Safety Evaluation of Vegetables Growing in Soils Contaminated by Different Levels of Cadmium(Cd)

The tested soils containing different Cd levels were obtained by mixing the normal cultivated soils with the Cd-contaminated soils taken from the paddies near a mine. Five major categories of vegetables, i.e. cucumber, cowpea, Bok choy, radish and lettuce, widely planted in the spring and autumn in Hunan Province, were selected for pool-culture experiments. Results showed that the Cd accumulations varied greatly according to the category of vegetables. The Cd accumulations in cucumber and cowpea growing in soils with high Cd levels (1.5 mg/kg) were within the threshold limits of the national standards, meaning that these two categories are safe to grow in Cd-contaminated soils. For either the cucumber or the cowpea category, there were no significant differences in the Cd accumulations of different genotypes. Most of the tested Bok choy and radish cultivars could grow safely in soils whose Cd levels were below 1.0 mg/kg. In comparison, the Cd accumulations in some cultivars tended to increase sharply as the Cd level in the soil went beyond 1.0 mg/kg. Significant variations were also observed in the Cd accumulations of different genotypes with mounting Cd levels in the soil. Besides, there were no positive correlations between Cd accumulations in plants and Cd levels in soils, indicating large fluctuations and poor ecological stability of Bok choy and radish. Therefore, the planting of Bok choy and radish should be strictly evaluated and controlled in Cdcontaminated regions. The Cd contents of most celtuce cultivars growing in mildlycontaminated soils had already exceeded the threshold limit. Therefore, it is not safe for celtuce to grow in Cd-contaminated environments.

台阶处光刻工艺的优化与研究

光刻胶剖面形貌和关键尺寸(CD)是光刻工艺的关键参数,而实际光刻工艺中受到前层次图形的影响,尤其是后端布线工艺受到前面工序高低台阶影响十分严重。文章基于光学干涉原理及King的胶厚理论模型和光刻胶Swing Curve曲线研究了光刻胶跨越高台阶对成像的影响,分析了造成光刻胶剖面和关键尺寸变化的主要原因。一是台阶处衬底的反射影响了光刻胶剖面形貌;二是高台阶处光刻胶厚度比正常厚度变薄导致光刻曝光条件不适用于高台阶处光刻胶。最后通过优化胶厚及增加底部抗反射层有效解决CD差异和改善光刻胶形貌。

典型小流域农田土壤Cd形态分布及纳米羟基磷灰石阻控效果

沿浏阳铁山河流域采集6个土壤样品(S1~S6),分析其Cd含量及形态空间差异特征,并结合室内淹水模拟实验,研究淹水条件下纳米羟基磷灰石添加量对不同样品Cd有效性与形态转化的影响。结果表明,从流域上游到下游,土壤总镉含量分别为1.14、1.37、1.98、7.44、7.45、6. 99 mg·kg-1,有效态Cd所占百分比依次为51.75%、40.15%、39.39%、16.40%、28.86%、29.76%,总量与有效态Cd的空间差异均非常明显,而有效态Cd所占百分比与土壤p H呈显著负相关。淹水可降低土壤Cd的有效性,且随着淹水时间延长,土壤有效态Cd逐渐向残渣态转化。添加纳米羟基磷灰石可明显降低土壤有效Cd含量,且随着添加量增加,阻控效果越好。当添加量为5%时,阻控效果最佳;与对照相比,S1~S6有效Cd含量分别降低了77.97%、83.64%、82.05%、77.87%、74.88%、73.56%。研究结果可为矿区小流域农业安全生产的分区管理和重金属污染治理提供数据支持与科学参考。