpinus East Asia EXTINCTION Temperate woody plants Species diversity
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Effect of site and elevation on wood density and shrinkage and their relationships in Carpinus betulus 被引量:1
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作者 Majid KIAEI 《Forestry Studies in China》 CAS 2012年第3期229-234,共6页
This study examined the effect of site and elevation on the oven-dry density and volumetric shrinkage of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) wood. For this purpose, 45 normal hornbeam trees from three different sites (Maza... This study examined the effect of site and elevation on the oven-dry density and volumetric shrinkage of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) wood. For this purpose, 45 normal hornbeam trees from three different sites (Mazandaran, Guilan and Golestan) at three elevations, 300 m (low elevation), 700 m (intermediate elevation) and 1100 m (high elevation) from natural forest in northern Iran were selected. Disks were cut at breast height from mature wood and test samples were prepared to determine physical proper- ties, i.e., wood density and volumetric shrinkage. The results show that there are significant differences between site and elevation on these physical properties of wood. The interaction effects between site ~ elevation on wood density and volumetric shrinkage were also statistically significant. At any fixed site, wood density and volumetric shrinkage increased with elevation. As well, their values at Guilan were higher than those at the other two sites. The relationship between wood density and volumetric shrinkage was deter- mined by simple regression equations. Strong, positive relationships between wood density and volumetric shrinkage at each site were found. Again, these were stronger at the Guilan site than at the other two sites. Given a fixed site, the correlation at high eleva- tion was stronger than at the other two elevations. 展开更多
关键词 carpinus betulus SITE ELEVATION wood density volumetric shrinkage
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Diversity Assessment of an Endemic Carpinus oblongifolia(Betulaceae)Using Specific-Locus Amplified Fragment Sequencing and Implications for Conservation
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作者 Sumei Li Qing Wang +3 位作者 Peng Wang Shuan Wang Rutong Yang Ya Li 《Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany》 SCIE 2022年第3期617-632,共16页
Carpinus oblongifolia is an endemic species and the extant wild populations show a fragmentation distribution in the Baohua Mountain of Jiangsu Province in eastern China.Understanding of genetic diversity plays an imp... Carpinus oblongifolia is an endemic species and the extant wild populations show a fragmentation distribution in the Baohua Mountain of Jiangsu Province in eastern China.Understanding of genetic diversity plays an important role in C.oblongifolia survival and sustainable development.The wild C.oblongifolia population was artificially divided into four subpopulations according to the microhabitats,and another two subpopulations were constructed by progeny seedlings cultivated with the mature seeds.Then,the leaf buds of 80 individuals from six subpopulations were sampled to develop single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)using specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing(SLAF-seq).Based on these SNPs,we aimed to characterize the genetic diversity and population structure of C.oblongifolia and provide an illumination and reference for effective management of such a small endemic population.The level of genetic diversity was low at the species level,and the progeny subpopulations had a relatively higher genetic diversity than the wild subpopulations.This may be attributed to a high gene flow and an excess heterozygosity to reduce the threat of genetic drift-based hazards.Moreover,the progeny subpopulations had the ability to form new clusters and a great contribution to the genetic structure variation of C.oblongifolia.These results will assist with the development of conservation and management strategies,such as properly evacuating competitive trees to provide more chance for pollen and seed flow in situ conservation,and establishing sufficient seedling plantlets under laboratory conditions for reintroduction to enlarge the effective population size. 展开更多
