Cadmium sulfide(CdS)is an n-type semiconductor with excellent electrical conductivity that is widely used as an electron transport material(ETM)in solar cells.At present,numerous methods for preparing CdS thin films h...Cadmium sulfide(CdS)is an n-type semiconductor with excellent electrical conductivity that is widely used as an electron transport material(ETM)in solar cells.At present,numerous methods for preparing CdS thin films have emerged,among which magnetron sputtering(MS)is one of the most commonly used vacuum techniques.For this type of technique,the substrate temperature is one of the key deposition parameters that affects the interfacial properties between the target film and substrate,determining the specific growth habits of the films.Herein,the effect of substrate temperature on the microstructure and electrical properties of magnetron-sputtered CdS(MS-CdS)films was studied and applied for the first time in hydrothermally deposited antimony selenosulfide(Sb_(2)(S,Se)_(3))solar cells.Adjusting the substrate temperature not only results in the design of the flat and dense film with enhanced crystallinity but also leads to the formation of an energy level arrangement with a Sb_(2)(S,Se)_(3)layer that is more favorable for electron transfer.In addition,we developed an oxygen plasma treatment for CdS,reducing the parasitic absorption of the device and resulting in an increase in the short-circuit current density of the solar cell.This study demonstrates the feasibility of MS-CdS in the fabrication of hydrothermal Sb_(2)(S,Se)_(3)solar cells and provides interface optimization strategies to improve device performance.展开更多
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)targeting programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3(TIM-3)are beneficial to the resumption of anti-tumor immunity...BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)targeting programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3(TIM-3)are beneficial to the resumption of anti-tumor immunity response and hold extreme potential as efficient therapies for certain malignancies.However,ICIs with a single target exhibit poor overall response rate in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients due to the complex pathological mechanisms of HCC.AIM To investigate the effects of combined TIM-3 and PD-1 blockade on tumor development in an HCC mouse model,aiming to identify more effective immunotherapies and provide more treatment options for HCC patients.METHODS The levels of PD-1 and TIM-3 on CD4+and CD8+T cells from tumor tissues,ascites,and matched adjacent tissues from HCC patients were determined with flow cytometry.An HCC xenograft mouse model was established and treated with anti-TIM-3 monoclonal antibody(mAb)and/or anti-PD-1 mAb.Tumor growth in each group was measured.Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate T cell infiltration in tumors.The percentage of CD4+and CD8+T cells in tissue samples from mice was tested with flow cytometry.The percentages of PD-1+CD8+,TIM-3+CD8+,and PD-1+TIM-3+CD8+T cells was accessed by flow cytometry.The levels of the cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interferon-γ(IFN-γ),interleukin(IL)-6,and IL-10 in tumor tissues were gauged with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.RESULTS We confirmed that PD-1 and TIM-3 expression was substantially upregulated in CD4+and CD8+T cells isolated from tumor tissues and ascites of HCC patients.TIM-3 mAb and PD-1 mAb treatment both reduced tumor volume and weight,while combined blockade had more substantial anti-tumor effects than individual treatment.Then we showed that combined therapy increased T cell infiltration into tumor tissues,and downregulated PD-1 and TIM-3 expression on CD8+T cells in tumor tissues.Moreover,combined treatment facilitated the production of T cell effector cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ,and reduced the production of immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and IL-6 in tumor tissues.Thus,we implicated that combined blockade could ameliorate T cell exhaustion in HCC mouse model.CONCLUSION Combined TIM-3 and PD-1 blockade restrains HCC development by facilitating CD4+ and CD8+T cell-mediated antitumor immune responses.展开更多
Objective To study the anti-tumor effect of CD3AK cell prepared from umbilical blood,to explore the short-term curative effect on tumor cases and seek better immune index for biotherapy.Methods IL-2 and IL-2+CD3Ab wer...Objective To study the anti-tumor effect of CD3AK cell prepared from umbilical blood,to explore the short-term curative effect on tumor cases and seek better immune index for biotherapy.Methods IL-2 and IL-2+CD3Ab were used to induce LAK cells and CD3AK cells isolated from umbilical blood mononuclear cells(UBMC).The expanding number and bioactivity of LAK cells and CD3AK cells were examined at different time points after culture,the NK activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)of 10 cases of malignant tumor were determined before and after CD3AK cell adopting immune therapy as well.Results The number and bioactivity(NK killing K562 cell)of LAK and CD3AK cells reached their peaks on 11 th day.The number of LAK and CD3AK cells were 18 folds and 24 folds of that before culture;The NK activities of LAK and CD3AK against K562 were 2.6 folds and 3.2 folds of those before culture respectively.The nK activity for killing K562 cells of malignant tumor patient's PBMC was increased from 63%-81% by CD3AK cell transfusing,rising mean 28%.Conclusion (1)The UBMC is a potential and better source of predecessor for LAK and CD3AK;(2)The NK activity of LAK and CD3AK cells from UBMC reached their peaks at 11 th day after culture,and the NK aftivity of CD3AK cells in much greater than that of LAK cells;(3)The NK activity of malignant tumor patient's PBMC can be obviously elevated by transfusing CD3AK cell(4)The test of NK activity of PBMC of malignant tumor patient may become an objective immune index for tumor biotherapy.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22275180)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0405600)the Collaborative Innovation Program of Hefei Science Center,CAS,and the University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province(GXXT-2023-031).
