This study investigates the interaction between convection, clouds, and the large-scale circulation. By examining the sensitivity of the large-scale fields to a modification of the convective parameterization scheme i...This study investigates the interaction between convection, clouds, and the large-scale circulation. By examining the sensitivity of the large-scale fields to a modification of the convective parameterization scheme in the NCAR CCM3, we show that the convective parameterization has a strong impact on the temporal characteristics of the large-scale circulation and clouds. When Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) in the atmosphere is used to close the convective parameterization, the simulated convection is continuous, and lacks the observed intermittence. When the CAPE change due to the large-scale forcing in the free troposphere is used, the simulated temporal behavior of convection is in much better agreement with the observations. We attribute this improvement to the enhanced coupling between convection and the large-scale forcing in the convective parameterization.展开更多
The programmed cell death 10(PDCD10)gene was originally identified as an apoptosis-related gene,although it is now usually known as CCM3,as the third causative gene of cerebral cavernous malformation(CCM).CCM is a neu...The programmed cell death 10(PDCD10)gene was originally identified as an apoptosis-related gene,although it is now usually known as CCM3,as the third causative gene of cerebral cavernous malformation(CCM).CCM is a neurovascular disease that is characterized by vascular malformations and is associated with headaches,seizures,focal neurological deficits,and cerebral hemorrhage.The PDCD10/CCM3 protein has multiple subcellular localizations and interacts with several multi-protein complexes and signaling pathways.Thus PDCD10/CCM3 governs many cellular functions,which include cell-to-cell junctions and cytoskeleton organization,cell proliferation and apoptosis,and exocytosis and angiogenesis.Given its central role in the maintenance of homeostasis of the cell,dysregulation of PDCD10/CCM3 can result in a wide range of altered cell functions.This can lead to severe diseases,including CCM,cognitive disability,and several types of cancers.Here,we review the multifaceted roles of PDCD10/CCM3 in physiology and pathology,with a focus on its functions beyond CCM.展开更多
采用累积频率的统计方法和Community Climate Model 3(CCM3)模拟的10年逐日降水结果,分析了模拟的夏季极端降水事件的时空分布特征.结果表明,CCM3模拟的极端降水阈值的大值区主要在我国黄河和长江流域的上游、印度半岛及其邻近海域和孟...采用累积频率的统计方法和Community Climate Model 3(CCM3)模拟的10年逐日降水结果,分析了模拟的夏季极端降水事件的时空分布特征.结果表明,CCM3模拟的极端降水阈值的大值区主要在我国黄河和长江流域的上游、印度半岛及其邻近海域和孟加拉湾及其北部地区.CCM3能够模拟出我国长江流域极端降水量与极端降水日数显著增加的趋势.对极端降水平均强度、降水日数以及极端降水量与总降水量比值的经验正交函数(EOF)分析可知,我国大部分地区的极端降水基本呈现同相变化,且以长江和黄河中游地区较为显著.CCM3模式基本能够模拟出观测到的极端降水阈值与总降水、极端降水日数及其距平的高空间相关性.展开更多
A brief introduction of a global atmospheric circulation model CCM3, which is used to simulate the precipitation in China, the height and the flow fields of the atmosphere, is made and the reliability of simulation is...A brief introduction of a global atmospheric circulation model CCM3, which is used to simulate the precipitation in China, the height and the flow fields of the atmosphere, is made and the reliability of simulation is analyzed. According to the negative correlation between rainfall in the first flood period in South China (FFSC) and sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in a key region in western Pacific warm pool (West Region), two sensitive experiments are designed to investigate the effects of the latter on the former and the possible physical mechanism is discussed. It is found that in cold water (warm water) years, the rainfall in South China (SC) is far more (less) than normal, while the rainfall in the middle and low reaches of the Yangtze River is relatively less (more). The best correlative area of precipitation is located in Guangdong Province. It matches the diagnostic result well. The effect of SSTA on precipitation of FFSC is realized through the abnormality of atmospheric circulation and tested by a P-σnine-layer regional climate model. Moreover, the simulated result of the P-σmodel is basically coincident with that of the CCM3.展开更多
基金This research was supported by the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics of University ofCalifornia and the Los Alamos
文摘This study investigates the interaction between convection, clouds, and the large-scale circulation. By examining the sensitivity of the large-scale fields to a modification of the convective parameterization scheme in the NCAR CCM3, we show that the convective parameterization has a strong impact on the temporal characteristics of the large-scale circulation and clouds. When Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) in the atmosphere is used to close the convective parameterization, the simulated convection is continuous, and lacks the observed intermittence. When the CAPE change due to the large-scale forcing in the free troposphere is used, the simulated temporal behavior of convection is in much better agreement with the observations. We attribute this improvement to the enhanced coupling between convection and the large-scale forcing in the convective parameterization.