关键词 carpinus oblongifolia endemic species genetic diversity population structure SLAF
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濒危植物天台鹅耳枥幼苗光合特性研究 被引量:3
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作者 施灵栋 张忠钊 +2 位作者 季梦成 范义荣 刘志高 《湖北农业科学》 2016年第19期4949-4951,5006,共4页
使用LI-6400型便携式光合仪,对天台鹅耳枥(Carpinus tientaiensis)幼苗的光合参数进行测定与分析。结果表明,天台鹅耳枥幼苗表观量子效率(AQY)为5.33%,弱光利用能力不强,光补偿点(LCP)为67.42μmol/m2·s,光饱和点(LSP)为1 400.00μ... 使用LI-6400型便携式光合仪,对天台鹅耳枥(Carpinus tientaiensis)幼苗的光合参数进行测定与分析。结果表明,天台鹅耳枥幼苗表观量子效率(AQY)为5.33%,弱光利用能力不强,光补偿点(LCP)为67.42μmol/m2·s,光饱和点(LSP)为1 400.00μmol/m2·s,可以有效利用强光进行光合作用。天台鹅耳枥幼苗净光合速率日变化呈单峰曲线,上午11:00净光合速率达到最大1 823.72μmol CO2/m2·s,具备良好的高温适应性。相关性分析表明,净光合速率(Pn)与外界光强(PAR)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和叶片温度(Teaf)呈极显著正相关,与胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)呈显著负相关。 展开更多
关键词 天台鹅耳枥(carpinus tientaiensis) 幼苗 光合特性
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Thinning effects on biomass and element concentrations of roots in adjacent hornbeam and oak stands in Istanbul,Turkey 被引量:3
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作者 Serdar Akburak Ender Makineci 《Forest Ecosystems》 SCIE CSCD 2021年第1期1-10,共10页
Background:Thinning is a commonly used treatment in forest management which affects the tree root systems.The effects of thinning on element concentrations and seasonal change of roots were evaluated in adjacent oak(Q... Background:Thinning is a commonly used treatment in forest management which affects the tree root systems.The effects of thinning on element concentrations and seasonal change of roots were evaluated in adjacent oak(Quercus frainetto Ten.)and hornbeam(Carpinus betulus L.)stands according to the different root diameter classes.Method:Two replicated control and thinning plots(50m×50 m)were set for each species(hornbeam and oak).Thinning treatments(November 2010)reduced 50%of the basal area in both oak and hornbeam stands.Roots were assessed by seasonal collection over 2 years(from October 2010 to October 2012).The roots were then sorted into diameter classes of 0–2mm(fine roots),2–5mm(small roots)and>5mm(coarse roots).C,N,P,K,Ca,Na,Mg,S,Mn,Fe,Al,Zn,Pb,Ni,Cu and Cd were analyzed.Results:Except coarse roots,the highest root biomasses were determined in April-2011 in all plots.Fine-root biomass in oak was found significantly higher in control plots.In contrast to the oak,the fine-root biomass in the thinned hornbeam plots was higher than in the controls.The small-root biomass did not significantly differ between the thinned and the control plots in both oak and hornbeam stands.However,the coarse-root biomass showed significant differences between the control(1989 g∙m^(−2))and thinned plots(1060 g∙m^(−2))in oak,while no difference was detected in hornbeam.The concentrations of C,Al,Pb,Cd,Ni,Zn,Mn,Na,K,Mg and P in the fine roots of oak were significantly higher in the thinned plots.However,the concentration of Pb,Cd and Fe in the fine roots was significantly higher in the thinned plots of hornbeam.Significant differences were observed between the species for all elements in the fine roots except for C,N and P.In particular,elements in the fine roots tended to increase in July in the oak.In the hornbeam,all element concentrations in the fine roots(except C,N,and S)in the thinned plots showed a tendency to increase in April.The concentrations of Pb,Ni,Al,Fe,Cu,Ca,Na,K,Mg and P in the hornbeam control plots increased during the April 2011 period.Conclusion:The results indicated that thinning effects on temporal changes and concentrations of elements in the roots could be attributed to species-specific characteristics. 展开更多