文摘Cadmium sulfide(CdS)is an n-type semiconductor with excellent electrical conductivity that is widely used as an electron transport material(ETM)in solar cells.At present,numerous methods for preparing CdS thin films have emerged,among which magnetron sputtering(MS)is one of the most commonly used vacuum techniques.For this type of technique,the substrate temperature is one of the key deposition parameters that affects the interfacial properties between the target film and substrate,determining the specific growth habits of the films.Herein,the effect of substrate temperature on the microstructure and electrical properties of magnetron-sputtered CdS(MS-CdS)films was studied and applied for the first time in hydrothermally deposited antimony selenosulfide(Sb_(2)(S,Se)_(3))solar cells.Adjusting the substrate temperature not only results in the design of the flat and dense film with enhanced crystallinity but also leads to the formation of an energy level arrangement with a Sb_(2)(S,Se)_(3)layer that is more favorable for electron transfer.In addition,we developed an oxygen plasma treatment for CdS,reducing the parasitic absorption of the device and resulting in an increase in the short-circuit current density of the solar cell.This study demonstrates the feasibility of MS-CdS in the fabrication of hydrothermal Sb_(2)(S,Se)_(3)solar cells and provides interface optimization strategies to improve device performance.
基金Supported by the First-Class Discipline Construction Founded Project of Ningxia Medical University and the School of Clinical Medicine,No.2020008.
文摘BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)targeting programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3(TIM-3)are beneficial to the resumption of anti-tumor immunity response and hold extreme potential as efficient therapies for certain malignancies.However,ICIs with a single target exhibit poor overall response rate in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients due to the complex pathological mechanisms of HCC.AIM To investigate the effects of combined TIM-3 and PD-1 blockade on tumor development in an HCC mouse model,aiming to identify more effective immunotherapies and provide more treatment options for HCC patients.METHODS The levels of PD-1 and TIM-3 on CD4+and CD8+T cells from tumor tissues,ascites,and matched adjacent tissues from HCC patients were determined with flow cytometry.An HCC xenograft mouse model was established and treated with anti-TIM-3 monoclonal antibody(mAb)and/or anti-PD-1 mAb.Tumor growth in each group was measured.Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate T cell infiltration in tumors.The percentage of CD4+and CD8+T cells in tissue samples from mice was tested with flow cytometry.The percentages of PD-1+CD8+,TIM-3+CD8+,and PD-1+TIM-3+CD8+T cells was accessed by flow cytometry.The levels of the cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interferon-γ(IFN-γ),interleukin(IL)-6,and IL-10 in tumor tissues were gauged with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.RESULTS We confirmed that PD-1 and TIM-3 expression was substantially upregulated in CD4+and CD8+T cells isolated from tumor tissues and ascites of HCC patients.TIM-3 mAb and PD-1 mAb treatment both reduced tumor volume and weight,while combined blockade had more substantial anti-tumor effects than individual treatment.Then we showed that combined therapy increased T cell infiltration into tumor tissues,and downregulated PD-1 and TIM-3 expression on CD8+T cells in tumor tissues.Moreover,combined treatment facilitated the production of T cell effector cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ,and reduced the production of immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and IL-6 in tumor tissues.Thus,we implicated that combined blockade could ameliorate T cell exhaustion in HCC mouse model.CONCLUSION Combined TIM-3 and PD-1 blockade restrains HCC development by facilitating CD4+ and CD8+T cell-mediated antitumor immune responses.
文摘Objective To study the anti-tumor effect of CD3AK cell prepared from umbilical blood,to explore the short-term curative effect on tumor cases and seek better immune index for biotherapy.Methods IL-2 and IL-2+CD3Ab were used to induce LAK cells and CD3AK cells isolated from umbilical blood mononuclear cells(UBMC).The expanding number and bioactivity of LAK cells and CD3AK cells were examined at different time points after culture,the NK activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)of 10 cases of malignant tumor were determined before and after CD3AK cell adopting immune therapy as well.Results The number and bioactivity(NK killing K562 cell)of LAK and CD3AK cells reached their peaks on 11 th day.The number of LAK and CD3AK cells were 18 folds and 24 folds of that before culture;The NK activities of LAK and CD3AK against K562 were 2.6 folds and 3.2 folds of those before culture respectively.The nK activity for killing K562 cells of malignant tumor patient's PBMC was increased from 63%-81% by CD3AK cell transfusing,rising mean 28%.Conclusion (1)The UBMC is a potential and better source of predecessor for LAK and CD3AK;(2)The NK activity of LAK and CD3AK cells from UBMC reached their peaks at 11 th day after culture,and the NK aftivity of CD3AK cells in much greater than that of LAK cells;(3)The NK activity of malignant tumor patient's PBMC can be obviously elevated by transfusing CD3AK cell(4)The test of NK activity of PBMC of malignant tumor patient may become an objective immune index for tumor biotherapy.