基金The lab of ED is supported by:The Swedish Research Council(contract No.2013-9279),the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation(contract No.2015-0030),the European Research Council(project EC-ERC-VEPC,contract 74292),Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro(AIRC IG 23223),AIRC 5x1000 call"Metastatic disease:the key unmet need in oncology"to the MYNERVA Project(MYeloid NEoplasms Research Venture AIRC 21267),Telethon(New insight on the pathogenesis of hereditary Cerebral Cavernous Malformation,contract GGP19202)AIFA(a multicellular randomized clinical trial on propranolol in familial Cerebral Cavernous Malformation,contract AIFA-2016-02364593).Be Brave for Life Foundation Micro Grant 2019.
文摘The programmed cell death 10(PDCD10)gene was originally identified as an apoptosis-related gene,although it is now usually known as CCM3,as the third causative gene of cerebral cavernous malformation(CCM).CCM is a neurovascular disease that is characterized by vascular malformations and is associated with headaches,seizures,focal neurological deficits,and cerebral hemorrhage.The PDCD10/CCM3 protein has multiple subcellular localizations and interacts with several multi-protein complexes and signaling pathways.Thus PDCD10/CCM3 governs many cellular functions,which include cell-to-cell junctions and cytoskeleton organization,cell proliferation and apoptosis,and exocytosis and angiogenesis.Given its central role in the maintenance of homeostasis of the cell,dysregulation of PDCD10/CCM3 can result in a wide range of altered cell functions.This can lead to severe diseases,including CCM,cognitive disability,and several types of cancers.Here,we review the multifaceted roles of PDCD10/CCM3 in physiology and pathology,with a focus on its functions beyond CCM.
文摘采用累积频率的统计方法和Community Climate Model 3(CCM3)模拟的10年逐日降水结果,分析了模拟的夏季极端降水事件的时空分布特征.结果表明,CCM3模拟的极端降水阈值的大值区主要在我国黄河和长江流域的上游、印度半岛及其邻近海域和孟加拉湾及其北部地区.CCM3能够模拟出我国长江流域极端降水量与极端降水日数显著增加的趋势.对极端降水平均强度、降水日数以及极端降水量与总降水量比值的经验正交函数(EOF)分析可知,我国大部分地区的极端降水基本呈现同相变化,且以长江和黄河中游地区较为显著.CCM3模式基本能够模拟出观测到的极端降水阈值与总降水、极端降水日数及其距平的高空间相关性.
基金sponsored by the NSFC key project (40233037) and the "National Key Developing Programme for Basic Science" project (2004CB418300)
文摘A brief introduction of a global atmospheric circulation model CCM3, which is used to simulate the precipitation in China, the height and the flow fields of the atmosphere, is made and the reliability of simulation is analyzed. According to the negative correlation between rainfall in the first flood period in South China (FFSC) and sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in a key region in western Pacific warm pool (West Region), two sensitive experiments are designed to investigate the effects of the latter on the former and the possible physical mechanism is discussed. It is found that in cold water (warm water) years, the rainfall in South China (SC) is far more (less) than normal, while the rainfall in the middle and low reaches of the Yangtze River is relatively less (more). The best correlative area of precipitation is located in Guangdong Province. It matches the diagnostic result well. The effect of SSTA on precipitation of FFSC is realized through the abnormality of atmospheric circulation and tested by a P-σnine-layer regional climate model. Moreover, the simulated result of the P-σmodel is basically coincident with that of the CCM3.