关键词 carpinus Coarse root Fine root QUERCUS Small root
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基于nrDNA ITS序列分析蒙山鹅耳枥与鹅耳枥亲缘关系
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作者 闵现东 高远 +2 位作者 钱长照 赵卫光 刘建 《山东林业科技》 2018年第3期29-31,38,共4页
以采自蒙山的蒙山鹅耳枥和鹅耳枥各5株为试材,进行核糖体DNA(nrDNA)内转录间隔区(ITS)序列检测,并将ITS序列导入NCBI数据库比对,分析蒙山鹅耳枥和鹅耳枥亲缘关系。结果显示:1)蒙山鹅耳枥和鹅耳枥ITS序列高度相似,601个碱基序列中只有1... 以采自蒙山的蒙山鹅耳枥和鹅耳枥各5株为试材,进行核糖体DNA(nrDNA)内转录间隔区(ITS)序列检测,并将ITS序列导入NCBI数据库比对,分析蒙山鹅耳枥和鹅耳枥亲缘关系。结果显示:1)蒙山鹅耳枥和鹅耳枥ITS序列高度相似,601个碱基序列中只有1个碱基差别。2)蒙山鹅耳枥ITS序列与NCBI数据库中Carpinus sp.Wen 9187(编号EJ011711729.1)序列相似度为100%,与同属近缘种鹅耳枥序列相似度为99%。结论:1)蒙山鹅耳枥是独立物种。2)蒙山鹅耳枥不再属于山东特有物种,分布区除蒙山外韩国也可见其分布。 展开更多
关键词 蒙山鹅耳枥 ITS carpinus sp.Wen
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LAI and Leaf Biomass Allometric Equations for Three Common Tree Species in a Hyrcanian Temperate Forest
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作者 Saleh Kahyani Hormoz Sohrabi +1 位作者 Seyyed Mohsen Hosseini Jerry Vanclay 《Open Journal of Forestry》 2016年第2期1-7,共7页
Despite the importance of Hyrcanian forests for biodiversity conservation, a few studies with biomass destruction has been done to predict biomass and carbon pools from this forest and there is a lack of knowledge in ... Despite the importance of Hyrcanian forests for biodiversity conservation, a few studies with biomass destruction has been done to predict biomass and carbon pools from this forest and there is a lack of knowledge in our country. Biomass and leaf area index (LAI) are important variables in many ecological and environmental applications and forest management. In this paper, allometric biomass and leaf area equations were developed for three common Hyrcanian tree species, Oriental Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), Hornbeam (Carpinus Betulus Lipsky) and Chestnut- leaved Oak (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey). To evaluate and estimate the leaf biomass and leaf area index of Oriental Beech, Horbeam and Chestnut-leaved Oak, 21, 27 and 17 individuals were selected and felled down, respectively. Tree characteristics such as diameter at breast height, total height, crown length and perpendicular diameters were measured. Destructive sampling was applied for determination of leaf biomass and LAI. Allometric equations were calculated for estimation of leaf biomass and LAI using simple linear regression and nonlinear regression analysis. The equations were compared based on several modelling parameters. Model comparison and selection were based on R2, Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), prediction error sums of squares, model standard error estimate (SEE), ΔAIC, and a correction factor. Based on the results, the mean values of leaf area, leaf biomass and LAI for Oriental Beech were 53.05 cm<sup>2</sup>, 0.176 gr, 2.16, for Hornbeam were 27.2 cm<sup>2</sup>, 0.128 gr, 1.13 and for Chestnut-leaved Oak were 62.419 cm<sup>2</sup>, 0.401 gr, 2.26, respectively. The highest significant correlation for Oriental Beech was found between LAI and total height (R2</sup>adj</sub>= 0. 931), the highest significant correlation for Hornbeam was found between LAI and Dbh (R<sup>2</sup><sub>adj</sub> = 0. 956) and the highest significance for Chestnut-leaved Oak was found between LAI and SqrtDbh (R2</sup>adj</sub> = 0. 956). Also, the best equations were obtained by means of an exponential regression model for Oriental Beech, the Log-transformed regression model for Hornbeam and of a transformed regression model for Chestnut-leaved Oak. 展开更多
关键词 Leaf Biomass LAI Hyrcanian Forests Fagus Orientalis carpinus Betulus Quercus Castaneifolia
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